A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page i Why Do You Need This New Edition? If you re wondering why you should buy this eleventh edition of Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, here are 7 good reasons! * Over 40 brand new readingsspan the disciplines and help stimulate your writing by offering new, engaging perspectives on all themes found in Part II: An Anthology of Readings. + A new Chapter 7, The Changing Landscape of Work in the Twenty- rst Century challenges you to rethink the dynamic role of work in contemporary society and examines how the workplace of to- day is distinctly different from that of our parents and grandparents generations. Drawing on such disciplines as economics, management consulting, sociology, labor statistics, history, and education, the chapter provides a wide variety of perspectives to stimulate your thinking and writing. , Green Power moves to the forefront in an all-new Chapter 8. Cutting-edge coverage offers numerous opportunities to think and write about the hot topics of climate crisis and renewable energy. Scienti c re- search, reportage, and individual analyses presented by scientists, environ- mentalists, businesspeople, members of government, and journalists at the heart of the debate will help you develop your own position on global warming and energy independence. - An updated Chapter 11, New and Improved: Six Decades of Advertising, features a new section on TV commercials, in addition to 28 full-page print ads from popular American magazines of the mid-1940s through today. This wealth of carefully selected advertisements and commercials will prompt you to analyze and comment upon our changing cultural and consumerist values. . An enhanced Chapter 13, Obedience to Authority, revisits Stanley Milgrams groundbreaking obedience experiment with a contemporary replication of this famous study. These experiments, along with Solomon Aschs and Philip Zimbardos work on groupthink provide an in-depth look at the social forces that in uence individual behavior. New readings each providing a distinctive scienti c or literary perspective illustrate both thedanger and the powerful appeal of blind obedience to authority. / Chapter 1, Summary, presents a new article by economist Alan Blinder Will Your Job Be Exported? as the basis for a fresh example summary.A revised section on Summarizing Figures and Tablesfeatures new material on energy production and consumption. Strategies for careful reading prepare you to highlight key information and make notes to- wards summarizing college-level materials. 0 Chapter 5, Argument Synthesis, features a new model synthesis focusing on the debate over student privacy rights and campus safety in the wake of the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting. Employing articles, editori- als, investigative reports, and the law as sources, the argument synthesis demonstrates how to fully support a well-developed position on a complex topic. A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page ii A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page iii Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum ELEVENTH EDITION Laurence Behrens University of California Santa Barbara Leonard J. Rosen Bentley University Longman Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page iv Executive Editor: Suzanne Phelps Chambers Editorial Assistant: Erica Schweitzer Senior Marketing Manager: Sandra McGuire Senior Media Producer: Stefanie Liebman Senior Supplements Editor: Donna Campion Production Manager: Savoula Amanatidis Project Coordination and Text Design: Elm Street Publishing Services Electronic Page Makeup: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Cover Design Manager: Wendy Ann Fredericks Cover Designer: Kay Petronio Photo Researcher: Julie Tesser Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Dennis J. Para Printer and Binder: Edwards Brothers, Inc. Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color Corporation For permission to use copyrighted material, grateful acknowledgment is made to the copyright holders on pp. 757 762, which are hereby made part of this copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Behrens, Laurence. Writing and reading across the curriculum / Laurence Behrens, Leonard J. Rosen. 11th ed. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-205-72765-4 1. College readers. 2. Interdisciplinary approach in education Problems, exercises, etc. 3. English language Rhetoric Problems, exercises, etc. 4. Academic writing Problems, exercises, etc. I. Rosen, Leonard J. II. Title. PE1417.B396 2010 808'.0427 dc22 2009022629 Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EDW 13 12 11 10 ISBN-13: 978-0-205-72765-0 ISBN-10: 0-205-72765-4 A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page v T o : K e i k o a n d C h a r l o t t e A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page vi D e t a i l e d C o n t e n t s Preface for Instructors xxii A Note to the Student xxx Part I How to Write Summaries, Critiques, Syntheses, and Analyses 1 Chapter 1 Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation 3 What Is a Summary? 3 Can a Summary Be Objective? 3 Using the Summary 4 BOX:Where Do We Find Written Summaries? 