Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review Witness statement for the City of Melbourne by Graeme Butler `Melbourne and Its Suburbs' compiled by James Kearney, draughtsman; engraved by David Tulloch and James D. Brown. Victoria. Surveyor-General [Melbourne]: Andrew Clarke, Surveyor General 1855: (part, State Library of Victoria collection) Graeme Butler 2013: 1 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review Table of Contents Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 4 Heritage assessment methodology ......................................................................................................... 6 Study findings .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Summary table of assessed places ........................................................................................................ 9 Study recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 30 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 31 Appendix 1: Expert comment on selected submissions to Amendment C207 ....................................................................................................................... 32 Appendix 2 Heritage Overlay Area Statements of Significance, historical themes and thematic chronology ............................................................. 198 Existing Heritage Overlay Area Statements of Significance within the project area........................... 198 Historical Themes ............................................................................................................................... 203 Thematic Chronology .......................................................................................................................... 209 Appendix 3: Heritage definitions used by Melbourne City Council ....... 236 Appendix 4: Assessment criteria used in the review .............................. 238 Appendix 5: General sources used in the review .................................... 239 Graeme Butler, 2013: 2 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review Figure 1 Arden Macaulay Project Area (project brief) Figure 2 West Melbourne Swamp as `salt lake' in `Map shewing the site of Melbourne and the position of the Huts & Building previous to the foundation of the Township by Sir Richard Bourke’. Robert Russell 1837. (VPRO). Graeme Butler, 2013: 3 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review Introduction The project area, being that part of North & West Melbourne and Kensington bordering the Moonee Ponds Creek, has a rich and varied history concentrated in the Victorian and Edwardian era. This history also includes inter-war development some of which paralleled the release of land along the creek's banks after flood control was achieved. The creek itself, formerly combined with a marshlands and a lagoon, is closely linked with pre-contact indigenous occupation (as reflected by the existing Area of Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Sensitivity which follows its course1). …this is sheet of water was termed indifferently " The Blue Lake " and " The Salt-water Lake " or " Lagoon " also I have later heard it styled as Batman's " or the " North Melbourne Swamp."2 The creek also provided a potential water supply for the first surveyed Kensington Village of the 1840s, adjoining the area on the west. The creek, lagoon and swamp formed a barrier to settlement and set the western border of Melbourne's early development. Subsequently, this part of the Moonee Ponds Creek, perhaps more than any other water course in urban Melbourne, was the focus of ongoing human manipulation including flood control that was dedicated to improving railway and market access from the north and access to shipping from the south. The same measures yielded land and infrastructure for industrial expansion that provided for some major structures linked with key primary industries in Victoria, such as wool growing and marketing. Once in place this reclaimed land and new land uses had to be protected by further extensive flood control infrastructure. Flooding also meant bridge replacement, as seen in the adoption of the inter- war reinforced concrete bridges over the Moonee Ponds Creek. The area also borders the 1850s gold rush route of the Mount Alexander Road that led to and past the famed Mount Alexander near the Castlemaine and Bendigo or Sandhurst gold fields. This overland route was paralleled by the extensive development of railway in the vicinity and use of the creek to access new docking areas to the south. The combination of railway and maritime goods handling was unequalled in any other part of Victoria, with vast railway yards and canals that linked with expanded docking areas. Contrasting with the other suburbs of the City of Melbourne, the adjoining heritage overlay area of North & West Melbourne has always been associated with primary industry, with the Metropolitan Meat Market and Queen Victoria Market as major and significant remnants of this special role in Victoria's and the local economy. The Hay, Horse and Pig Markets were in the triangular area between the Sydney and the Flemington Roads, North Melbourne, from 1842. These markets were refurbished during 1873-4 and the Queen Victoria Market built. At Kensington, the Newmarket saleyards were completed in 1858 and the first sales were held January 1859. Early establishment of cattle sales at Newmarket and meat sales at the Victoria Market site and, later at the Metropolitan Meat Market (1874) made North Melbourne a major meat and allied trades centre. In addition to these are landmark flour mill complexes that dominate visually and, historically, matching the Victorian-era growth period of the surrounding residential area. From 1874 a flour mill complex begins at Anderson streets and Munster Terrace, built up by Smith & Sons, later Thomas Brunton (1888-), TB Guest (c1896-) and Brockhoff in the 1880s, 1890s. Adjoining railway sidings and yards fed the complex. At Kensington Kimpton & Son owned a five-level gabled