ZIONISM AND ARABISM IN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL ZIONISM AND ARABISM IN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL Edited by ELIE KEDOURIE and SYLVIA G.HAIM FRANK CASS First published 1982 in Great Britain by FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED Gainsborough House, 11 Gainsborough Road, London, E11 1RS, England This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” and in the United States of America by FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED c/o Biblio Distribution Centre 81 Adams Drive, P.O. Box 327, Totowa, N.J. 07511 Copyright © 1982 Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel. 1. Palestine—Politics and government I. Kedourie, Elie II. Haim, Sylvia G 956.940(cid:127) 4 DS126 ISBN 0-203-98801-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7146-3169-8 (Print Edition) All rights reserved. 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Contents PREFACE vi NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS viii THE YISHUV, SIR HERBERT SAMUEL, AND THE ARAB 1 QUESTION IN PALESTINE, 1921–25 Neil Caplan ARAB REBELLION AND TERRORISM IN PALESTINE 1929– 53 39: THE CASE OF SHEIKH Izz AL-DIN AL-QASSAM AND HIS MOVEMENT Shai Lachman THE MILITARY FORCE OF ISLAM: THE SOCIETY OF THE 101 MUSLIM BRETHREN AND THE PALESTINE QUESTION, 1945–48 Thomas Mayer THE ARAB STATES AND PALESTINE 119 Aaron S.Klieman THE ANGLO-AMERICAN COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ON 139 PALESTINE 1945–46: THE ZIONIST REACTION RECONSIDERED Joseph Heller HUSNI AL-BARAZI ON ARAB NATIONALISM IN PALESTINE 173 Allen H.Podet ‘WITHDRAWAL WITHOUT RECOMMENDATIONS’: 185 BRITAIN’S DECISION TO RELINQUISH THE PALESTINE MANDATE, 1947 Amitzur Ilan JEWISH EMIGRATION AND SOVIET-ARAB RELATIONS, 211 1954–67 Yaacov Ro’i v THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN-ISRAELI RELATIONS TO 229 THE YOM KIPPUR WAR: NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY Ibrahim A.Gambari INTEGRATION OF ARABS IN AN ISRAELI PARTY : THE 241 CASE OF MAPAM, 1948–54 Yael Yishai Preface The ten studies published in this volume were submitted, and accepted, for publication in Middle Eastern Studies. But it has seemed to the Editors that these studies, tackling as they do various issues stemming from the long drawn out conflict between Arabism and Zionism before and after the establishment of Israel, form a coherent collection and could, with advantage, be published together—hence the present volume. The studies fall into a number of well- defined groups. The first three chapters reconsider aspects of Arab-Jewish relations and the Arab struggle against Zionism from the arrival of Sir Herbert Samuel in Palestine until the end of the Mandate. New light is here thrown on Zionist attitudes to the Arab question, on the beginnings of the Arab armed struggle against the Mandate and Jewish settlement, and on the character of the intervention by the Muslim Brethren in the affairs of Palestine during the last years of the Mandate. The next four chapters are concerned with the diplomatic events and the political decisions leading to the abandonment of the Mandate by Great Britain. Here, too, issues are raised and questions posed which stimulate thought and give rise to further questions. Chapters eight and nine relate to the diplomatic history of Israel and of the Arab-Israeli conflict. They illustrate how the Palestine question, from being a relatively local and minor question at its beginnings, now has multifarious and world-wide ramifications. Finally, the last chapter deals with an aspect of the political and economic life of town Arabs of Palestine who, through the accident of war, now find themselves Israeli citizens. E.K. S.G.H. Due to the high cost of printing, it has been decided to eliminate diacritical marks in transliteration, except in a few cases where ambiguity could arise. Notes on Contributors Neil Caplan, author of Palestine Jewry and the Arab Question, 1917–1925 (Cass, 1978) and Futile Diplomacy: A Documentary Study of Arab-Zionist Negotiation Attempts (forthcoming), teaches Humanities at Vanier College, Montreal. Shai Lachman teaches at the Department of Middle Eastern History of the University of Haifa. From 1972 to 1975 he was Coordinator of the Middle East Research Unit in the Harry S.Truman Research Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. At present he is preparing his Ph.D. thesis. Thomas Mayer has studied Modern History of the Muslim Countries at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and is currently a Ph.D. student at the London School of Economics. Aaron S.Klieman is senior lecturer in International Relations and former chairman, Department of Political Science, Tel-Aviv University. Visiting professor at Georgetown University (1979–80), he is author of Foundations of British Policy in the Arab World. Joseph Heller is senior lecturer in the Departments of International Relations and Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His book on British Policy towards the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1914 is soon to appear, and he is currently completing another book on The Emergence of the State of Israel, 1945–1948. Allen Podet is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at New York State University College, Buffalo, New York. He has done primary research at the U.S. Department of State and the Foreign and Colonial Offices, and has lectured extensively in the United States, England and Germany. He is producing a book on post-war Palestine. Amitzur Ilan is a Research Fellow at the Institute for Zionist Research of Tel- Aviv University, and a Senior Associate Member of St Antony’s College, Oxford. He is the author of America, Britain and Palestine (Jerusalem 1979). Yaacov Ro’i is Head of the Russian and East European Research Center at Tel Aviv University and Senior Lecturer in Russian History there. He is the author of From Encroachment to Involvement (John Wiley and Israel ix Universities Press, 1974) and Soviet Decision Making in Practice: Soviet- Israeli Relations, 194 7–1954 (Transaction, forthcoming), and editor of The Limits to Power (Croom Helm and St Martin’s, 1979). Ibrahim A.Gambari, formerly an Assistant Professor at State University of New York, Albany, is now Senior Lecturer in Political Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. He is editor of Nigerian Journal of Political Science, and his book, Party Politics and Foreign Policy: Nigeria 1960–65, has just been published by Ahmadu Bello University Press. Yael Yishai is a graduate of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem where she received her PhD in Political Science (1976). She is currently a Senior Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Haifa. Her publications include a book and numerous articles on interest groups and political parties in Palestine and Israel.