25724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983 SENATE-Monday, September 26, 1983 The Senate met at 12 noon and was I hope, Mr. President, that we can dis Senate will tum to the consideration called to order by the President pro pose of the matter with debate on of the war powers resolution. I do not tempore to prohibit use of compul timing of such effects, and the inter to find it? sory union dues for political purposes. ference of other business cycle factors One problem, I think, is that while Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask at least create room for some debate all of us want to solve the deficit prob unanimous consent that the Senate over these issues. lem, none of us has made it his or her now proceed to the consideration of The real concern we should take first priority. Each of us regards some that item. from this exchange, however, is not thing else as more important. Liberal 25726 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983 Democrats want lower deficits, but not ties. Most of these Government activi cific budget proposal which, while not at the expense of entitlements or any ties are either current consumption or satisfying any individual completely, other domestic spending program; con income transfers, almost all of which, nevertheless addresses the overall servative Republicans decry deficits, in tum, will be spent on current con problem in a fashion which should be but will not consider tax increases as sumption. acceptable to a majority. even part of the solution. This is a pre For 200 years, our economy has First, we must examine closely-even scription for deadlock and disaster. grown, enriching each successive gen ruthlessly-discretionary social pro Mr. President, I have been depressed eration, because we saved, and applied grams that benefit largely the non in recent weeks to see headlines trum our savings to productive investments. needy. If the growth of spending is to peting marginally lower deficit projec Now we are running in place. We are be curbed, fairness demands that we tions as if they were actually grounds not yet reducing our capital stock. But abolish giveaways to those who do not for realistic optimism. What solace can we have broken a pattern that has need them. there possibly be in a deficit which is been ours since this country's found Second, we must curb the projected only $190 billion, rather than $210 bil ing-the pattern of every year passing growth of entitlement programs. The lion? on an increased stock of capital for social security reform measure enacted Deficits of this order of magnitude ourselves and our children to work earlier this year is proof that this can are a threat to the current economic with. Unless we reverse this trend, our be accomplished, and the nearly disas recovery. Recent economic indicators children will be clearly and noticeably trous rates of growth of some of these suggest that the strong recovery of poorer than they otherwise would be, programs are evidence that we must. the second quarter, led by consumer and the fault will be ours. Third, we must renew examination spending, is being followed, not unex This issue transcends the current of our defense spending. Any Member pectedly, by more modest growth. Now economic recovery, important though of this body who is, as I am, a veteran observers are waiting for the "second that recovery is. Indeed, it strikes at of the armed services, knows full well stage" of the recovery to ignite. The the very foundations of our society. It that the Defense Department has its key factor in this second stage must be calls into question the ability of share of wasteful and unnecessary pro business investment, as historically it people to plan and save for a better grams. We must avoid, however, unre is in all recoveries. Traditionally a lag future, for themselves, and for their alistic demands that the defense ging indicator, historical patterns children. would now have business investment The picture is indeed not a pretty budget bear draconian cuts. With a increase significantly and spark fur one. It must be changed. But if we are deficit almost equal in size to the ther growth. to change it, all of us must be willing entire defense budget, reason tells us But what a terrible moment of ten to consider measures that individually that the amount of savings we can rea sion this is. For it is precisely this we find unattractive. sonably expect to find here will make event-the increase in business invest Mr. President, earlier this year, Con only a modest contribution to solving ment-which will precipitate the colli gress passed a budget resolution the problem. sion of public and private financing which, though the Senate version car Fourth, Congress must commit itself needs in our credit markets. In past re ried my name, was almost no one's seriously to a broad program of tax coveries, there always has been a pool first choice-not even mine. But we reform and simplification. No one has of savings available to private inves did find a resolution which was accept more respect for the distinguished tors to use to retool factories, buy able to a majority. We must look again chairman of the Finance Committee equipment, and put people back to for such a compromise which will than I. I thank our good fortune that work. Now that pool is not there, for it allow us decisively to reduce the defi the Senator from Kansas is watching is being absorbed by the Government's cit, and to live up to the terms of this over the tax system, because I know unprecedented demand for credit. resolution. that without him, the situation would Of course, there will still be some in Clearly, this will require many of us be much worse. But even the distin vestment. But to the extent it is not to support measures we find distaste guished Senator must be overwhelmed confined to maintenance and replace ful. Even to come to a solution in this by the special advantages and tax ex ment of existing capital, it will be fi Chamber will be difficult, and every penditures that have invaded our Tax nanced largely by foreign credit flow one knows that the House of Repre Code. ing to our shores, attracted by the sentatives will approach this problem Many of these tax preferences were high interest rates which must inevita with a very different set of values. If a created out of the best of intentions. bly result from the Government's solution is to be found-and it is im But in enacting these loopholes, we heavy borrowing. And what is the con perative that we find one-it will be have created a monster. Not only are sequence of this fact? As foreign inves found in the center. the direct costs of monitoring and en tors seek dollars to lend in our credit I, for one, am willing to approach forcing the Tax Code unnecessarily markets, they bid up the dollar's this problem with an open mind. I am