young adult literature young adult literature from romance to realism michael cart A L A MERICAN IBRARY SSOCIATION C 2010 HICAGO ALA Editions purchases fund advocacy, awareness, and accreditation programs for library professionals worldwide. Michael Cart is a nationally known expert in young adult literature, which he taught at UCLA before his recent relocation to the Midwest. A columnist and reviewer for ALA’s Booklist magazine, he is also the author or editor of twenty books and countless articles that have appeared in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, Parents Magazine, American Libraries, School Library Journal, and elsewhere. Cart served as president of both the Young Adult Library Services Association and the Assembly on Literature for Adolescents of the National Council of Teachers of English. He received the 2000 Grolier Award and was the first recipient (2008) of the YALSA/Greenwood Publishing Group Service to Young Adults Award. In addition, he appointed and chaired the task force that created the Michael L. Printz Award and subsequently chaired the 2006 Printz Committee. © 2011 by the American Library Association. Any claim of copyright is subject to applicable limitations and exceptions, such as rights of fair use and library copying pursuant to Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act. No copyright is claimed in content that is in the public domain, such as works of the U.S. government. ISBN: 978-0-8389-1045-0 Printed in the United States of America 15 14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1 While extensive effort has gone into ensuring the reliability of the information in this book, the publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cart, Michael. Young adult literature : from romance to realism / Michael Cart. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8389-1045-0 (alk. paper) 1. Young adult fiction, American--History and criticism. 2. Young adult literature--History and criticism. 3. Teenagers--Books and reading-- United States. 4. Teenagers in literature. I. Title. PS374.Y57C37 2010 813.009’92837--dc22 2010013674 Book design in Liberation Serif and Museo Slab by Casey Bayer. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). ALA Editions also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. For more information, visit the ALA Store at www.alastore.ala.org and select eEditions. For Jack Ledwith Still and always the best of friends