The Project Gutenberg eBook, Women Painters of the World, Edited by Walter Shaw Sparrow This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Women Painters of the World From the Time of Caterina Vigri, 1413-1463, to Rosa Bonheur and the Present Day Editor: Walter Shaw Sparrow Release Date: March 23, 2012 [eBook #39000] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WOMEN PAINTERS OF THE WORLD*** E-text prepared by Delphine Lettau, Matthew Wheaton, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) Women Painters of the World The Art and Life Library EDITED BY WALTER SHAW SPARROW. VOLUME I. The British Home of To-day A BOOK OF MODERN DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE AND THE APPLIED ARTS. (Published June, 1904. Out of Print). VOLUME II. The Gospels in Art THE LIFE OF CHRIST BY GREAT PAINTERS FROM FRA ANGELICO TO HOLMAN HUNT. (Published November, 1904). VOLUME III. Women Painters of the World FROM THE TIME OF CATERINA VIGRI (1413-1463) TO ROSA BONHEUR AND THE PRESENT DAY. Dedicated to Her Majesty Queen Alexandra. (Published March, 1905). HODDER & STOUGHTON, 27, Paternoster Row, London. Higher resolution versions of all art images are available by clicking on the image. British School, 1901 "JOY AND THE LABOURER." REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL PICTURE IN THE COLLECTION OF W. A. CADBURY, ESQ. Mrs. Mary Young Hunter, Painter Women Painters of the World from the time of Caterina Vigri 1413-1463 to Rosa Bonheur and the Present Day Edited by Walter Shaw Sparrow The Art and Life Library H&S 1905 Hodder & Stoughton 27 Paternoster Row-London DEDICATED BY GRACIOVS PERMISSION TO HER MAJESTY QVEEN ALEXANDRA IN THIS YEAR of OVR LORD ONE THOVSAND NINE HVNDRED & FIVE Printed by PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES & CO., LTD. The Country Press, Bradford. British School, 1874 [9] "MISSED!" REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF CHARLES CHESTON, ESQ., FROM: THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR DATED 1874, THE YEAR IN WHICH THE PAINTER'S FAMOUS "ROLL-CALL" WAS PURCHASED BY QUEEN VICTORIA AT THE ROYAL ACADEMY. Lady Elizabeth Butler, Painter PREFACE HAT is genius? Is it not both masculine and feminine? Are not some of its qualities instinct with manhood, while others delight us with the most winning graces of a perfect womanhood? Does not genius make its appeal as a single creative agent with a two-fold sex? But if genius has its Mirandas and its Regans no less than its infinite types of men, ranging from Prospero and Ferdinand to Caliban and Trinculo, its union of the sexes does not remain always at peace within the sphere of art. Sometimes, in the genius of men, the female characteristics gain mastery over the male qualities; at other times the male attributes of woman's genius win empire and precedence over the female; and whenever these things happen, the works produced in art soon recede from the world's sympathies, losing all their first freshness. They may guide us, perhaps, as finger-posts in history, pointing the way to some movement of interest; but their first popularity as art is never renewed. Style is the man in the genius of men, style is the woman in the genius of the fair. No male artist, however gifted he may be, will ever be able to experience all the emotional life to which women are subject; and no woman of abilities, how much soever she may try, will be able to borrow from men anything so invaluable to art as her own intuition and the prescient tenderness and grace