WORKSHPORPO GRAM AND ABSTMCTS LPI Contribution No. 1273 Workshop on THE ROLE ATMOSPHERES OF VOLATILE!! AND ON MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS July 11-13,2005 Laurel, Maryland Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute Mars Crater Consortium National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group Conveners Nadine Barlow, Northern Arizona University Olivier Barnouin-Jha, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratovy Sarah Stewart, Harvard University Joseph Boyce, University of Hawai 'i John Grant, Smithsonian Institution Robert Henick, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Horton Newsom, University of New Mexico Jefiey Plescia, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Paul Schenk, Lunar and Planetary Institute Virgil Sharpton, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Livio Tomabene, University of Tennessee Shawn Wright, Arizona State University Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1 113 LPI Contribution No. 1273 Compiled in 2005 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Agreement No. NCC5-679 issued through the Solar System Exploration Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this volume are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2005) Title of abstract. In Workshop on the Role of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Zmpact Craters, p. XX. LPI Contribution No. 1273, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This volume is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1 113, USA Phone: 281-486-2172 Fax: 281-486-2186 E-mail: [email protected] Mail orders requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. ISSN NO. 0161-5297 Preface This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the Workshop on the Role of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Craters, July 11-14,2005, Laurel, Maryland. Administration and publications support for this meeting were provided by the staff of the Publications and Program Services Department at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Program ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Impact-induced Hydrothermal Activity at Central-Peak and Peak-Ring Craters on Early Mars 0. Abramov andD. A. Kring ........................................................................................................... 13 The Influence of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Crater Morphologies N. G. Barlow ................................................................................................................................... 15 A New Model for Pedestal Crater Formation N. G. Barlow ................................................................................................................................... 17 Crater Lakes on Mars: Development of Quantitative Thermal and Geomorphic Models C. J. Bamhart, S. Tulaczyk, E. Asphaug, E. R. Kraal, and J. Moore .............................................. 19 The Runout Efficiency of Fluidized Ejecta on Mars 0. S. Bamouin-Jha .......................................................................................................................... 21 Arcuate Ridges and Gullies in Martian Craters: Dependence on Orientation and Latitude D. C. Bennan, W. K. Hartmann, D. A. Crown, and V. R. Baker ..................................................... 23 Impact Crater Geometries Provide Evidence for Ice-rich Layers at Low Latitudes on Mars B. A. Black and S. T. Stewart .......................................................................................................... 25 Martian Craters Viewed by the THEMIS Instrument: Double-layered Ejecta Craters J. M Boyce and P, J. Mouginis-Mark ........................................................................................... ..27 Elastic Granular Flows C. S. Campbell ................................................................................................................................ 29 Dispersion and Mixing of Impact-generated Aerosols in the Martian Middle Atmosphere J. Y-K. Cho andS. T. Stewart .......................................................................................................... 30 The Effect of Impacts on the Martian Climate A. Colaprete, R. M. Haberle, T. L. Segura, 0.B . Toon, and K. Zahnle .......................................... 32 Modified Impact Craters on Mars: Observations, Measurements and Likely Processes R. A. Craddock ................................................................................................................................ 34 Automatic Recognition of Crater-like Structures in Terrestrial and Planetary Images J. Earl, A. Chicarro, C. Koeberl, P. G. Marchetti and M. Milnes. ................................................. 36 Impact Craters on Mars: Natural 3D Exploration Probes of Geological Evolution J. B. Garvin ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Mars Exploration Rover Field Observations of Impact Craters at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum and Implications for Climate Change A4 Golombek, J. A. Grant, L. S. Cmmpler, A. F. C. Haldemann, and Athena Science Team ............................................................................ 40 Field Studies of Crater Gradation in Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum Using the Mars Exploration Rovers J. A. Grant, M P. Golombek, A. F. C. Haldemann. L. Cmmpler, R. Li, W. A. Watters, and Athena Science Team ...................................................................................... 