high, but the indirect costs are even value, weakening our export indus willing to consider all serious propos higher, as businesses and individuals tries, and resulting in still further loss als for compromise, and I will reexam undertake questionable economic ac of employment. ine all of my own preferences and posi tivities and redirect resources in social So the immediate impact of deficits tions in this search. I ask that my col ly disadvantageous ways, solely for the is to threaten the current economic re leagues do likewise: That we not allow purpose of exploiting this or that loop covery. But there is an even more our positions to harden into intransi hole in the code. Even more important invidious threat in these deficits. gence. The stakes are simply to high. I is the loss of faith in the equity of our Based on recent Commerce Depart believe that this Chamber must take tax system which arises inevitably out ment estimates, the total net domestic the lead in proposing a way out of the of this mountain of special privileges private savings generated by the U.S. deficit maze. Experience has shown woven through the Tax Code. If Fed economy this year will be approxi that it is the Senate, rather than the eral assistance is to be given to a par mately $178 billion. If we had a bal House, which is capable, at times like ticular special interest, then let us do anced budget, this would mean $178 this, of generating a proposal with it by authorizing and appropriating billion to be spent on retooling our broad appeal. funds to do so, and not by contaminat factories, on adding to the housing In closing, I offer seven suggestions ing and eroding the Government's rev stock, on new plants and equipment. for steps which I believe Congress enue-producing mechanism. Instead, we, in Congress, will absorb should consider in its search for a way Fifth, we must redouble our efforts this entire amount and more in bor to shrink the deficit. I believe that at making the Government operate rowing to finance Government activi- these principles can be guides to a spe- more efficiently. The recent Grace September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25727 Commission identified a long list of of asking whether we should raise United States policy and convinced that we ways in whlch substantial public taxes, we should be asking how we need to be involved. sector savings were possible. I do not should find those new revenues. I had thought that in El Salvador we were agree with all of its recommendations. Along these lines, together with the engaged in wrong-headed and dangerous But even if we adopt only a small lines of spending discipline, I have military action on behalf of a repressive share of them, the deficit reduction noted with interest the recent propos Government, and that Washington had failed to address economic and political can be substantial. al of the distinguished Senators from grievances built up after decades of injus I take this opportunity to announce Missouri , at needed and desired assistance up to $7.5 mil the RECORD. the earliest possible date, to achieve mill lion. There being no objection, the mate tary cooperation and political cohesion. Central America need not become another rial was ordered to be printed in the Guatemala is eager to resume its role as Vietnam. But it has the potential, if the REcoRD, as follows: host. Congress of the United States does not pro Waahington, D.C., SeptUe.mS.b SeEr N20A,T 1E9 83. Fo4u. rT thoe a Uc.tS i.n s choonuclde ret nacnodu rtaog ien sthiset fForrie tnhdeliyr vtiiadteiv aedse oqnu atthee s eucpopnoormt itco, Amdilmltianriys tarantdio dnip ilnoi DBAR CoLLBAGU'B. Having recently returned protection upon negotiations that produce a matic fronts. specific and verifiable guarantee of their se from an eight day factfinding tour to all the The United States has vital interests curity by a specified date soon; or, if the Central American countries except Belize, I within Central America which we did not Contadora process fails to produce that re am more firmly convinced than ever that have in Southeast Asia. quired early result, they should be encour the course set by the Reagan Administra Several significant military differences aged to take appeal from a failed Contadora tion is the only effective one. make it possible for El Salvador to prevail process to the Organization of American I met with heads of state, foreign and de over anti-government terrorists in ways that States. For obvious reasons, the venue for fense ministers, opposition political parties, distinguish this situation from Vietnam. appeal must be the OAS which is responsi members of the media, the clergy, private The Central American nations to whom ble for regional affairs and not the UN Se citizens and independent human rights or we are providing economic, milltary and dip curity Council. ganizations. I dlscovered I was the first U.s. lomatic assistance in our own interests, 5. The OAS should be encouraged to re Senator to visit SandJnlsta Nicaragua during are-with adequate United States support convene as an item of unfinished business the 18-month tour of Ambassador Quainton. in a position to prevent the violent export the special session on Human Rights in Nicaragua. You will recall that during the revolution beyond the borders of Nicaragua. Somoza regime, the OAS took the unprece I found that there exists among Hondu The United States owes adequate support to dented step of interfering with the sover ras, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Guatemala, eignty of a member state and offered sup El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Gua a new cohesion and unity in response to the port and recognition to the Sandinlsta temala, not because these nations are per batnwutihllnloliTesroitn tefhhwaAo ap e rtmrotrtm eeehlteigrh lcerryaweii oe rAcsarsdaseis.d nts ,rm ctm ooohpin ournawegwninss theedtrsrveni uaeetscptshurei ,peob poirnvven re ret ttcrrho Cseyf eiie soov nugnreCtr s, ra otfAaaavrnloindeg nm mAdr ce am iosa Snsclneiam rsrcnewiteocrddraiasiiln .tl taCttrhhihenuoogeedmnnim mstar adeeende iv nmoooro rinfloga u Nct htthriiahtacoseneta,n di brc s,aFa p wgsreiiiuionfcsea usi nof,ntl ididfect lscuawyhbelt lrisoryoiFsiut nnatotlgresdhuy.n ar, h ,btpT u lreofhaom ifterme aas fr itnris es ceasweresut i ni eegtttlh thherhoaiactens ftl PwfaGtbaeiyrerkdce eret tsee hoit dcdevoeete e hsm nrarlsaoteme ncsfHaoesrdta al e UlcrontTir.hweeSyusad.i ,rTnn s kgbe rwe luuWpfyimt-te ihorbnaw fretnelevhcd critae toeoWun sl se itdaen ntetr shhtmi iItoasI oCtst.i c s eoup r mparreoncomqimaneutu spiUi nort.ieeniSsndds.t Ioff tchoen lteiandueinrsg oaf dtehqeusea tnea tlieovnesls a roef cmonilflitdaeryn,t pOoAwSe. rT ihne J Sualnyd 1J9n7ls9t aw lietahd ethrseh ibpa,c wkihnigc ho tfo aonk toWwahradt aics himevoirneg, pa rodgerceesns t iso bbseerinvgan cme adoef