brick flour mill at the west end of Arden Street since 1887, coexisting with another flour miller to the north. This was Alex Gillespie who had been a partner of Thomas Brunton and Company (see Anderson St) and who owned a similar gabled brick mill built one year before. Twentyman and Askew called tenders for Kimpton & Son's new Eclipse Hungarian Roller Flour Mills in early 1887. Both the Kimpton and Gillespie mills were strategically placed to receive wheat by rail and despatch the flour to the heavily populated areas of Footscray, North Melbourne, Carlton and Brunswick, as well as to the nearby docks for shipment overseas. Both mills have been replaced: WS Kimpton & Sons Flour Mills rebuilding from 1904, 1 See Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 2 RHSVJ V2:117 Recollections of Melbourne in the forties Graeme Butler, 2013: 4 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review absorbing Gillespie on the north (see 52-112 Elizabeth Street). After the first decade of 1900, the Kimpton complex was hailed as the most up-to-date flour mill in Australia. The largely Victorian and Edwardian era Kensington and North & West Melbourne residential heritage overlay areas to the west and east of the project area were also strongly linked with housing railways or flour mill employees. Major landmark buildings in the area also reflect the importance of Australia's foremost wool export trade, with the pre and immediate post Second War trading peaks seen in Sutton Street with the massive Commonwealth Wool & Produce Company Ltd. later Elder Smith & Co. Wool Stores of the 1930s and the Victorian Producers Co-operative Company Ltd wool store, reflecting the 1950s era when Australia could truly be said to be riding on the sheep's back. Flour mills and wool stores flank the Moonee Ponds Creek and rail network dominating the largely one and two storey houses around them, making the presence visually and historically powerful. Background to the review In 2011 the City of Melbourne commissioned Graeme Butler & Associates to provide heritage assessments of selected existing and potential heritage places in the Arden Macaulay Structure Plan area, straddling parts of North and West Melbourne and Kensington. Some of these places had been identified in the 1983-4 Graeme Butler North & West Melbourne and Flemington & Kensington urban conservation studies but others were highlighted by a review carried out by Meredith Gould Architects (MGA) in 2010, as the Heritage Assessment Arden Macaulay Structure Plan Area. Meredith Gould's work has formed the basis of the places selected in this review as has her judgment and evaluation. The Allom Lovell and Associates City of Melbourne Heritage Review 1999 had also assessed or documented some places within the study area but there has never been a comprehensive heritage review of either North & West Melbourne or Kensington since the 1980s urban conservation studies. The aim of the project was to examine these reviews and any subsequent data found on the selected places and make recommendations for inclusion or otherwise in the schedule to clause 43.01 of the Melbourne Planning Scheme on the basis of local heritage or State significance. The rest of the Kensington, North and West Melbourne heritage overlay areas are yet to be reviewed. Scope of project Review of existing and potential heritage places in the Arden Macaulay Structure Plan Area. Project Objectives from the brief  Prepare a Project Management Plan for approval by Project Manager;  Meet with relevant Council officers as required;  Inspect, photograph, assess, review and document supplied list of places including the Moonee Ponds Creek for the heritage overlay;  Inspect, assess and document any place of potential significance that is not on the list, with the agreement of the Project Manager;  Rank each place using heritage gradings consistent with those currently used outside the Capital City Zone, with cross-reference to those used in previous studies of the area;  Assess the cultural significance of the identified heritage places, following Australian Heritage Commission Criteria;3  Enter this information into the Heritage Places Database;  Map all identified places of cultural significance;  Make recommendations for the conservation of these places; and provide all necessary information, including Statements of Significance, and photographs of the places;  Assessment to be prepared in accordance with the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter, 1999 and its Guidelines;  A report on the above findings with recommended statutory planning controls and a draft Schedule to the Heritage Overlay; and  Project completion by 1 March 2012 (as varied by the Project Management Plan). 3 HERCON criteria taken from the Heritage Victoria Model Consultants Brief for Heritage Studies (January 2010) Graeme Butler, 2013: 5 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review City of Melbourne representatives Robyn Hellman Coordinator Local Policy Strategic Planning Branch. Debbie Payne Strategic Planner, Local Policy, Strategic Planning Branch. Project study team  Graeme Butler (of Graeme Butler & Associates), Heritage architect and social historian: study coordinator, evaluation, management, assessment report, survey, and research;  Lesley Butler (of Graeme Butler & Associates), horticulture, project management and assistant. Heritage assessment methodology Methodology for each place assessment The following work was undertaken to document the subject places, using the following primary sources, where available or as required:  Place recording with 12 and 21 mega pixel digital images, 24 bit colour;  Assessment for further work based on physical and known historical evidence;  Municipal rates search to establish first or major owners and/or occupiers;  Melbourne City Council building permits to verify construction dates, owners, designers and builders;  Sands & McDougall Directory of Victoria to discover occupiers;  MMBW Detail and Record Plans of Melbourne typically