of her nursery-nature. Thus, then, the bisexuality of genius has limits in art, and those limits should be determined by a worker's sex. As examples in art of complete womanliness, mention may be made of two exquisite portraits by Madame Le Brun, in which, whilst representing her little daughter and herself, the painter discloses the inner essence and the life of maternal love, and discloses them with a caressing playfulness of passion unattainable by men, and sometimes unappreciated by men. Here, indeed, we have the poetry of universal motherhood, common to the household hearts of good women the wide world over. Such pictures may not be the highest form of painting, but highest they are in their own realm of human emotion; and they recall to one's memory that truth in which Napoleon the Great ranked the gentler sex as the most potent of all creative artists. "The future destiny of children," said he, "is always the work of mothers." But some persons may answer: "Yes, but the achievements of women painters have been second-rate. Where is there a [11] woman artist equal to any man among the greatest masters?" Persons who do not think are constantly asking that question. The greatest geniuses were all hustled and moulded into shape by the greatest epochs of ambition in the lives of nations, just as the mountains of Switzerland were thrown up to their towering heights by tremendous forces underground; and, as the Alps do not repeat themselves, here and there, for the pleasure of tourists, so the greatest geniuses do not reappear for the pleasure of critics or of theorists. And this is not all. Why compare the differing genius of women and men? There is room in the garden of art for flowers of every kind and for butterflies and birds of every species; and why should anyone complain because a daisy is not a rose, or because nightingales and thrushes, despite their family resemblance, have voices of their own, dissimilar in compass and in quality? The present book, then, is a history of woman's garden in the art of painting, and its three hundred pictures show what she has grown in her garden during the last four centuries and a half. The Editor has tried to free his mind of every bias, so that this book, within the limits of 332 pages, might be as varied as the subject. The choice of pictures has not been easy, and a few disappointments have attended the many communications with the owners of copyrights; but only two invited artists have declined to contribute. It is not often that so much willing and generous help has come to an Editor from so many countries; and it is with gratitude that I acknowledge the assistance received from the contributors of to- day. Seven pictures are reproduced in colour-facsimile, thanks to the courtesy of the following artists and collectors: Mrs. Allingham, Miss Ann Macbeth, Mr. James Orrock, R.I., Mr. W A. Cadbury, Mr. Charles Cheston, Mr. Klackner, and Mr. Charles Dowdeswell. The Dedication Page, the Initials Letters, the End Papers, are all designs by Miss Ethel Larcombe, while the Title Page and the Cover are the work of Mr. David Veazey. The silhouettes by Mlle. Nelly Bodenheim, used as tail-pieces, are published by permission of S. L. van Looÿ, Amsterdam. This volume being the first illustrated history of the Women Painters of the World, Her Majesty Queen Alexandra has honoured it by graciously accepting the Dedication; and in this encouraging act is revealed the untiring interest and solicitude with which Her Majesty has ever followed the progress