economic and diplomatic support, the overwhelming maJority of the population, human rights and the strengthening of Friendly Four will insist upon driving the has yet to hold an election. In sharp con democratic institutions in these nations Contadora process, as indeed, they should. trast, Costa Rica is a fully functioning de which depend upon our assistance, but that It is their future which is at stake. They mocracy; Honduras has a democratically progress is threatened directly by subver have the right to insist that it is they who elected government; and in El Salvador, an sion from Havana and Managua. It would must determine their own destiny. They are other revolutionary government which also be distinctly threatened by withdrawal highly apprehensive that the Contadora came to power at the same time, as did the of the American assistance that provides process will seek to accommodate the Nica SandJnlstas in Nicaragua, held a free and our missions in Central America the lever raguans and CUbans by achieving a negoti honest election monitored by hundreds of age by which we can insist upon and obtain ated "peace" that will simply buy time for a foreign observers and journalists in March reform. currently beleaguered SandJnlsta regime 1982. You will recall that more than 80 per The Friendly Four, Costa Rica, Honduras, and ultimately threaten the same result cent of the voting population exercised its El Salvador and Guatemala, are-I repeat which a U.S.-negotiated "peace" brought to rights, despite a campaign of terrorism to the nations whose future is at stake. They South Vietnam and Cambodia. frighten them away from the polls. have the right to insist that it is they who Based upon my observation and conversa 6. The United States should resume mill must determine their own destiny. Hopeful tions with both the governments and their tary aid to Guatemala and increase econom ly, they will be able to do so by negotiation opposition and the private sector in each of ic assistance from $40 million to at least $50 within a framework provided by the Conta the Friendly Four, I offer the following spe million requested by Ambassador Chapin. dora group. If the negotiations under the cific suggestions that would help further These people deserve our help. Contadora process do not provide these U.S. interests in Central America and lead 7. Our present level of support in Central threatened neighbors of Nicaragua with a to real and enduring peace. America is inadequate. Were we to increase mechanism that assures their verifiable se 1. The U.S. should increase the number of it by half again as much to $1.2 billion, it curity, they will, instead, produce a false American advisors in El Salvador based on would still represent a modest investment in promise of peace and will buy time for San legitimate requirements up to some practi comparison with what we spend elsewhere dinlstas and their backers to expand Marx cal 11mit, say 200. The current requirement where American vital interests are less, and ism by further violence and subversion that no more than 55 advisors be present is much less immediately threatened. More to throughout Central America. absurd: it has produced great hardship and the point, failure to provide adequate mili A negotiated "peace" which does not pro needless contortions in rotating needed per tary, economic and diplomatic support now vide real and verifiable security against the sonnel out of the country to allow others in will simply defer the need to do so to a time threat of Sandinlsta "revolution without so as to not exceed the arbitrary and artifi when it will become far more costly and far frontiers" would, indeed, produce in time cial limit of 55. To put this figure in con- more dangerous. another Vietnam. September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25729 To avoid this and to provide encourage people obJected to being "liberated" by the similar to their own were installed else ment to a new unity among the fledgllng de revolutionary left. The guerrlllas do not where in Central America. The Sandlnistas mocracies of Central America, the United appear to have widespread popular support. set out to implement their slogan "revolu States must demonstrate staying power on In this situation, a mllitary solution to con tion without boundaries." all three fronts-economic, mllitary and dip trol an insurgency is feasible. In 1980, the Sandlnistas, with Cuban ad lomatic. To this end, the United States is tralnlng visers, brought the five main guerrllla fac The United States Congress must support and equipping the Salvadoran Army for in tions from El Salvador together in Mana the Admlnlstration's lnltiatlves if Congess is fantry and small-unit tactics and keeping gua, worked out a unity pact, set up Joint not itself to be guUty of creating a self-ful the soldiers in the field to engage, harass command and control structures, organized f1111ng prophecy by producing another Viet and exhaust· the guerrlllas. We will have tralnlng and logistical support on Nicara nam when, in fact, that result can be avoid trained about 50 percent of the officers and guan soil and provided lnltial arms supplies. ed-but only by adequate and sustained noncommissioned officers by the end of A Salvadoran rebel leader, Marlo Aguinada., demonstrations of U.S. staying power within 1983 in an effort to substitute effective told us that support for tralnlng, logistics the region. combat leaders for those appointed for po and command continues. I have attached, as Appendix A, a recent litical loyalty. As a result, the Army has im In Costa Rica, we were told that the San New York Times guest column on Central proved its morale and field performance and dlnistas are engaged there in a major propa America, written by Mortimer Zuckerman, engaged in its most sustained and aggressive ganda campaign and are encouraging the distinguished editor of Atlantic Month campaign. It has captured the momentum unrest, including infiltration in the north ly. It recounts the changed views towards and substantial mllitary control in much of em provinces. The attempt to destabilize the Central American situation that oc the eastern provinces, particularly in San Costa Rica, a democracy without an army curred to Mr. Zuckerman, after his recent Vicente and Usulutan. The rebels have with since 1948, is the clearest indication of San trip to the region. drawn to remote areas, have not counter-at dlnista intentions. Sincerely, tacked, have limited themselves to hit-and Inside Nicaragua, the Sandlnistas began PETI: WILSON. run attacks and appear to have increasing and continued a program of totalitarian logistical and manpower problems. consolidation of power. The elements of the [From the New York Times, Sept. 1, 1983] In San Vicente, the Government has co broader anti-Somoza coalition were discard ON U.S. LATIN POLICY ordinated its