from around 1895;  Reference to: Meredith Gould Architects (MGA), 2010 Heritage Assessment Arden Macaulay Structure Plan Area; Allom Lovell and Associates City of Melbourne Heritage Review 1999; and Context 2011, City of Melbourne Thematic Environmental History (final). Place report, mapping and management for each place  Each place report and Statement of Significance is based on the Heritage Victoria standard format and as specified by the brief, with management deriving from the Applying the heritage overlay VPP practice note;  Comparative analysis and background draws from the North & West Melbourne and Flemington & Kensington conservation studies, subsequent reviews, Melbourne City Council data bases;  Places are assessed individually and as a group, within the area context;  Heritage gradings are consistent with those currently used in the area as described in the policy reference, Urban Conservation in the City of Melbourne 19854 and the incorporated document Heritage Places Inventory July 2008, and assessment of the cultural significance of each heritage place, using criteria from Applying the Heritage Overlay Practice Note 01 (as revised September 2012);  Recommended planning controls are provided for places and buildings worthy of conservation;  Draft Schedule to the Heritage Overlay for places recommended for a Heritage Overlay is provided (see table under Summary of relevant findings);  All identified places of individual cultural significance are marked on a Planning Scheme base map or Melbourne City Council base map as supplied within each place assessment5;  Covering report for each place assessed individually is provided,  All reporting is in Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) and Microsoft Word form as required;  A database of the project which includes all the listed buildings and which can be used by the Council for future studies has been supplied as CSV delimited text. 4 Heritage Places outside of the Capital City Zone, Clause 22.05 5 Varied to include Land Victoria Planning Maps Online Graeme Butler, 2013: 6 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review The schedule of place assessments in Appendix 1: Expert comment on selected submissions to Amendment C is based in part on the following with added footnotes and updated information as required:  Graeme Butler 1984, Flemington & Kensington Conservation Study,  Graeme Butler 1983 North and West Melbourne Conservation Study, and  Allom Lovell and Associates 1999 City of Melbourne Heritage Review. Methodology details Criteria and thresholds (For more details see Appendix 4: Assessment criteria used in the report ) The places have been assessed under the broad categories of aesthetic, historic, social and scientific significance. The comparative geographic base used is that of the `locality‘ (all or part of the project area being parts of North & West Melbourne and Kensington) and the State of Victoria. A place (an urban area, tree or tree groups, building or building groups, cultural landscape), must be at least of local significance to be included in the Melbourne Planning Scheme (MPS) Heritage Overlay6. The elements that make up these places have been assessed for their contribution to the cultural values of the place, as contributory or non-contributory. Heritage criteria summary The Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP) Practice Note, Applying the heritage overlay 2012 cites the following criteria as briefly described below: A place may have: A importance to the course or pattern of our cultural or natural history (historical significance); B uncommon rare or endangered aspects of our cultural or natural history (rarity); C potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of our cultural or natural history (research potential); D importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places or environments (representativeness); E importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics (aesthetic significance); F Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period (technical significance); G. Strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. This includes the significance of a place to Indigenous peoples as part of their continuing and developing cultural traditions (social significance); H Special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in our history (associative significance). Historical themes The historical themes that form the background to place assessment derive from Context 2011: City of Melbourne Thematic Environmental History (final). The themes can be loosely associated with the Australian Historic Themes matrix and the Victoria Framework of Historic Themes developed by Heritage Victoria. Refer to 6 See MPS schedule to clause 43.01 Graeme Butler, 2013: 7 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review hitherto unknown (see the MGA 2010 Appendix 2 Heritage Overlay Area Statements work). of Significance, historical themes and thematic  Comparable places to those assessed chronology for details of themes and their links have been reduced in number and with the other thematic structures in the study hence this reduction has increased the area. relative significance of some of the Statement of Significance format buildings.  The central role of North Melbourne The Statement of Significance format used for and Kensington, within the industrial the detailed assessments in Appendix 2 is development of the Colony, the State, from Applying the Heritage Overlay Practice and Australia, has been recognised in Note 01 (as revised September 2012). This the MGA work, as expressed by some format is as follows: of the assessed places in this report.  What is significant?  A number of 1850s gold-rush era buildings remain in the area as  How is it significant? included in this assessment.  Why is it significant?  