Hua Qian Kai Kang (Eds.) 121 Wireless Internet 7th International ICST Conference, WICON 2013 Shanghai, China, April 2013 Revised Selected Papers 123 Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 121 EditorialBoard OzgurAkan MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,Ankara,Turkey PaoloBellavista UniversityofBologna,Italy JiannongCao HongKongPolytechnicUniversity,HongKong FalkoDressler UniversityofErlangen,Germany DomenicoFerrari UniversitàCattolicaPiacenza,Italy MarioGerla UCLA,USA HisashiKobayashi PrincetonUniversity,USA SergioPalazzo UniversityofCatania,Italy SartajSahni UniversityofFlorida,USA Xuemin(Sherman)Shen UniversityofWaterloo,Canada MirceaStan UniversityofVirginia,USA JiaXiaohua CityUniversityofHongKong,HongKong AlbertZomaya UniversityofSydney,Australia GeoffreyCoulson LancasterUniversity,UK Hua Qian Kai Kang (Eds.) Wireless Internet 7th International ICST Conference WICON 2013 Shanghai, China, April 11-12, 2013 Revised Selected Papers 1 3 VolumeEditors HuaQian KaiKang ShanghaiInstituteofMicrosystem andInformationTechnology ChineseAcademyofSciences Shanghai,China E-mail:{hua.qian;kai.kang}@wico.sh ISSN1867-8211 e-ISSN1867-822X ISBN978-3-642-41772-6 e-ISBN978-3-642-41773-3 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-41773-3 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013951362 CRSubjectClassification(1998):C.2,H.4,H.3,F.2,K.6.5 ©ICSTInstituteforComputerScience,SocialInformaticsandTelecommunicationsEngineering2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection withreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredand executedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation, inistcurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsforuse maybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliabletoprosecution undertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication, neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsor omissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothe materialcontainedherein. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface OnbehalfoftheOrganizingCommittee,Iwouldliketowelcomeyoutothepro- ceedings of the 7th International ICST Wireless Internet Conference (WICON 2013)heldinShanghai,China.Shanghai,“ParisoftheOrient,”isoneofthemost prosperous Chinese cities. The featured architecture, cloud-capped skyscrapers, andlarge-scaleshoppingmallsareaperfectcombinationofChineseandWestern cultures. Inco-sponsorshipwiththeIEEEComputerSociety,thegoaloftheconference is to bring together technical experts and researchers from around world to discuss andexchangenovelideas inthe fieldoffuture Internet, wireless,mobile, and vehicular technology. Iwouldliketosincerelythankeveryonewhoperformedreviewsforpapersor helped to manage the review process. Itisfitting to expresshereourdeepestappreciationforthe commitmentand hardworkofallwhowereinvolvedinmakingthisconferenceasuccess,including the EAI, the IEEE, the Organizing and Technical ProgramCommittees. April 2013 Hua Qian Organization String Committee Xudong Wang Shanghai Jiao Tong University Hsiao-Hwa Chen National Cheng Kung University General Chairs Hua Qian Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tao Zhou Shanghai Research Institute, China Telecom Panels and Keynotes Chair Yang Yang Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Publicity Chair Zhaofeng Zhang Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Local Chair Fan Zhang Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Website Chair Kai Kang Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications Table of Contents Vehicular Communications and Heterogeneous Networks Pilots Aided Channel Estimation for Doubly Selective Fading Channel in Vehicular Environment ......................................... 1 Sunzeng Cai, Haiping Jiang, Hua Qian, and Weidong Xiang Dynamic Channel Estimation over Fast Time-varying Channel for Vehicle Wireless Communications .................................. 14 Haiping Jiang, Sunzeng Cai, Weidong Xiang, and Hua Qian The Android Intelligent Terminal-Based Implementation for Vertical Handover between Carrier-Grade WLAN and CDMA Networks........ 25 Zhou Tao, Shao Zhen, Shen Xiao, Liu Chen, and Xu Zhengfeng A Distributed Resource Allocation Algorithm in Multiservice Heterogeneous Wireless Networks .................................. 34 Juan Fan and Wuyang Zhou Quantitative Comparison of Radio Environments for T-Ring Test System ......................................................... 44 Ming Zhao, Peng Dong, Sihai Zhang, and Wuyang Zhou Cognitive Radio and Multi-antenna Systems Optimal Packet Length in Delay-Tolerant Networks under Mobile-to-Mobile Fading Channel .................................. 55 Yuan Liu, Sihai Zhang, Ming Zhao, and Wuyang Zhou TECSS: Time-Efficient Compressive Spectrum Sensing Based on Structurally Random Matrix in Cognitive Radio Networks ............ 65 Ye Tian, Quan Liu, and Xiaodong Wang An Overlay Architecture for MISO Cognitive Radio Systems .......... 72 Monirosharieh Vameghestahbanati, Hasan S. Mir, and Mohamed El-Tarhuni A Scalable Feedback-BasedApproach to Distributed Nullforming ...... 78 Muhammad M. Rahman, Soura Dasgupta, and Raghuraman Mudumbai System on a Programmable Chip Design of a Wireless Transceiver Prototype for Smart Grid Applications ............................. 