mllitary presence with pro ed one by one-the Roman Catholic grams in health, education, agriculture, Church, other political parties, the press. Because of enormous public confusion transportation and reconstruction to retain The only Jewish community center and syn over the United States' involvement in Cen the area's loyalty after the army leaves. agogue were seized and burned. The Sandi tral America, I recently visited the region This is a phase in an overall National Plan nistas built the largest mllitary force in with a delegation of Congressmen to see it for Reconstruction. The cost of this pro Central America. A CUban-style pattern, first-hand. I went holding political views of gram has been m1n1mal by United States with a widespread CUban presence, has El Salvador and Nicaragua shared by many standards; only $65 milllon in mllitary aid emerged. liberals and centrists in our nation. I re and $230 milllon in economic aid. Even the To contain an interventionist Nicaragua, turned impressed with the effectiveness of guerrllla political leader Ruben Zamora ac Washington sought--unsuccessfully-nego United States policy and convinced that we knowledged to us that if this aid continues, tiations four times to bring about noninter need to be involved the rebels can no longer hope to win the ference in neighboring territory and limits I had thought that in El Salvador we were war. on Nicaragua's mllitary buildup and the in engaged in wrong-headed and dangerous The aid program also serves as leverage stitutionization of democratic opposition to mllitary action on behalf of a repressive against the right-wing mllitary. Only the create internal brakes on aggression. Re Government, and that Washington had United States can influence it to move away buffed diplomatically, the United States failed to address economic and political from a feudal political heritage of violence move militarily, ordering exercises, includ grievances built up after decades of injus and vigilantism. ing fleet deployment. The Central Intelli tice. I went with the impression that the The left feeds off the rigidity of the right gence Agency expanded its support of the guerlllas seemed to have won popular sup and mllitary oppression and develops popu "contras"- the anti-Government guerrillas port for their efforts to revolutionize the lar support by promising to redistribute the that harass the countryside. We continue to political system. My instinct was that this wealth. It also benefits when rightist oligar train and equip the Honduran Army which was only an internal struggle, not an East chies buckle under economic pressures. The Nicaragua considers its most dangerous re West competition, and that once again we best way to d1mlnlsh popular support for a gional milltary adversary. A border shootout were backing the wrong side for the wrong violent Communist revolution is to open up in May with Nicaragua brought about full reason. the political channels and institute agrarian mobilization of the Honduran Army, signal But I returned home with the sense that and economic reform. This can take place ing its participation in any military crisis in United States mllitary support was critical only when there is no widespread military the region. for physical security in the countryside, insurgency. The cumulative military pressure orga which, in turn, is necessary to guarantee or Our pressure brought about last year's nized by the Reagan Adminlstrator has re dinary Salvadorans' ability to make free Salvadoran election and this year's negotia sulted in a major shift in Sandlnista policy. choices. I also concluded that our mllitary tions for drafting a new constitution leading In our meetings with the Sandlnista leader support is essential if we are to persuade the to presidential elections in 1984. Elections ship, we were told that Nicaragua was pre Salvadoran Government to democratize the may be only "one note in the song of democ pared to negotiate verifiable noninterven political process and implement a program racy," as a Salvadoran clergyman put it, but tion in neighboring territories, especially El of agrarian reform and economic develop they represent legitimization of potential ci Salvador. This change appeared to be due ment. The guerrlllas seem to have no larger vilian control over military and paramilitary exclusively to the perception that the a popular base than the Government does: forces. Both have perpetrated atrocities United States had been provoked to the Both sides command support with guns. that, if allowed to continue, will turn the point that a mllitary confrontation was pos In Nicaragua, the Sandianlsta revolution masses implacably hostile. Our pressure is sible. carried the hope for a better and freer life thus necessary on two counts: to prevent an The United States has long supported re after the feudal tyranny of the United extremist left-wing takeover while pushing pressive rightist regimes, sometimes by States-supported Somoza regime. Yet what the Government toward rlghts and democ using our troops. We must develop an alter I found was a Government busily consoli racy. native to such regimes-and those of the dating a left-wing totalitarian state internal However, no amount of change will end left--by opening up Latin American political ly, and aggressively involved in attempting the Salvadoran conflict if Nicaragua, which and economic processes. Our interests are to overthrow its neighbors. It is the pres regionalized the conflict in Central America, involved be cause what happens in Nicara sure of the United States-backed threat of a continues to fuel it. When they took over, gua and El Salvador can affect Mexico or mllitary confrontation that has produced the Sandlnistas feared and hated the United the Panama Canal. Central America is on the Sandlnistas' first clear w1lllngness to ne States because of its patronage of Anastasio our strategic doorstep. We cannot remain gotiate a genuine agreement not to destabi Somoza Debayle and military invasions over above the fray. lize their neighbors. the past 130 years. The Sandlnista hymn is APPENDIX B-PARTIAL LIST OF PERsONS WITH anIgne rEeld S taol vtahdeo rp,o tihnet omfa lsasregse shaacvael sn poot pbueleanr m"Wanei ftyig."h tP aregsaiidnesnt tt hJiem Ymayn qCuai,r teenre amttye mofp hteud TWRHAOL M.A ISIEERNIACTAONR T WRIIPLS ON MET DURING CEN uprising like those in Nicaragua or Colom to offset this by extending economic aid and bia, popular revolt accompanied the guerril friendship, but the Sandlnistas remained PANAMA las offensive in 1980-81, and last year's elec convinced that the revolution would be safe Minister Juan Jose Amado Ill, Minister of tion showed that at least two-thirds of the from our intervention only if governments Foreign Relations and General Paul 25730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983 Gorman, USA, Commander in