Nijay K.Gupta Worship that Makes Sense to Paul Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche Herausgegeben von James D. G. Dunn · Carl R.Holladay Hermann Lichtenberger · Jens Schröter Gregory E. Sterling · Michael Wolter Band 175 De Gruyter Nijay K. Gupta Worship that Makes Sense to Paul A New Approach to the Theology and Ethics of Paul’s Cultic Metaphors De Gruyter ISBN 978-3-11-022889-2 e-ISBN 978-3-11-022890-8 ISSN 0171-6441 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Gupta,NijayK. WorshipthatmakessensetoPaul:anewapproachtothetheologyand ethicsofPaul’sculticmetaphors/NijayK.Gupta. p.cm.-(BeiheftezurZeitschriftfürdieneutestamentlicheWissen- schaftunddieKundederälterenKirche,ISSN0171-6441;Bd.175) Basedontheauthor’sdoctoralthesis. Includesbibliographicalreferences (p. )andindexes. ISBN978-3-11-022889-2(hardcover23*15,5:alk.paper) 1.Bible.N.T.EpistlesofPaul-Criticism,interpretation,etc. 2.Wor- ship-Biblicalteaching. 3.MetaphorintheBible. I.Title. BS2650.52.G87 2010 2271.066-dc22 2010021489 BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternetathttp://dnb.d-nb.de. ”2010WalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,Berlin/NewYork Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen (cid:2)Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements When I had imagined researching and writing a doctoral thesis, upon which this book is based, I assumed it was a lonesome and isolated endeavor, where one is shut up in a small study or tucked away in the nook of the library. I am surprised and relieved that my experience was nothing like this scenario. It is fitting, then, to give special thanks to the many people who influenced me and assisted me in various ways. I have been twice blessed by having two supervisors who have invested much time and thought in my research. Dr. Stephen Barton has shaped my thinking and writing in innumerable ways, always prodding me to see the text afresh. I also benefited greatly from a postgraduate seminar on Social- Scientific Criticism and the New Testament where Dr. Barton introduced me to the work of people like Mary Douglas, Peter Berger, and Clifford Geertz. Dr. Barton also has a careful eye for detail and helped me to write as clearly and cogently as possible. Prof. Barclay has been a rewarding dialogue partner as well and pushed me to clarify and refine my argument time and time again. His seminar on Paul and His Interpreters is where I first encountered the works of Käsemann, Bultmann, and Barth. My love for Pauline theology owes a great debt to Prof. Barclay. Many others at Durham are worthy of mention. The cohort of students with whom I spent many hours studying in ‘the Bailey rooms’ provided a stimulating atmosphere to discuss academic matters (and more!). I wish to extend special thanks to Ben Blackwell, Kristian Bendoraitis, and John Goodrich. Several present and former staff members at Durham kindly discussed my research with me including Profs. Moberly, Hayward, Barrett, and Cranfield. Prof. James Dunn was an ongoing source of wisdom and encouragement as we discussed theology and scholarship. Those who gave generously of their time and energy to offer advice, share unpublished research, or read portions of my work extend far beyond the limits of Durham. A host of colleagues and scholars involved themselves in my research in one way or another: Reider Aasgaard, Roy Ciampa, Jerry Sumney, Ben Witherington III, David Horrell, Volker Rabens, David deSilva, Todd Still, and Eddie Adams. Michael J. Gorman read some key portions of my work and provided invaluable feedback. I wish to also acknowledge the support of my family: Amy, Simryn, and Aidan. Simryn was born just before the beginning of this project. Aidan was vi Acknowlegements born just before the end. They have brought my spirits up on many occasions when the ‘books’ got me down. My wife, Amy, has walked by my side through this long academic journey and has inspired me in countless ways. Her contribution to my work goes far beyond the helpful comments she made on portions of my thesis that she read. My parents, Mohinder and Sudesh Gupta, have supported my research from beginning to end and I cannot measure their love for me. They have never failed to help me accomplish whatever I feel called to pursue. I would not have been able to complete this thesis without their aid. Lastly, I wish to thank God for the energy and wisdom to carry out this academic labor of love that is here in print form. The subject matter is about worship and I hope it is received by him as an act of it as well. Soli Deo gloria. Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt ANTC Abingdon New Testament Commentary BAGD Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament BNTC Black’s New Testament Commentary BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly DLNTD Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments DPL Dictionary of Paul and His Letters EDNT Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology ICC International Critical Commentary JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement JTS Journal of Theological Studies LNTS Library of New Testament Studies NIB New Interpreter’s Bible NIBC New International Bible Commentary viii Abbreviations NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary NovT Novum Testamentum NovTSup Novum Testamentum Supplement NRSV New Revised Standard Version (Bible) NTD Neue Testament Deutsch NTL New Testament Library NTS New Testament Studies PNTC Pillar New Testament Commentary RBL Review of Biblical Literature RSPT Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series SP Sacra Pagina TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament THNT Two Horizons New Testament TNTC Tyndale New Testament Commentary WBC Word Biblical Commentary WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche ZThK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................... v Abbreviations ................................................................................. vii Introduction ...................................................................................... 1 Part I: Issues and Approaches Chapter One: The Theology of Paul’s Cultic Metaphors: A History of Research .................................................................. 9 Chapter Two: Methodology and Terminology ............................... 27 Part II: Exegesis of Cultic Metaphors Chapter Three: 1 Thessalonians and 1 Corinthians ....................... 55 Chapter Four: 2 Corinthians .......................................................... 87 Chapter Five: Romans ................................................................. 107 Chapter Six: Philippians .............................................................. 137 Part III: Synthesis of Key Correlations Chapter Seven: New Life and Service to God ............................. 155 Chapter Eight: From Body of Death to Temple of Life ............... 173 Chapter Nine: Transformed Perception ....................................... 191 x Table of Contents Chapter Ten: Metaphor, Cult, and Identity: Exploring Coherence .............................................................................. 205 Chapter Eleven: Conclusion and Final Reflections ..................... 213 Appendix I: Comparison Chart of Cultic Passages ..................... 223 Bibliography ................................................................................ 225 Index of Biblical and Ancient References ................................... 255 Index of Modern Authors .............................................................. 261 Index of Modern Authors ................................................................ 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