4 The Reading Process 5 BOX:Critical Reading for Summary 6 How to Write Summaries 7 BOX:Guidelines for Writing Summaries 7 Demonstration: Summary 8 WILLYOURJOBBEEXPORTED? Alan S.Blinder 8 Read,Reread,Highlight 13 Divide into Stages of Thought 14 Write a Brief Summary of Each Stage of Thought 15 Write a Thesis: A Brief Summary of the Entire Passage 16 Write the First Draft of the Summary 19 Summary 1: Combine Thesis Sentence with Brief Section Summaries 19 The Strategy of the Shorter Summary 20 Summary 2: Combine Thesis Sentence, Section Summaries, and Carefully Chosen Details 20 The Strategy of the Longer Summary 22 How Long Should a Summary Be? 22 EXERCISE 1.1:Individual and Collaborative Summary Practice 23 vi A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page vii Detailed Contents vii Summarizing Figures and Tables 23 Bar Graphs 25 Pie Charts 27 EXERCISE 1.2:Summarizing Graphs 27 EXERCISE 1.3:Summarizing Pie Charts 28 Line Graphs 28 EXERCISE 1.4:Summarizing Line Graphs 29 Tables 29 EXERCISE 1.5:Summarizing Tables 33 Paraphrase 33 BOX:How to Write Paraphrases 35 EXERCISE 1.6:Paraphrasing 36 Quotations 36 Choosing Quotations 37 Quoting Memorable Language 37 BOX:When to Quote 38 Quoting Clear and Concise Language 38 Quoting Authoritative Language 39 Incorporating Quotations into Your Sentences 40 Quoting Only the Part of a Sentence or Paragraph That You Need 40 Incorporating the Quotation into the Flow of Your Own Sentence 40 Avoiding Freestanding Quotations 41 EXERCISE 1.7:Incorporating Quotations 41 Using Ellipses 41 Using Brackets to Add or Substitute Words 42 BOX:When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote 43 BOX:Incorporating Quotations into Your Sentences 44 EXERCISE 1.8:Using Brackets 45 Avoiding Plagiarism 45 BOX:Rules for Avoiding Plagiarism 47 Chapter 2 Critical Reading and Critique 48 Critical Reading 48 Question 1: To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her Purpose? 48 Writing to Inform 49 BOX:Where Do We Find Written Critiques? 49 A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page viii viii Detailed Contents Evaluating Informative Writing 50 Writing to Persuade 50 EXERCISE 2.1:Informative and Persuasive Thesis Statements 51 Evaluating Persuasive Writing 52 WEARENOTCREATEDEQUALINEVERYWAY Joan Ryan 52 EXERCISE 2.2:Critical Reading Practice 53 Persuasive Strategies 54 Logical Argumentation: Avoiding Logical Fallacies 55 BOX:Tone 56 EXERCISE 2.3:Understanding Logical Fallacies 59 Writing to Entertain 59 Question 2: To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author? 60 Identify Points of Agreement and Disagreement 60 EXERCISE 2.4:Exploring Your Viewpoints in Three Paragraphs 60 Explore the Reasons for Agreement and Disagreement: Evaluate Assumptions 61 Critique 62 BOX:Guidelines for Writing Critiques 63 How to Write Critiques 64 Demonstration: Critique 64 To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her Purpose? 64 To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author? Evaluate Assumptions 65 MODELCRITIQUE: A CRITIQUEOF WEARENOTCREATEDEQUALINEVERY WAY BYJOANRYAN Eric Ralston 66 EXERCISE 2.5:Informal Critique of the Model Critique 70 BOX:Critical Reading for Critique 70 The Strategy of the Critique 71 Chapter 3 Introductions,Theses,and Conclusions 72 Writing Introductions 72 Quotation 73 Historical Review 73 Review of a Controversy 74 From the General to the Speci c 75 Anecdote and Illustration: From the Speci c to the General 75 Question 76 A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page ix Detailed Contents ix Statement of Thesis 77 EXERCISE 3.1:Drafting Introductions 78 Writing a Thesis 78 The Components of a Thesis 79 Making an Assertion 79 Starting with a Working Thesis 80 Using the Thesis to Plan a Structure 81 BOX:How Ambitious Should Your Thesis Be? 82 EXERCISE 3.2:Drafting Thesis Statements 83 Conclusions 83 Statement of the Subjects Signi cance 84 Call for Further Research 85 Solution/Recommendation 86 Anecdote 87 Quotation 87 Question 88 Speculation 89 EXERCISE 3.3:Drafting Conclusions 90 Chapter 4 Explanatory Synthesis 91 What Is a Synthesis? 91 Purpose 92 BOX:Where Do We Find Written Syntheses? 92 Using Your Sources 93 Types of Syntheses: Explanatory and Argument 93 Explanation: News Article from the New York Times 94 PRIVATEGETS3 YEARSFORIRAQPRISONABUSE David S.Cloud 94 Argument: Editorial from the Boston Globe 95 MILITARYABUSE 95 How to Write Syntheses 97 BOX:Guidelines for Writing Syntheses 97 The Explanatory Synthesis 99 Demonstration: Explanatory Synthesis The Car of the Future? 99 EXERCISE 4.1:Exploring the Topic 99 THEFUELSUBSIDYWENEED Ricardo Bayon 100 PUTTINGTHEHINDENBURGTOREST Jim Motavalli 101 A01_BEHR7650_11_SE_FM.QXD 11/6/09 5:19 PM Page x x Detailed Contents USINGFOSSILFUELSINENERGYPROCESSGETSUS NOWHERE Jeremy Rifkin 103 LOTSOFHOTAIRABOUTHYDROGEN Joseph J.Romm 105 Consider Your Purpose 107 EXERCISE 4.2:Critical Reading for Synthesis 108 Formulate a Thesis 108 Decide How You Will Use Your Source Material 109 Develop an Organizational Plan 110 Summary Statements 110 Write the Topic Sentences 112 BOX:Organize a Synthesis by Idea, Not by Source 113 Write Your Synthesis 113 Model Explanatory Synthesis (First Draft) 114 THEHYDROGENFUEL-CELLCAR Janice Hunte 114 Revise Your Synthesis: Global,Local,and Surface Revisions 121 Revising the First Draft: Highlights 122 Global 122 Local 122 Surface 122 EXERCISE 4.3:Revising the Explanatory Synthesis 122 Model Explanatory Synthesis (Final Draft) 123 THECAROFTHEFUTURE? Janice Hunte 123 BOX:Critical Reading for Synthesis 131 Chapter 5 Argument Synthesis 132 What Is an Argument Synthesis? 132 The Elements of Argument: Claim,Support,and Assumption 133 EXERCISE 5.1:Practicing Claim, Support, and Assumption 134 The Three Appeals of Argument: Logos,Ethos,Pathos 134 Logos 134 EXERCISE 5.2:Using Deductive and Inductive Logic 136 Ethos 137 EXERCISE 5.3:Using Ethos 137 Pathos 138 EXERCISE 5.4:Using Pathos 139 The Limits of Argument 139