Chief, U.S. important contribution this Govern highly expensive military deterrent Southern Command. ment can make to the survival of our does little or nothing to deter what are HONDURAS Republic and, indeed, of all mankind is the far more likely causes of a nuclear Minister Edgardo Paz Barnica, Secretary to bring the nuclear arms race under holocaust. of State for Foreign Affairs; Minister Carlos control. I share that view. Editorial With the colossal, hair trigger build Roberto Flores Facusse, Secretary of State comments appeared over the weekend up on both sides, the prospects of war vfAoarrrm ePzer dMe sFaidortericnnecesyz;; , MGCeoemnmebmreaarlns G doeufrs ttihanve Co Dh Aiierdfeo,c lotfoof r tAahtlee tohuar ta rdmrasm caotniztreodl hefofwo rtpsi tairfeu,l layn dfe ehbolwe sbeya racchc icdaenn ts einacrrceha sfoe.r Aanrmd sf incodn wtraoyls roe f thin an understanding we have in this of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force , preventing war through mistake. With a Nicaraguan group opposed to the Sandi country, even among one of the wisest the continuation of the arms race, ad nlsta regime. and best informed commentators. vancing nuclear arms technology will On Saturday the New York Times BL SALVADOR devise nuclear weapons that because carried a letter from Kenneth L. Adel President Alvero Alfredo Magana Borja, in some cases they are cheaper and Provisional President; General Carlos Eu man, the Director of the Arms Control simple will be more readily available genio Vides Casanova, Minister of Defense and Disarmament Agency in which he to more and more countries. The Arms and Public Security; Minister Fidel Chavez defended the meager resources devot Control Agency can and should be ex Mena, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Jose ed to our prime arms control agency Napoleon Duarte Fuentes, Former Presi which he directs. He admitted that pending resources to devise strategies dent, ; Mr. last full Carter year when it was $17.3 Because a third world war could far Amando Calderon, Party Secretary, Nation million to $16 million this year, but he more easily develop between a nuclear anla nRdeepzu, blOicfafinc eA lolifa nLcee g; Mr. Alfonso Robelo not expect the arms control budget to even worse. o rctoe r~ioamna nTiiarnfa .O rBthaordboiex, Akrcnhobwinsh oaps Vathlee in formulating and implementing U.S. arms the difference between the research control policies. We are very well pleased Butcher of Lyons, was a S.S. officer budget for the Defense Department with the concrete steps the President has charged with atrocity after atrocity. and the research budget of the ACDA. taken to strengthen ACDA's funding, staff Tirfa was a member of a Romanian That is about 25,000 to 1. The freeze and clout. The Time's caution regarding pro-Nazi organization, who concealed would rightly or wrongly propose to these moves may be fair at this stage, but his past, and rose to a powerful posi stop the arms race, stop it cold. The the false and incomplete reports in the edi tion in the Romanian Orthodox Reagan proposals would limit some torial are not fair to your readers. Church in America. phases of the arms race, that is, inter Yes, ACDA has regrettably had more than a fair share of woes over the years, includ Recent publicity about the Hitler mediate missiles in Europe, the overall ing some recent problems. But The Time's diaries, which turned out to be forger number of strategic warheads de claims that the agency has experienced a 30 ies, kept attention on Hitler and the ployed by the United States and the percent cut in the budget, "bureaucratic movement he lead to power. Several U.S.S.R. But it would let the arms race butchery," purges and a wipeout of its cen months ago, ex-S.S. officers held are itself and especially the most danger tral records office under the Reagan Admin ous part of the arms race, the techno istration are simply .n ot true. Your com union which ended in violence. These logical competition, speed ahead full ments on the computer, library and re continuing events should keep us ever blast. search budget give an incomplete and inac mindful of what happened 50 years It is too bad the Post cannot under curate picture as well. ago, and what could happen again. stand this. I think the great majority The budget reductions in fiscal years 1981, The world must be informed about 1982 and 1983 were nowhere near 30 per of the American people do. cent. Today ACDA's budget is $16 million the dangers of genocide. Too often, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con compared with expenditures of $17.3 million people have a tendency to ignore, ob sent that the Saturday, September 24 for the last full Carter year (1980>. Our scure, overlook, or just plain forget editorial from the New York Times budget request for next year will take us to what happened. Some, a malignant and the accompanying letter from Di $18.5 million. Moreover, despite much ado few, wish to rewrite history and white rector Adelman be printed at this about an impending "purge" at ACDA, no wash Hitler. Perhaps others are career ACDA official has been fired during point in the RECORD, and that the edi ashamed that mankind could be capa the Reagan Administration. torial from the Sunday, September 25 ble of such horrible acts or believe it All needed computer programs and a core issue of the Washington Post, to computer staff were retained, while other could not happen again. But we mm;t which I have referred, also be printed key analytical personnel from that division not ignore the evidence. In fact, this at this point in the RECORD. were integrated into the ACDA bureaus evidence provides the most powerful There being no objection, the arti they support. One of our computers was reason to use every resource at our cles were ordered to be printed in the moved into the State Department building command to eliminate the possibility RECORD, as follows: where ACDA is housed, and we have con of genocide. tracted for outside computer time to fulfill MR. ADELMAN PROTESTS our additional needs. We must take two complimentary We may have been wrong about the new The ACDA library was not dismantled or actions. Public education will help director of the Arms Control and Disar "shipped off." Part of the collection was keep alive the searing memories of mament Agency, Kenneth Adelman, as his moved under our roof while another part is past genocides and warn us that we letter below insists. We envisioned a con now close by in the George Washington must be vigilant to prevent the spread structive recovery from the Administra University library. Apart from significant tion's repeated budget cuts, personnel cost savings; moving the collection has made of this dread disease. But we can do purges and damaging reorganizations that it much more convenient for ACDA users more by creating an international law took