WIRJiliiEI� & Cl�llliiiC ANDO THEERS SAYS ""' GEOrtGI LUIIKACS WIRJTEI� & CI�ITIC ANDO THERE SSAYS Workbsy G eorLgu kacpsu blisbhyeT dh eU niverLsiablr ary ESSAYSO N THOMAS MANN GOETHE AND HISA GE STUDIESI NE UROPEAN REALISM WlRJilllEl� & ClRJillliC AND OTHERE SSAYS GEORLGU KACS Editaendd t ranslated by ArthuDr. K ahnP,h .D. ChairmDaenp,a rtmoefnC tl assics BrocUkn iverOsnittayr,Ci aon,a da ' TheU niverLsiablr ary Publishers GROSSET & DUNLAP New York A NATIONAL GENERAL COMPANY @ THE MERLIN PRESS LTD. 1970 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER: 73-158769 ISBN:0 -448-025(00H-a0r d) ISBN:0 -448-002(59S-o0f t) UNIVERSAL LIBRARY EDITION,1 971 BY ARRANGEMENT WITH THE MERLIN PRESS LTD. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents Page Preface 7 Art andO bjectiTvreu th 25 Marxa ndE ngeolnsA esthetics 61 The Ideaolf t heH armonioMuasn m Bourgeois Aesthetics 89 Healthoyr S icAkr t? 103 NarraotreD escribe? 110 TheI ntellePchtyusailo gnionmC yh aracterizati1o4n9 TheW ritearn dt heC ritic 189 PushkiPnl'asc ien W orldL iterature 227 Preface THE essaasysse mbleidn t hibso oko riginaaplpleya riend Moscowa ndB udapedsutr intgh et hirtainesdf ortitesh,ai ts , undetrh eS talainndR akorseig imIetsi .sn oth artdo s eteo day thatth em aind irectoifto hne se ewsassai ynos p posittioto hne dominalnitt ertahreyo royft het ime. Stalhiinfs o alnldo wers demandetdh atl iteraptruorvei tdaec tiscuaplp otrott heir currepnotl itipcoalli ciAecsc.o rdingallyla, r tw as tobe subordinabtoetidh,n t hep ositainvden egatisveen steo,t hese needsO.n lya cceptacbhlaer actaenrdss ituatiiodnesaa,sn d emotiownesr et obe introducoendl,ym ateriaadla ptetdo theipro licainedsn othinggo inbge yontdh espeo liciAses . everyoknneo wsn,o o penp olemiwcesr ep ossibdluer intgh at perioYde.tI d idp rotescto nsistaegnatilnsysu tc ah c onception ofl iteraAt urreev.i voafMl a rxa ndL eninv'ise wrse garding thec omplicadtieadl ecrtiiccih,n c ontradicbteitowne,et nh e politaincdas lo cipaols itioofwn rsi tearnsdt heiarc tuwaolr ks, ranc ountteorZ hdanovp'rse scripItnie oxnpso.u ndisnugc h ands imilvaire wtsh rouagnha lyosfesa Balzaocra TolstIo y, noto nloyff eread t heoriyno pposittioto hneo fficialli nbeu t alsboy cleairm plicaat icorni tioqfut eh eo fficialli terature. As manyd ocuments tahtotseIes c tr,i ticwiezreewd e lalw are ofw hatI w asd oing. Thee xamplIea sd ducetdoc ontrwaisttth h eg reawto rkosf thep aswte ren ots elecftreodm socliiatleirsatat luornebe u t fromw orkosf d ecadebnotu rgesocihso oalsws e lTlh.e r eason wasn ots imptlayc tiDcuarli.n tgh et hirtmiyes R ussifarni ends andI weren ott heo nloyn ecsr itiocfat lh ea rtisqtuiacl ities ofs ocialliitsetr aTthuerrewe.as ,i na dditinoons ,m alglr oup whow erep reparteodc utt hemselovffe fsr omt heR ussian realistic tradiistt,hi eot nrsa di(ttoihfoaT notsl stCohye,k hov, Gorkia ndS holokhaonvd)w eres eekian sgo lutitootn h eir 7 8 PREFACE aestheptriocb lemsa nai pnp ropriaotfti hoenJ oyceasnt yle. Theye ven consitdheenr aetdu raliinsf ma shiaotnt het ime, the" newo bjectivwiittyih"t t se chnioqfuj eo urnalmiosnt­ic tageas, ap ossibelffee ctinveewd irectMiyo nc.r itisctauld ies thuwse red irectaegda intswto f ron:ts a gaintshtes chematic deadlesisn and impoverishomfe snotc ialliistte rataunrde againtshto se movementssa lsveaetkiiinfon ongl lowWiensgt ern avant-garde schoIo tlhsi.n bkaW chkte not hipse riondo w, moret hatnh iryteya rlsa teIrfi ,n dt hisst rugognlt ew of ronts evenm orep rofounjdulsyt itfiheadIn didt henF.o ri fc ertain exponeonftt sh ea rtisatviacn t-ganrodwre e prestehnetm selves asi nveteraanttei -Staltihneicysa tnds o,s oo nlbeyc austeh eir worko ft hapte riohdas properflayl liennt oob liviIonnf .a ct, itd idn otd ifefra ta lplh ilosophaincdap lollyi tifcraolmlt yh e crassn aturalainsdsm c hematoismf t heS tali"nciosnts truction novels". I soughotn,t heo thehra ndt,o r evitvheer ealitsrta ditoifo n richnienssc onteanntdf orman dt oc ombatth eb arrsecnh ema­ tisomf t heo fficialli terantoutor nel iyn r egatrodi ttse chnique andi tsar tistaipcp roacbuht a lsion r egartdo i tfsu nda­ mentaplr inciprleegsa rditnhge r epresentoaft ipoeonp le andl ifaen dt oo pent hew ayt hroumgyh critictismoa new great literatuorfee nccaopmapbaslseil nigfin e thea geo f socialism. Suchw ast her ationfaoltreh ees saysa ssemblheedr eI.ft hey aret or eappenaorwa q uartceern tulrayt ienra newl anguage, thirsa tionmaulsetb eu nderstoeovde tnh ougahn u nderstand­ ingo ft hirsa tionalaolneec annojtu sttihfeyri era ppearaInnc e. facth,o wever, prtohbel ewmhsi cthh eyt reahta ven otl ost theisri gnificaanndcm ea yh avee vemno rem eaninngo wt han att heiorr igipnuabll ication. My frieAnrdt huKra hn,w hoh as painstaktirnagnlsyl ated these essaywsas,, i nm y opinieonnt,i rceolryr eicnet l iminating fromt het expto lemipcesr tinaetnt th et imoef p ublicaitni on ordebry,t hipsr unintgo,e xposmeo reef fectivwehlayt i so f lastsiinggn ificaAsn ac ree.s uolftt h ise dititnhge, tperxeste nted int hisv olumiese ntirreellye vtaonc tu rrepnrto bleImnsd.e ed thec ontemporsairgyn ificoafnt chee sesesa ysi sa ttesbtyet dh e