Some of the individually listed places within the heritage overlay and the Study findings study area had no Statement of Significance – these have typically The following summary table of places in been provided in this review. street alphabetical order were assessed in this  Some historical data provided in some project with proposed and existing heritage of the past reviews of places within the gradings provided, as derived from the project area is incorrect- this has been incorporated document Heritage Places remedied in this review. Inventory July 2008.  The incorporated document, the Heritage Place Inventory 2008 is, in Summary of relevant findings part, incomplete and/or incorrect is  Most places assessed in heritage being reviewed as part of the ongoing overlays have changed little since heritage assessments being identified in the 1983-4 conservation undertaken by Melbourne City studies and hence the values Council, including this review. identified then have remained, often  . with the addition of historical values Graeme Butler, 2013: 8 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review Summary table of assessed places (Refer to Appendix 3: Heritage definitions used by Melbourne City Council for A,B,C,D,E and 1, 2,3 building and streetscape grading definitions respectively. The table provides existing and proposed heritage status but for more detail refer to Appendix One of the Arden Macaulay Heritage Review 2012.) Table 1 below shows the results for each potential heritage place or element assessed during the Arden Macaulay Heritage Review 2012. Following on from the findings of the 2012 Review, the table combines the original City of Melbourne A-E7 heritage grading system, with its proposed precinct contribution if any and/or individual significance heritage status, in the form recommended by the practice note, along with any existing or proposed heritage overlay controls in the Melbourne Planning Scheme under clause 43.01. Adjustments have been made to the contributory status of some places for consistency between the two grading systems as well as some clarification needed as a result of submissions: these are listed below in Table 2 Places amended since the Arden Macaulay Heritage Review 2012. Table 1 assessed places The heritage overlays referred to in the table are, or are proposed to be, listed in the Melbourne Planning Scheme (M.P.S.) under clause 43.01. The original place and streetscape gradings are taken from the incorporated document, the Heritage Place Inventory 2008 using the definitions in that document. The proposed gradings are from the 2012 Review as amended (see table 2). Name contributor existing or Original Proposed Proposed HO y to Original Proposed proposed HO Existing or proposed HO name deriving significant address suburb streetscape streetscap number from existing or grading grading number from from C207 individually? level e level C207 proposed 2012 Review precinct? Albermarle Street 1 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 2 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 3 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 4 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 5 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 6 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 7 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 8 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 9 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 10 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 11 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 12 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 13 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 14 -16 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No 7 MCC have requested that E gradings be disbanded such that these have typically been changed to D or have been left ungraded, typically places dating from after the period of significance reflected by the locality (i.e. typically post Second War). Graeme Butler, 2013: 9 Heritage Evidence: Amendment C207, Arden Macaulay Heritage Review Name contributor existing or Original Proposed Proposed HO y to Original Proposed proposed HO Existing or proposed HO name deriving significant address suburb streetscape streetscap number from existing or grading grading number from from C207 individually? level e level C207 proposed 2012 Review precinct? Albermarle Street 15 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 17 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 18 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 19 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 20 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 21 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 22 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 23 Kensington D D 3 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No Albermarle Street 25 Kensington - D - 2 HO9 Kensington Precinct Yes No MB Wragg & Co Albermarle Street 43 Kensington - C - 2 HO251 R Lohn & Co Pty Ltd offices, HO251 Yes Yes factory and stores, later Kensington Community High School, Part 369-391, 393-399 Macaulay Road,Kensington MB Wragg & Co Albermarle Street 45 Kensington - C - 2 HO251 R Lohn & Co Pty Ltd offices, HO251 Yes Yes factory and stores, later Kensington Community High School, Part 369-391, 393-399 Macaulay Road,Kensington MB Wragg & Co Albermarle Street 47 Kensington - C - 2 HO251 R Lohn & Co Pty Ltd offices, HO251 Yes Yes factory and stores, later Kensington Community High School, Part 369-391, 393-399 Macaulay Road, Kensington MB Wragg & Co Albermarle Street 49 Kensington - C - 2 HO251 R Lohn & Co Pty Ltd offices, HO251 Yes Yes factory and stores, later Kensington Community High School, Part 369-391, 393-399 Macaulay Road, Kensington MB Wragg & Co Albermarle Street 51 Kensington - C - 2 HO251 R Lohn & Co Pty Ltd offices, HO251 Yes Yes factory and stores, later Kensington Community High School, Part 369-391, 393-399 Macaulay Road, Kensington North Melbourne Alfred Street 1 -33 North - D-C?8 - - No No Housing Commission Melbourne of Victoria Estate 8 well-preserved example, to be further assessed based on a typology developed across the State. Graeme Butler, 2013: 10