of women's work. THE EDITOR. SILHOUETTE BY NELLY BODENHEIM, HOLLAND. School of British Water-Colour, Contemporary [12] [13] AN ENGLISH HEBE. AFTER THE ORIGINAL DRAWING H.R.H. The Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll CONTENTS Preface: "On the Scope of the Present Volume." By the Editor. Chapter I: "Women Painters in Italy since the Fifteenth Century." By Walter Shaw Sparrow Chapter II: "Early British Women Painters." By the Editor. Chapter III: "Modern British Women Painters." By Ralph Peacock. Chapter IV: "Women Painters in the United States of America." By the Editor. Chapter V: "Of Women Painters in France." By Léonce Bénédite. Translated into English by Edgar Preston. Chapter VI: "Women Painters in Belgium and in Holland." By N. Jany. Translated into English by Edgar Preston. Chapter VII: "Women Painters in Germany and Austria, in Russia, Switzerland and Spain." By Wilhelm Schölermann. Translated into English by Wilfrid Sparroy. Chapter VIII: "Some Finnish Women Painters." By Helena Westermarck. [15] FACSIMILE PLATES IN COLOUR 1. Mrs. Mary Young Hunter. "Joy and the Labourer" Frontispiece PAGE 2. Lady Elizabeth Butler (Elizabeth Thompson). "Missed!" 9 3. H.I.M. The Empress Frederick of Germany (1840-1891). "The Akropolis, Athens: from the Balcony of the Crown Prince's House" 56 4. Miss Eleanor Fortescue Brickdale, A.R.W.S. "Youth and the Lady" 73 5. Miss Ann Macbeth. "Elspeth" 97 6. Mrs. Helen Allingham, R.W.S. "A Cottage near Crocken Hill" 109 7. Helen Hyde. "Day Dreams" 145 REMBRANDT PHOTOGRAVURES 1. Rosalba Carriera. "Portrait of a Lady Unknown" 20 2. Madame Vigée Le Brun. "Herself and her Daughter" 166 3. Madame Adèle Romany. "Portrait of Gaëtano Apollino Baldassare Vestris, Dancer" 171 4. Mademoiselle Marie Amélie Cogniet. "Portrait of Madame Adélaïde D'Orléans" 189 5. Rosa Bonheur. "Shepherd Watching his Sheep" 205 6. Francine Charderon. "Sleep" 229 MONOCHROME PLATES 1. H.R.H. the Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll. "An English Hebe." 13 2. Sophonisba Anguisciola. "Her Three Sisters Playing at Chess" 25 3. Artemisia Gentileschi. "Mary Magdalene" 31 4. Rosalba Carriera. "Charity and Justice" 37 5. Elisabetta Sirani. "The Dream of St. Anthony of Padua" 43 6. Signorina Elisa Koch. "The Little Sister" 49 7. Catharine Read. "The Lady Georgiana Spencer" 61 8. Angelica Kauffman, R.A. "The Sibyl" 67 9. Mrs. Stanhope Forbes, A.R.W.S. "The Fisher Wife" 85 10. Mrs. William De Morgan (Evelyn Pickering). "Flora" 91 11. Miss Eleanor Fortescue Brickdale, A.R.W.S. "To-day for me" 103 12. Miss Cecilia Beaux. "Mother and Child" 121 13. Miss Kate Greenaway. "A. for Apple Pie: E. eat it" 127 14. Mrs. Annie L. Swynnerton. "The Sense of Sight" 133 15. Mrs. Anna Lea Merritt, R.B.A. "Love Locked Out" 139 16. Miss Cornelia W. Conant. "The End of the Story" 151 [16] O 17. Mary Cassatt. "Baby's Toilette" 157 18. Helen Hyde. "The Bamboo Fence" 163 19. Madame Vigée Le Brun. "Herself and her Daughter" 177 20. Berthe Morisot. "Portrait of a Young Woman Seated" 211 21. Madame Jacqueline Comerre-Paton. "Mistletoe" 217 22. Madame Eva Gonzalès. "Portrait of a Lady" 223 23. Madame Fanny Fleury. "The Pathway to the Village Church" 235 24. Madame Vallet-Bisson. "The Departure" 241 25. Mlle. Consuélo Fould. "Will You Buy?" 247 26. Judith Leyster. "The Merry Young Man" 257 27. Mevrouw Bilders van Bosse. "Landscape near Oosterbeek" 267 28. Mlle. Thérèse Schwartze. "The Children of Mr. A. May, Amsterdam" 273 29. Madame Henriette Ronner. "The Last Move" 279 30. Mlle. Marie