JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT SUPPLEMENT SERIES 325 Editors David J.A. Clines Philip R. Davies Executive Editor Andrew Mein Editorial Board Richard J. Coggins, Alan Cooper, J. Cheryl Exum, John Goldingay, Robert P. Gordon, Norman K. Gottwald, John Jarick, Andrew D.H. Mayes, Carol Meyers, Patrick D. Miller Sheffield Academic Press Paul-Eugene Dion The World of the Aramaeans II Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion Edited by P.M. Michele Daviau, John W. Wevers and Michael Weigl Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 325 Copyright © 2001 Sheffield Academic Press Published by Sheffield Academic Press Ltd Mansion House 19KingfieldRoad Sheffield SI 19AS England www.SheffieldAcademicPress.com Typeset by Sheffield Academic Press and Printed on acid-free paper in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd Chippenham, Wiltshire British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1 84127 178 0 CONTENTS Preface 7 Abbreviations 9 List of Contributors 13 Paul-Eugene Dion: An Appreciation 15 BRIAN PECKHAM Phoenicians and Aramaeans: The Literary and Epigraphic Evidence 19 WOLFGANG ROLLIG Aramaica Haburensia V: Limu-Datierungen in aramaischen Urkunden des 7. Jh. v. Chr. 45 CARL S. EHRLICH The bytdwd-Inscription and Israelite Historiography: Taking Stock after Half a Decade of Research 57 GUY COUTURIER Quelques observations sur le bytdwd de la stele arameenne de Tel Dan 72 STEFANIA MAZZONI Tell Afis and the Lu'ash in the Aramaean Period 99 TIMOTHY P. HARRISON Tell Ta'yinat and the Kingdom of Unqi 115 MICHAEL HELTZER A New Weight from Hamath and Trade Relations with the South in the Ninth-Eighth Centuries BCE 133 6 The World of the Aramaeans II JOHN S. HOLLADAY, JR Toward a New Paradigmatic Understanding of Long- Distance Trade in the Ancient Near East: From the Middle Bronze II to Early Iron II—A Sketch 13 6 P.M. MICHELE DAVIAU Family Religion: Evidence for the Paraphernalia of the Domestic Cult 199 PAOLO XELLA Les plus anciens temoignages sur le dieu Eshmoun: Une mise au point 230 EMILE PUECH Un nouvel autel a encens de Palmyre 243 PIOTR BIENKOWSKI Iron Age Settlement in Edom: A Revised Framework 257 BEZALEL PORTEN AND JOHN GEE Aramaic Funerary Practices in Egypt 270 Bibliography of Paul-Eugene Dion 309 Index of Modern Authors 317 Index of Subjects 323 Index of Personal and Tribal Names 325 Index of Geographical Names 327 PREFACE The languages and literature of the Bible have been of life-long interest to Paul-Eugene Dion, in his teaching, research and public lectures. In the course of his academic life, Paul took a broad view of the biblical world, when he added the dialects, epigraphy and history of the Ara- maeans of Syria to his research and teaching. In his research, he investigated the political activities, social structures, religious beliefs and culture of the Aramaeans and the ways in which these people interacted with those of Mesopotamia in the east, Phoenicia in the west, Israel, Judah and the states of Transjordan to the south. Their language had an even greater influence than individual cultural characteristics, extending in the Persian period as far south as Upper Egypt and con- tinuing in later Syriac literature. The papers presented here include biblical, historical and cultural studies, most of which reveal the richness of the world of the Ara- maeans and examples of the extent of Aramaean cultural influence. These studies are presented in admiration and affection for the work of Paul-Eugene Dion, and as a contribution to the study of the Aramaeans of Syria and their neighbours. The response to our call for contributors was overwhelming. So many papers of quality, sometimes very detailed, were submitted, that it proved necessary to divide the Festschrift into three volumes, each containing several essays related to the Aramaean world, but reflecting a different sphere of Paul Dion's interests and scholarship: biblical studies; historical and archaeological research; language and literature. Most of those who contributed to this second volume of the Fest- schrift were not colleagues immediately associated with Professor Dion's teaching career, but specialists of the history, archaeology and indeed epigraphy of the Levant during the Iron Age: Phoenicia, Philistia, Transjordan and Syria—the stage on which Israelites and Aramaeans so long contended together, but where they could also fight side by side to ward off conquest by the Mesopotamian powers. Some 8 The World of the Aramaeans II of the scholars who wrote these chapters, and especially Professors Couturier and Peckham, were almost life-long friends and collabor- ators, while many others began lively exchanges with Professor Dion during the preparation of his comprehensive history of the Aramaeans during the Iron Age (1997). This work is the gift of all those who have contributed their scholar- ship, friendship and respect for Paul Dion, including his colleagues and former students in the Near Eastern Studies Department (now the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations) at the University of Toronto, as well as colleagues in North America, Europe and the Near East with whom he has maintained an active exchange of students and offprints. Invaluable was the contribution of John W. Wevers, who not only wrote an important article, but also reviewed all manuscripts with his unfailing standards for precision and excellence. Other con- tributors also deserve a word of thanks: original artwork on the cover and before the index of each volume is the contribution of Isabelle Crepeau (Montreal); Wilfrid Laurier University student assistants, Erin Mitchell (funded by a WLU Book Preparation Grant) and Daniel Lewis, prepared bibliographies in a standard format, and inserted Hebrew and Greek characters where needed, and Kathryn Bahun pre- pared inked drawings for the article by Daviau. Funding for this work was provided by Wilfrid Laurier University through a book preparation grant and by private gifts. A special thanks is due to resources of the Archive of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, the University of Toronto online catalogue and the Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog; their extraordinary collections made available complete publication infor- mation for the preparation of bibliographies and footnotes. Finally, M. Daviau is especially grateful to all the contributors and to her students for their patience during the busy months needed to complete this work. ABBREVIATIONS AAAS Annales Archeologiques Arabes Syriennes AAR American Academy of Religion AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research ABD David Noel Freedman (ed.), The Anchor Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992) ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJBA Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology ANET James B. Pritchard (ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 3rd edn, 1969) AnSt Anatolian Studies AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AoF Altorientalische Forschungen ARES Archivi Reali di Ebla Studi ARET Archivi Reali di Ebla Testi AuOr Aula orientalis AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies BA Biblical Archaeologist BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BAR British Archaeological Reports BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Bib Biblica BIN A. Clay, Letters and Transactions from Cappadocia (Babylonian Inscriptions in the Collection of James B. Nies, 4; New Haven: Yale University Press, 1927) BiOr Bibliotheca Orientalis BN Biblische Notizen CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CCT S. Smith, Cuneiform Texts from Cappadocian Tablets in the British Museum (London: British Museum, 1956) CdE Chronique d'Egypte CIS Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum CIS II Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum. II. Inscriptiones aramaicas continens