42 Volatiles in the Desert: Subtle Remote-sensing Signatures of the Dakhleh Oasis Catastrophic Event, Western Desert, Egypt A. F. C. Haldemann, M R. Kleindienst, C. S. Churcher, J. R. Smith, H. P. Schwarcz. and G. Osinski ...................................................................................................... 44 Impact Erosion of Atmospheres: Substantial Atmospheric Loss by Horizontal Atmospheric Excavation K. Hamano and Y. Abe .................................................................................................................... 46 Martian Megaregolith Properties: Effects on Launch of SNCs and Secondary Ejecta E? K. Hartmann .............................................................................................................................. 48 Inferences from Oblique Impact Craters About the Role of the Atmosphere and Subsurface Volatiles in the Impact Cratering Process on Mars R. R. Herrick ................................................................................................................................... 49 Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Morphology, Crater Fill, and Relevance for Impact Processes on Mars J. W. Horton Jr., D. S. Powars, G. S. Gohn, andJ. Ormo .............................................................. 51 Rim Breaching and Ponding in Martian Impact Craters R. P. Irwin 111 .................................................................................................................................. 53 Impact Cratering and Material Models: Subsurface Volatiles on Mars B. A. Ivanov, N. A. Arternieva, and E. Pierazzo .............................................................................. 55 Impact Craters on Mars and Earth: Implications by Analogy T.K enkmann and F. Schonian ........................................................................................................ 57 Post-Shock Temperature Measurements of Basalt: Improving the Basalt Equation of State and Modeling of Post-Impact Conditions G. B. Kennedy, S. T. Stewart, L. E. Sen$, A. W. Obst, J. R. Payton, M.R . Furlanetto, and A. Seifter ...................................................................................................... 59 The Role of Water in Development of the Late Cretaceous Wetumpka Impact Crater, Coastal Plain of Alabama, USA D. T. King Jr., J. Omo, J. R. Morrow, L. W. Petruny, R. C. Johnson, and T. L. Neathery .................................................................................................. 61 Fluidized Ejecta of Martian Lobate Craters and Composition of the Highland Rocks G. G. Kochemasov ........................................................................................................................... 63 Distribution and Orientation of Alluvial Fans in Martian Craters E. R. Kraal, J. M Moore, A. D. Howard, and E. I. Asphaug .......................................................... 65 Subkilometer-scale Roughness of Crater Ejecta in the Northern Plains of Mars: Implications for Climate-related Alteration M A. Kreslavshy andJ. W. Head .................................................................................................... 67 Geology of Lonar Crater, India: An Analog for Martian Impact Craters A. C. Maloof; K. L. Louzada, S. T. Stewart, and B. P. Weiss .......................................................... 69 Inverted Martian Craters in Lineated Glacial Valleys, Ismenius Lacus Region, Mars B. S. McConnell, G. L. Wilt, A. Gillespie, and H. E. Newsom. ........................................................ 71 Making a Grain-Bridge Connection Between Two Rocky Planets M J. McSaveney and T. R. H. Davies ............................................................................................. 73 Perched Craters and Episodes of Sublimation on Northern Plains S. Meresse, D. Baratoux, F. Costard, and N. Mangold. .................................................................. 75 Characteristics of Impact Craters and Interior Deposits: Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Volatiles in the Highlands of Mars S. C. Mest ........................................................................................................................................ 77 Run-Out Distances of Ejecta Lobes from SLE and MLE Impact Craters on Mars P. J. Mouginis-Mark and S. M Baloga .......................................................................................... .79 Hydrothermal Processes and Mobile Element Transport in Martian Impact Craters - Evidence from Terrestrial Analogue Craters H. E. Newsom, M. J. Nelson, C. K. Shearer, and B. 0.D ressler .................................................... 8 1 Nuclear Cratering Experience in the US. and Russia M D. Nordyke ................................................................................................................................. 83 The Influence of Water on the Cratering and Modification of Marine-Target Craters - Some Thoughts Based on Recent Field Studies and Laboratory Experiments J. Onno. ........................................................................................................................................... 84 Viscous Relaxation of Secondary Craters Within the Martian South Polar Layered Deposits A. V. Pathare, E. L. Schaller, and B. C. Murray ............................................................................. 86 Verification and Validation of the RAGE Hydrocode in Preparation for Investigation of Impacts into a Volatile-rich Target C. S. Plesko, E. Asphaug, G. R. Gisler, andM L. Gittings. ............................................................ 