Bashkirtseff. "A Meeting" 293 31. Mlle. Ottilie Roederstein. "Le Mois de Marie" 311 32. Antonia de Bañuelos. "The Little Fishers" 321 33. Mary Cassatt. "Childhood in a Garden" 327 34. Mary Cassatt. "Mother and two Children" 327 DUPLEX PLATES 1. Mrs. Marianne Stokes. "The Queen and the Page." Duplex Plate 79 2. Miss Lucy Kemp-Welch, R.B.A. "Labourers of the Night." Duplex Plate 115 3. Madame Benoits. "Marie Pauline, Princesse Borghese." Duplex Plate 183 4. Rosa Bonheur. "Study of a Bull." Duplex Plate 195 wing to various reasons, the work of several well-known painters could not be obtained until this book had passed through the press, and a supplement of pictures has therefore been placed between page 324 and page 325. It includes work by Lady Alma-Tadema, Mrs. Seymour Lucas, Mrs. Marrable, Miss Maud Earl, Miss Julia B. Folkard, Miss Maude Goodman, Miss Flora M. Reid, Miss Blanche Jenkins, and Madame Arsène Darmesteter. It is hoped that the Women Painters of To-day may be studied again in a second volume. In the present book, dealing with 450 years of work, the living painters could not be fully represented, for there are thousands of ladies who now win a place in the art exhibitions of Europe and America. WOMEN PAINTERS REPRESENTED [17] PAGE Abbéma, Mlle. Louise 237 Abran, Madame 243 Allingham, Mrs. Helen, R.W.S. 109, 137 Alma-Tadema, Miss Anna 156 Anderson, Mrs. Sophie 105 Angell, Mrs. Coleman 102 Anguisciola, Sophonisba 25, 36, 39 Angus, Christine 64 Art, Mlle. Berthe 276 Bakhuyzen, Mme. C. J. van de Sande 266 Bañuelos, Antonia de 320, 321 Barton, Miss Rose, A.R.W.S. 143 Bashkirtseff, Mlle. Marie 293, 315 Bauck, Jeanna 300, 301 Bauerlë, Miss A., A.R.E. 132 Beale, Mary 81 Beauclerk, Lady Diana 82 Beaux, Miss Cecilia 121, 162 Benoits, Madame 183 Bilders van Bosse, Mme. 267, 269, 272 Bisschop-Robertson, Mme. Suse 278 Blatherwick, Lily (Mrs. A. S. Hartrick) 155 Blau-Lang, Frau Tina 306, 308 Bodenheim, Mlle. Nelly 12, 72, 292, 332 Bonheur, Rosa 195, 205, 209, 210, 214, 215 Bouillier, Mlle. 194 Bourbon, de, Infante Paz 318, 320 Bovi, Madame 90 Boznauska, de, Olga 316 Breslau, Mlle. Louise 304, 314 Brickdale, Miss E. Fortescue, A.R.W.S. 73, 103, 114, 126, 141, 142 Brockmann, Doña Elena 319 Brownscombe, Miss Jennie 161 Butler, Lady Elizabeth 154 Byrne, Anne Frances 94 Cameron, Miss Katharine 124 Cameron, Miss Margaret 131, 155 Capet, Marie Gabrielle 197 Carpenter, Mrs. Margaret 96, 100 Carpentier, Madeleine 244 Carriera, Rosalba 20, 37, 48, 51 Cassatt, Miss Mary 157, 327 Cazin, Madame Marie 227, 239 Charderon, Francine 229 Chase, Miss Marian, R.I. 130 Chatillon, de, Mme. Laure 219 Chaudet, Elisabeth 202 Cheviot, Miss Lilian 143 Claudie, Mlle. 252 Cogniet, Mlle. Marie Amélie 189 Colin-Libour, Madame 325 Comerre-Paton, Mme. J. 217 Conant, Miss Cornelia 151 Cool, de, Mme. Delphine 232 Coomans, Mlle. Diana 228 Cosway, Maria 96 Curran, Miss A. 90 Danse, Mlle. Louise 278 Davids, Fräulein 300 Davin, Madame 207 Dealy, Jane M. (Mrs. Lewis) 144 Demont-Breton, Madame 226, 233 De Morgan, Mrs. Evelyn 91, 117, 123 Destrée-Danse, Madame 282 Dieksee, Miss Margaret Isabel 112 Dolci, Agnese 47 Dubos, Mlle. Angèle 216 Dubourg, Mme. Victoria 240 Dufau, Mlle. 231, 240, 243 Duffield, Mrs. William 118 Ellenrieder, Anna Marie 298 Empress Frederick of Germany 56 Enault, Madame Alix 225 Fanner, Miss Alice 135, 156 Fanshawe, Catherine Maria 89 Fautin-Latour, Mme. (Victoria Dubourg) 240 Fichel, Mme. Jeanne 216 Filleul, Madame 186, 187 Fleury, Mme. Fanny 235 Fontana, Lavinia 39, 40, 41 Forbes, Mrs. Stanhope 85, 147, 