place before his appointment. By deny and scholars. which outlaws genocide. Such a law ing any such butchery, he apparently sees Finally, The Times states that our re would demonstrate that all nations be little need for major improvements. search budget was cut from $6 million a lieve that genocide is abhorrent and Mr. Adelman compares budget figures year to $1 million. In fact, ACDA's research not to be tolerated. that are not comparable and pretends that budget was cut from about $3.5 million to In 1948, in response to the horrors of 1984 dollars have the same value as 1980 just over $1 million a year. Yet from what I dollars. The Administration's original 1984 have seen, no essential research has been the Nazi regime, this Nation lead the request was $16.4 million, one-third less sacrificed to save these tax dollars. If our way in drafting such a law. Shall we than the sum needed to match the 1980 au level of research proves inadequate, it will now abandon our leadership? I answer thorization. The $2 million added last be boosted. "no" and urge the Senate to ratify the month doesn't close the gap. He also under Sound arms control is critical to world sta treaty. states the research cut, again ignoring infla bility, and ACDA is a central force for suc Mr. President, I suggest the absence tion, and seriously misstates its significance. cessful arms control. With the momentum of a quorum. He fudges the even more serious reduction of a reinvigorated agency, I am confident in computer analyses of defense matters. that we can effectively pursue what is one The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Although he had said his goals for the of the most comprehensive arms control clerk will call the roll. agency were "to staff it up and settle it programs offered by a U.S. administration. The assistant legislative clerk pro down from the personnel turmoil," he now KENNETH L. ADELMAN, ceeded to call the roll. glosses over a reduction in authorized per Director, Arms Control and Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask manent staff, by last May, from 199 to 154, Disannament Agency. unanimous consent that the order for the lowest level since 1962. Officials with the quorum call be rescinded. civil service tenure may not have been "fired," but many of ACDA's professionals A HAUNTING ANNIVERSARY The PRESIDING OFFICER. With were removed. Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the out objection, it is so ordered. Our main and hopeful point was that Mr. year 1983 marks the 50th anniversary Adelman, whose appointment we opposed, of Adolf Hitler's rise to power. Within would improve research and make more ne 12 short years, the Nazi government THANKSGIVING gotiable the Administration's bargaining po sitions. His defense of the damage done to he headed had exterminated perhaps Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, at a the agency before he arrived is not reassur 8 million people. This anniversary time when much of the world is en ing. keeps echoing across the half century gulfed with waves of humanism, I find LETTER: FRoM ACDA because we are often reminded of its myself remembering Thanksgiving legacy. morning of 1982 when I attended a BUILDING A BASE FOR ARMS CONTROL WASHINGTON, SEPTEMBER 16, 1983. Former Nazi officials in charge of little Anglican Church in Bern, Swit To THE EDITOR: Your editorial of Aug. 27 extermination still turn up; some are zerland. I had gone abroad at the sug noted the constructive steps President even harbored within this country. gestion of the President, to attend the 25732 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983 GATT Ministerial at Geneva. While in But before we can proceed further and city, in which are more than 120,000 persons Switzerland, I visited Zurich and Bern. apply these blessings and curses either to that cannot discern between their right Mr. President, the minister at St. Ur ourselves or to any other land, we must ask hand and their left hand; and also much sula's Anglican Church in Bern is Rev. the fundamental question whether we or cattle?" Recall how God used Daniel in the JohnS. Keefer, an attractive and elo any other nation are allowed to apply what court of Nebuchadnezzar and Darius to was intended for a nation 3500 years ago to guide the destiny of all the nations and peo quent man. I was inspired by the our situation today? Is it allowed that we ples of the civilized world. Or later, how manner in which he drove home the are gathered together here at St. Ursula's God executed His will for Israel through point that the freedom of mankind is Church in Bern and all across the great Cyrus the King and would call him by the inseparably liked to our Creator. After land of America to give thanks to Almighty prophet Isaiah <4 4:28ff>, "My Shepherd, My the service, noting that the Reverend God for his blessings bestowed upon us-not anointed, whose right hand I have held to Mr. Keefer had preached extempora Just as individuals but as a nation, as a land? subdue nations before him." The same neously, I asked if he would recon Is it proper for example, that there is a prophet Isalah predicted, according to St. struct his sermon paper so that I cross on the top of the Swiss Parliament Paul, the Gospel coming to the Gentiles might share it with my colleagues, and building here in Bern? Or that the English : " ... there shall be a root pray for their "Christian Sovereign" that of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over with others who read the CoNGRES God may spare her, scatter her enemies and the nations; in him shall the nations trust." SIONAL RECORD. make them fall? In other words, dare we assume that we are a 20th century version earth. Hence His title: "King of Kings and Day 1983, I think this splendid sermon of ancient Israel, called by God's Name, and, Lord of Lords". All history looks forward to will be all the more meaningful as we therefore, as recipients of His rich blessings, the day of this world shall become the those th.lngs of commission and omission we Kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ and Mr. President, I ask unanimous con have done so that we would be spared, in He shall reign forever and ever. Just as an sent that the text of the Reverend Mr. tum, the curses? Many especially in our cient Israel as a nation, St. Paul tells us, was Keefer's sermon be printed in the own land, would say a deflnlte "NO!" They removed for a season from the covenant of RECORD at the conclusion of my re would argue that we have no right to Abraham, allowing those blessings to come marks. assume the perogatives of ancient Israel nor upon the Gentiles, so it allows, I believe, There being no objection, the semon does any other land. God is not dealing with that the Gentile nations could be grafted was ordered to be printed in the "nations" anymore as He had with ancient