88 The Role of the Atmosphere and Target Volatiles in the Emplacement of the Chicxulub Ejecta Blanket and Analogies with Martian Impact Ejecta K. 0. Pope ....................................................................................................................................... 90 Ages and Onset Diameters of Rampart Craters in Equatorial Regions on Mars D. Reiss, S. van Gasselt, E. Hauber, G. Michael, R. Jaumann, G. Neukum, and HRSC Co-Investigator Team .............................................................................. .92 Martian Polar Craters: Possible Polar Materials Apparent Effects and Post-Impact Modification by Apparent Perrennial Permafrost Mound (Pingo) Formation S. E. H. Sakimoto. ............................................................................................................................ 94 What Do Craters on Icy Satellites Tell Us About Martian Craters? P. Schenk ......................................................................................................................................... 96 On the Brittle Failure of Water Ice Ih: A Short Review E. M. Schulson ................................................................................................................................ 97 Assessing Lithology from Ejecta Emplacement Styles on Mars: The Role of Atmospheric Interactions P. H. Schultz .................................................................................................................................... 98 Possible Crater-Floor Thermokarst in Utopia Planitia, Mars R. J. Soare andJ. M Wan Bun Tseung ......................................................................................... 100 Field Observations of Ground-hugging Ejecta Flow at Lonar Crater, India S. T. Stewart, K. L. Louzada, A. C. Malooj H. E. Newsom, B. P. Weiss, and S. P. Wright ........................................................................................................ 102 Interaction Between Impact Vapor Clouds and the Early Martain Atmosphere S. Sugita and P. H. Schultz ............................................................................................................ 104 Investigating Surface Scouring Processes and Ejecta Deposition by Impact Generated Winds A. Suzuki, 0.S . Barnouin-Jha, I. Kumagai, Y. Nagata, and K. Kurita ......................................... 106 Evidence for the Role of Sub-surface Volatiles in the Formation of Large Rayed Crater Systems on Mars: Implications for the Ejection of the Martian Meteorites L. L. Tomabene ............................................................................................................................. 108 “Softening” of Martian Impact Craters by Creep of Ice-rich Permafrost E. P. Turtle and A. V. Pathare ..................................................................................................... .110 Ejecta Flow from 3-D Granular Flow Models K. Wada and 0.S . Barnouin-Jha. ................................................................................................. 1 12 Effects of an Early-Time Impact Generated Vapor Blast in the Martian Atmosphere: Formation of High-Latitude Pedestal Craters K. E. Wrobel, P. H. Schultz, andD. A. Crawford ......................................................................... 114 Workshop on Role of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Craters 1 Monday, July 11,2005 WELCOME AND WORKSHOP GOALS 9:OO a.m. Auditorium 9:OO a.m. Nadine Barlow, Sarah Stewart, and Olivier Barnouin-Jha Overview and Goals OBSERVATIONSO F MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS: PART I Chairs: H. E. Newsom 9:30 a.m. Garvin J. B. * [INVITED] Impact Craters on Mars: Natural 30 Exploration Probes of Geological Evolution (#3052] 955 a.m. Barlow N. G. * The Influence of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Crater Molphologies [#3032] 10:1 5 a.m. Reiss D. * van Gasselt S. Hauber E. Michael G. Jaumann R. N e bG . HRSC Co-Investigator Team Ages and Onset Diameters of Rampart Craters in Equatorial Regions on Mars [#3012] 10:35 a.m. Boyce J. M. * Mouginis-Mark P. J. Martian Craters Viewed by the THEMIS Instrument: Double-layered Ejecta Craters [#3009] 1055 a.m. BREAK 11:lO a.m. Kreslavslq M. A. * Head J. W. Subkilometer-scaleR oughness of Crater Ejecta in the Northern Plains of Mars: Implicationsf or Climate-relatedA lteration [#3040] 11 : 30 a.m. Black B. A. * Stewart S. T. Impact Crater Geometries Provide Evidencef or Ice-rich Layers at Low Latitudes on Mars [#3044] 11 50 a.m. Hemck R. R. * Inferencesf rom Oblique Impact Craters About the Role of the Atmosphere and Subsurface Volatiles in the Impact Cratering Process on Mars [#3019] 12:OO p.m. DISCUSSION 12:30 p.m. LUNCH * Denotes Speaker 2 LPI Contribution No. I273 Monday, July 11,2005, continued OBSERVATIONS OF MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS: PART I1 1:45 p.m. Auditorium Chair: J. M. Boyce 1: 45 p.m. Golombek M. * Grant J. A. Crumpler L. S. Haldemann A. F. C. Athena Science Team [INVITED] Mars Exploration Rover Field Observations of Impact Craters at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum and Implicationsf or Climate Change [#3016] 2: 15 p.m. Grant J. A. * Golombek M. P. Haldemann A. F. C. Crumpler L. Li R. Watters W. A. Athena Science Team [INVITED] Field Studies of Crater Gradation in Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum Using the Mars Exploration Rovers [#3004] 2:45 p.m. Mustard J. F. * [INVITED] New Insights into Martian Impact Craters from OMEGA Observations 3:15 p.m. DISCUSSION