Women’s Work This page intentionally left blank R Women’s Work edited by laurie f. An Anthology of African-American maffl y-kipp Women’s Historical Writings and from Antebellum America kathryn lofton to the Harlem Renaissance 1 2010 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Women’s work : an anthology of African-American women’s historical writings from antebellum America to the Harlem Renaissance / edited by Laurie F. Maffl y-Kipp and Kathryn Lofton. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-19-533198-1;978-0-19-533199-8 (pbk) 1. African Americans—History—19th century—Sources. 2. African American women—History— 19th century—Sources. 3. African Americans—History—20th century—Sources. 4. African American women—History—20th century—Sources. 5. African Americans—Historiography. 6. African American historians. 7. Women historians—United States. 8. African American women authors. 9. African American women—Intellectual life—19th century. 10. African American women—Intellectual life—20th century. I. Maffl y-Kipp, Laurie F., 1960– II. Lofton, Kathryn. E184.6.W662010 973—dc222010010246 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper acknowledgments T he labor of this book has been facilitated by many friends and col- leagues. Support from the University Research Council at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill enabled some great working trips. David Wills at the African American Religion Documentary History Project at Amherst College provided space, sources, and support. Librarians at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Reed College, Indiana University Bloomington, and the University of Delaware provided documents. Conversations with colleagues Judith Weisenfeld and Bill Andrews enriched our thinking. Wesley Maffly- Kipp did some crucial last-minute proofreading. Our collaboration is testimony to the power of women’s work when women work together. This page intentionally left blank table of contents Introduction 3 1 Maria W. Stewart 14 “An Address Delivered Before the Afric-American Female Intelligence Society of America” (1832) 15 2 Ann Plato 20 “Education” (1841) 22 “Death of the Christian” (1841) 24 “Louisa Sebury” (1841) 25 “The Natives of America” (1841) 27 3 Frances Ellen Watkins Harper 29 “Liberty for Slaves” (1857) 31 “Moses: A Story of the Nile” (1869) 33 “Then and Now” (1895) 49 4 Frank A. Rollin 53 “The Life and Public Services of Martin R. Delany” (1883) 55 5 Mary V. Cook 67 “Woman’s Place in the Work of the Denomination” (1887) 68 6 Josephine Heard 82 “Welcome to Hon. Frederick Douglass” (1890) 83 “Wilberforce” (1890) 85 “They Are Coming?” (1890) 86 “Resting: In Memoriam of Mrs. Bishop Turner” (1890) 88 7 Anna Julia Cooper 89 “The Status of Woman in America” (1892) 91 8 S. Elizabeth Frazier 100 “Some Afro-American Women of Mark” (1892) 101 9 Virginia W. Broughton 112 “Woman’s Work” (1894) 113 10 Gertrude Bustill Mossell 119 “The Work of the Afro-American Woman” (1894) 121 11 Hardie Martin 132 “How the Church Can Best Help the Condition of the Masses” (1896) 133 12 Victoria Earle Matthews 136 “The Awakening of the Afro-American Woman” (1897) 137 13 Amelia Etta Hall Johnson 144 “Some Parallels of History” (1899) 145 14 Katherine Davis Tillman 150 “Heirs of Slavery. A Little Drama of Today” (1901) 151 15 Pauline Hopkins 156 “Of One Blood: Or, the Hidden Self ” (1902–1903) 158 "Famous Women of the Negro Race: Educators" (1902) 164 16 Leila Amos Pendleton 186 “A Narrative of the Negro” (1912) 187 17 Olivia Ward Bush-Banks 198 “Unchained, 1863” (1914) 199 “A Hero of San Juan Hill” (1914) 201 18 Drusilla Dunjee Houston 203 “Wonderful Ethiopians of the Ancient Cushite Empire” (1926) 205 19 Hallie Quinn Brown 218 “Harriet—The Moses” (1926) 219 viii | table of contents Women’s Work