into the covenant tree as RECORD, as follows: Israel but rather only with individuals, call God sees fit. Can we deny, for example, that ing them out of all nations, tribes and in A.D. 312 Constantine, the Roman gener ST. URStJLA'S ANGLICAN CHullCB BERN, tongues from the four comers of the earth al, saw the sign of the Cross in the sky with SW1'1'ZBRLAND into the everlasting Kingdom or nation of the words, "In this Sign conquer", went on "Let the words of my mouth and the His dear Son. Therefore, no nation, as a to defeat his rival Maxentius at the Milvian meditation of my heart, be always accepta nation, can call itself a Christian land. Only bridge in Rome, and thus established Chris ble in Thy sight, 0 Lord, my strength and individuals are Christian. Likewise, there is tianity as the official religion of the Roman my redeemer, Amen" no proper concept of a "national righteous empire, of which we in Europe and America This Thanksgiving morning I would like ness"-only righteous individuals amidst a are the descendants? to draw your attention in particular to the rather lost and fallen nation and world. The "formal" discoverer of the Americas Old Testment lesson in Deuteronomy, chap While granting certain aspects of this was Christopher Columbus, whose entire ter 28, upon which, I am told, the President view, I, nonetheless, think it is fitting that world view was firmly grounded upon bibli lays his hand when he takes his oath of we, as a land, are gathering together to cal prophecies concerning the climax of office. We have read only the first fourteen render to Almighty God the thanks due His world history and the personal return of the verses of this chapter, which tell those Name for all His manifold blessings to us. I Lord Jesus Christ. He believed that Christ's th.lngs which would bring blessing to the think it is also fitting, for example, that we return and the formation of His universal nation of Israel long ago. Moses spoke these stamp on our money, "In God We Trust." I Kingdom could not take place until all na words to Israel right before she was ready to believe, furthermore, that there are both tions and tribeS of the distant isles had been march into Canaan, the Promised Land: theological and historical reasons to make evangelized. Only then could the promised "And it shall come to pass, it thou shalt the claim that the God of our Land is new age come into being. As Columbus hearken dilJ.gently unto the voice of the indeed the God of Abraham, Isaac, and urges his near-mutinous sailors to sail on Lord thy God, to observe and to do all His Jacob, the God of ancient Israel, and that through uncharted seas in the Fall of 1492, commandments which I command thee this we are responsible to Him in all things-in his zeal and assurance were not derived day, that the Lord thy God will set thee on cluding those that involve national life and from love of adventure or greed for gold and high above all nations of the earth; and all righteousness. One could say much on this glory but were founded upon the revealed these blessings shall come on thee, and over subject-too much for this occasion -but I successful outcome of his voyage as confir voice of the Lord thy God." would like to present some theological and mation of the truth of Scripture and the Then follows the catalog of blessings we historical arguments in favor of my thesis. faithfulness of the sovereign God who had have Just heard read. But it must and First of all, God has always been con graciously decreed the opening of new lands should be added that there is a similar cata cerned for entire peoples and nations and and tribes to the Gospel of the Savior Jesus log of curses immediately following the not Just individuals. He chose Israel, in fact, Christ. And so he named this first landfall blessings! Moses continued: as a nation; for we know that even in Israel "San Salvador" <"Holy Savior"). Thinking "But it shall come to pass, it thou wilt not there were individuals who were not worthy more specifically of our great land that hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to be called Israelites . The stretches from sea to shining sea, one is re to observe to do all His commandments and prophet Isalah depicting the greatness of minded of the Spanish settlement in St. Au His statutes which I command thee this God and man's inslgniticance could say gustine, Florida, with its Castillo de San day, that all these curses shall come upon <40:15>: "Behold, the nations are like a drop Marcos and chapel therein. Or Sir Francis thee, and overtake thee. Cursed shall thou from a bucket, and are counted as the small Drake's chaplain reading a Service from the . be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in dust of the balance ..." God sent Joseph to English Prayer Book on St. John the Bap the field. Cursed shall be thy basket and the land of Egypt that through his wisdom tist's Day, June 24, 1579, near what would thy kneading-trough. Cursed shall be the both Israel and Egypt might be spared from later become the beautiful city named for fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, famine. God sent the prophet Jonah to Nin St. Francis. One also thinks of the first per the increase of thy cows, and the flocks of evah that he might preach repentance to a manent English settlement at Jamestown, thy sheep. Cursed shalt thou be when thou city that was facing imminent danger be Virginia, on the other side of the continent, comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when cause of its exceeding wickedness. Much to where the Prayer Book service was institut thou goest out." Jonah's disappointment, everyone in this ed. Or of the Spanish priests and mission And it goes on and on! What is so sobering Gentile city repented, from the king to the aries who evangelized the Southwest, who, is that the list of curses goes on for 54 least of the people; and God spared the city. when they saw those western mountains verses whereas the blessings comprise only Jonah, of course, was angry; and God re turn a deep red as the sun set upon them, 14 verses : called them the Spanish equivalent of first). "And should not I spare Ninevah, that great "Blood of Christ". But perhaps this histori- September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25733 cal connection between our Land and God is lands rising to power at the same time in moon, and the first food eaten there, were shown most dramatically in the coming of history!) consecrated elements. Just before I partook the Pilgrim fathers in 1620, whose rellglous After his tour of America, he wrote down of the elements, I read the words which I beliefs molded and formed our ideals and in his impressions of us and attempted to show had chosen to indicate our trust that as stitutions so strongly and to whom we owe why America was so great. He had seen her man probes into space, we