149 Fould, Mlle. Achille 250 Fould, Mlle. Consuélo 247 Frampton, Mrs. George 136 Gardner, Elizabeth 234, 238 Gentileschi, Artemisia 31, 42, 45 Ghisi, Diana 39 Gilsoni-Hoppe, Madame 266 Godefroid, Mlle. Marie E. 203 Gonzalès, Eva 223, 231 Gow, Miss Mary L., R.I. 107 Granby, Marchioness of 142 Greenaway, Miss Kate 119, 127 Gutti, Rosina M. 53 Guyard, Madame 185, 188 Hammond, Miss G. Demain, R.I. 135 Hart, Miss Emily 113 Havers, Miss Alice 108 Heitland, Miss Ivy 107 Hemessen, Catharina van 263 Heming, Mrs. Matilda 95 Herford, Mrs. John 95 Herland, Mlle. E. 249 Hilda, Mlle. E. 245 Hitz, Dora 302, 303 Hobson, Miss A. M., R.I. 118 Hogendorp, Baronne van 266 Holroyd, Lady 150 Hotham, Amelia 88 Houdon, Mlle. M. J. A. 202 Houssay, Mlle. Joséphine 251 Houten, Mme. Mesdag van 269 Houten, Mlle. Barbara van 270, 275 How, Miss Beatrice 142, 148 Hunter, Mrs. Mary V., Frontispiece, 126, 130 Hyde, Miss Helen 145, 163 Jensen, Frau Marie 303 Jopling, Mrs. Louisa, R.B.A. 120 Kauffman, Angelica, R.A. 67, 83, 87 Kemp-Welch, Miss L. E., R.B.A. 115, 125 King, Miss Jessie M. 159 Koch, Elisa 49 Kollwitz, Fräulein Käthe 302 Laucota, Fräulein Herstine 307 Larcombe, Miss Ethel, Dedication Page, End-papers, Initial Letters Le Brun, Madame Vigée 166, 177, 191, 192, 193, 198, 200, 201, 204 Leleux, Madame Armand 220 Le Roy, Madame 252 Lescot, Madame Haudebourt 208 Leyster, Judith 257, 264 Longhi, Barbara 41 Louise, H.R.H. Princess, Duchess of Argyll 13 Lucas-Robiquet, Mme. 251 Macbeth, Miss Ann 97 Macdonald, Miss Biddie 123 Macgregor, Miss Jessie 148 Marcotte, Mlle. E. 272 [18] Martineau, Miss Edith, A.R.W.S. 111 Maupeou, Caroline von 299 Mayer, Constance 199 Mee, Mrs. Anne 93 Meen, Mrs. Margaret 94 Merian, Maria S. 295, 296 Merritt, Mrs. Anna Lea, R.B.A. 139 Meunier, Mlle. Georgette 282 Morin, Eulalie 187 Morisot, Berthe 211, 213 Moser, Mary, R.A. 94 Nicolas, Mlle. Marie 222 Normand, Mrs. (Henrietta Rae) 153 Offor, B. (Mrs. F. Littler) 160 Oppenheim, Mlle. A. 246 Parlaghy, Frau Vilms 316 Paymal-Amouroux, Mme. 232 Petiet, Mlle. Marie 219 Phillott, Miss Constance, A.R.W.S. 138 Prestel, Maria C. 297 Réal del Sarte, Mme. 251 Ragnoni, Barbara 35 Read, Catharine 61, 84 Reis, Maria G. Silva 301 Robertson, Mrs. J. 93 Roederstein, Mlle. Ottilie 305, 311 Romani, Juana 54 Romany, Mme. Adèle 171 Rongier, Mlle., Jeanne 320 Ronner, Mme. Henriette 279, 281 Rothschild, de, Baroness Lambert 277 Rude, Mme. Sophie 207 Ruysch, Rachel 265 Salanson, Mlle. Eugénie 228 Salles-Wagner, Adelaïde 299 Sawyer, Miss Amy 159 Schjerfbeck, Helene 310, 313 Schurman, Anna Maria 296 Schneider, Mme. Félicie 222 Schwartze, Thérèse 270, 271, 273, 275 Sindici, Doña Stuart 317 Sirani, Elisabetta 43, 46 Sister A, Sienese Nun 34, 35 Sister B, Sienese Nun 34 Smythe, Miss Minnie, A.R.W.S. 150 Sonrel, Élisabeth 237 Spencer, Lavinia, Countess 90 Staples, Mrs. (M. E. Edwards) 120 Starr, Louisa (Mme. Canziana) 106 Stokes, Mrs. Marianne 79, 129 Strong, Mrs. Elizabeth 113 Subleyras, Maria Tibaldi 52 Swon, Mrs. J. M. 159 Swynnerton, Mrs. A. L. 133 Tavernier, de, Mme. E. 227 Templetown, Viscountess 94 Thesleff, Ellen 314 Valory, de, Mme. Caroline 192 Vallet-Bisson, Mme. 241 Vanteuil, de, Mlle. 185 Vigri, Caterina 33 Waterford, Louisa Lady 99, 101 Waternau, Mlle. Hermine 221 Watson, Caroline 89 Wentworth, Mrs. Cecilia 160 Wesmael, Mlle. E. 283 White, Miss Florence 124 Wiik, Maria 309, 313 Wolfthorn, Frau Julie 304 Wytsman, Mme. Juliette 284 Youngman, Miss A. M., R.I. 118, 119 Zappi, Lavinia Fontana 39, 40, 41 Zillhardt, Mlle. Jenny 221 Venetian School. 1675-1757 [20]