are in fact acting this national feast day of Thanksgiving. fertile lands, her many and great rivers and in Christ [Italics not in the original]. I They, of all the peoples who colonized streams, all her geographical advantages; sensed especially strongly my unity with our America, had a burning conviction that they but that was not where America's greatness church back home, and with the Church ev had a special mission to fulfill in life. They lay because many other countries had the erywhere. I read: 'I am the vine, you are the sincerely believed they had a "divinely ap same. He thought to find the secret of our branches. Whoever remains in me, and I in pointed destiny" and thought of themselves greatness in our growing cities, factories, him, will bear much fruit; for you can do as "being chosen for a special mission in the and manufacturing and rich mineral re nothing without me'." world". They suffered many hardships in sources; but therein alone did not lie her Somehow, when I read that, it made me their Journey across the stormy Atlantic greatness, for many other lands also had feel good and good for America as a land Ocean, yet when they waded ashore at these. He carefully studied her laws and having a claim to being grafted into the Plymouth, Massachusetts, according to democratic institutions but was not con True Vine; for without Him we could not their first governor, Wllllam Bradford, vinced that here was where her secret lay, have accomplished this certainly marvelous "they fell upon their knees and blessed the for some of the laws he felt actually endan achievement for all mankind. Moreover, Lord of Heaven who had brought them over gered her existence. Finally, he concluded through various expressions of the astro the vast and furious ocean, and delivered that the secret to America's greatness lay in nauts we, as a land, gave God, the Creator them from all the perils and miseries there the manners and customs of her people, of the heavens and the earth, the honor and of ..." Before they had landed, they had that is, to the whole moral and intellectual thanks due His Name. Thus, it is indeed our drawn up what is known as the Mayflower condition of her people. He went into our bounden duty and service as a nation to set Compact, which begins: churches, where he heard the preaching of aside a day of national Thanksgiving to Al "In the name of God, Amen. We whose righteousness; and there he discovered why mighty God for His manifold blessings to us names are under-written ... having under America was great. He said that on his ar as a nation and as individuals, to ask His taken, for the glory of God and advance rival in the United States the religious forgiveness for our national and personal ment of the Christian Faith and honor of aspect of the country was the first thing sins, and to implore His continued guidance, our King and country, a voyage to plant the that struck his attention and that there was protection, and blessing upon our land, fam first colony in the northern parts of Virgin- no country in the world where the Christian ilies, and people as we seek to do His will ia ..." religion retained a greater influence over and be that "City set upon an Hill". Our nation was, therefore, founded "for the souls of men than in America! America In closing I would like to add that it is the glory of God and advancement of the was great because America was good; and if easy to criticize your country just as your Christian Faith"! Later, when God blessed America ceased to be good, she would cease own family because you live with all the their efforts, they came together and held a to be great. That is saying only in other faults everyday; and we have our share of great feast to give thanks for His bounte words what the Puritan fathers believed faults. Furthermore, from what I can ousness to them. We, their children, cele and what God through Moses had said to gather the problems back home are in a brate that occasion today. Later in 1630, Israel long ago before they entered the pretty "healthy" state. : wonder if we are not the recipients of some setts Bay Colony, wrote: "I call heaven and earth to record this day of the curses instead of the blessings.> But "We shall find that the God of Israelis against you, that I have set before you life having lived outside the United States for among us, when ten of us shall be able to and death, blessing and cursing; therefore, awhile and experienced how other people resist a thousand of our enemies, when He choose life, that both thou and thy seed act and think, I find myself saying again shall make us praise and glory ... For we may live." and again, "God bless America". We at least must consider that we shall be as a City I take you forward in history now to are trying to do something right; we intend upon a Hill ..•" recent events of our land and the world: to do what is right. We shall be singing the This same Mr. Winthrop gave as his fore that of space and moon exploration. Had hymn, "America, the Beautiful", and I most motive for founding a settlement in another nation done in space what we have would like to draw your attention particu America, "the carrying of the Gospel into done, would the world have heard the glory larly to those words which are my prayer America and erecting a bulwark against the of God being proclaimed from space by the and aspiration for our land: kindom of Antichrist." Later, when the Arti reading of Genesis 1, "In the beginning God "America; America; May God thy gold cles of Confederation were drawn up, they ..." ? Surely not by the astronauts of the refine, began: "Whereas, we all come into these other superpower, one of whom boldly and T111 all success be nobleness, and every parts of America with one and the same foolishly proclaimed God did not exist be gain divine." end; namely to advance the Kindom of our cause he had looked around out there and Let us pray: Almighty God, who hast Lord Jesus Christ and to enjoy the liberties did not see Him! Many of us remember the given us this good land for our heritage; we of the Gospel in purity ... ." It is obvious, astronauts reading from the Bible on humbly beseech thee that we may always therefore, that the First Amendment to our Christmas Eve as they sped toward the prove ourselves a people mindful of thy Constitution was never intended as a sepa moon; but I suspect few of us knew what favour and glad to do thy will. Bless our ration between God and the State; rather, Buzz Aldrin, a devout Christian, did upon land with honorable industry, sound learn only a separation between an established landing on the moon: he took Holy Com ing, and pure manners. Save us from vio Church such as existed in Europe and Eng munion! He describes it this way : Defend our liberties, and fashion into one Alexis de Tocqueville

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