85 Dan Shan, Weidong Xiang, Paul Richardson, and Hua Qian X Table of Contents 3G Networks and Beyond A Distributed Synchronization Algorithm for Femtocells Network ...... 96 Ligang Liu, Jiang Wang, and Jing Xu A Novel Downlink Power Setting Scheme For Macro-Femto Heterogeneous Networks .......................................... 104 Haitao Cheng, Xin Yang, Jun Zhu, Ben Pan, and Hua Qian A Cluster Head Assisted UE Switching Solution for Device-to-Device Communications................................................. 113 Jinling Du, Bin Zhou, Jing Xu, Zhenhong Li, Haifeng Wang, and Ligang Liu An Algorithm for Finding Energy Efficient Relay Positions in Cellular Network ........................................................ 123 Ming Zhao, Saifeng Ni, Sihai Zhang, and Wuyang Zhou Simulation and Analysis of EVDO Network for Mobile Internet Traffic Behavior........................................................ 137 Zhou Tao, Liu Chen, Shao Zhen, and Pu Han Ad Hoc and Mesh Networks A Novel Mobility Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ................ 145 Cheng Li, Zhangdui Zhong, Hao Wu, and Lei Xiong Two-Hop Geographic Multipath Routing in Duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks ................................................. 155 Yuhui Dong, Guangjie Han, Lei Shu, Hui Guo, and Chuan Zhu Impacts of Network Parameters on Data Collection in Duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks ......................................... 167 Hui Guo, Guangjie Han, Chenyu Zhang, Jia Chao, and Lei Shu Innovating R Tree to Create Summary Filter for Message Forwarding Technique in Service-Based Routing ................................ 178 Nguyen Thanh Long, Nguyen Duc Thuy, Pham Huy Hoang, and Tran Dinh Chien Research on Improving, Evaluating and Applying the Ternary Search Tree and Binary Search for Storing and Searching Content - Based Address for Forwarding Technique in Service-OrientedRouting ........ 189 Nguyen Thanh Long, Nguyen Duc Thuy, Pham Huy Hoang, and Tran Dinh Chien Author Index.................................................. 203 Pilots Aided Channel Estimation for Doubly Selective Fading Channel in Vehicular Environment Sunzeng Cai1,2, Haiping Jiang3, Hua Qian4, and Weidong Xiang5 1 Shanghai Instituteof Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS 2 Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network and Communication, CAS 3 ShanghaiResearch Center for Wireless Communications 4 ShanghaiInternet of Things Co., Ltd. 5 Department of ECE, University of Michigan-Dearborn {sunzeng.cai,haiping.jiang,hua.qian}@shrcwc.org, [email protected] Abstract. Invehiclecommunications,channelcharacteristicexperiences time and frequency selective fading due to high velocity of vehicle and rapid changes of surrounding scatters. The packet format for IEEE 802.11pstandardlimitsthechoiceofchannelestimationalgorithms.Con- ventionalchannelestimation algorithms perform thechannelestimation basedonthelongpreambletrainingsequence,thenappliestheestimated channel response to compensate for the entire packet. These algorithms are not optimal for a doubly selective channel in vehicle communica- tions. In this paper, to overcome the effect of doubly selective channel, we propose a novel pilot insertion scheme that covers all subcarriers in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously. Adaptive chan- nel estimation and equalization algorithms arethen developed based on thenewsystemarchitecture.Simulationsshowsignificantimprovements comparing to otherexiting methods. 1 Introduction In recent years, road construction is not an economic solution to improve the traffic condition any more. The Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) communication systems can help to improve the traffic, providevehicleinformationserviceandsafetyenhancement,aswellasdeliverthe vehicle entertainment service. Wireless access for vehicle environment (WAVE) is launchedrecentlyto realizethe vehiclecommunications.Among allcandidate technologies, the orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based IEEE 802.11p [1], which is published in 2010 by extending the IEEE 802.11 standard [2], is the most promising one. In V2V and V2I communications, the signal may be shadowed by building, scattered and diffracted by vehicle and roadside infrastructure. In these situ- ations, the frequency selectivity of the received signal can be worse than that for the indoor scenarios. In addition, the movement of vehicle leads to different doppler shift in each path, which causes the doppler spread in frequency. The H.QianandK.Kang(Eds.):WICON2013,LNICST121,pp.1–13,2013. (cid:2)c InstituteforComputerSciences,SocialInformaticsandTelecommunicationsEngineering2013 2 S. Cai et al. receivedsignalisalsoselectiveintimedomain.Thewirelesschannelisdoublyse- lectiveinhighvelocityvehiclecommunications.The wirelesschannelestimation and equalization are critical for the receiver performance. Traditional Wi-Fi is targeting at stationary and indoor environment. In IEEE802.11 standard, two long preamble sequences are included. The location of the known preamble and pilots of the IEEE802.11 standard is shown in Fig. 1(a). The channel estimation is applied based on the long preambles. Since the channel for a stationaryandindoor environmentdoes not changeovertime, the channel estimation based on the preambles can be applied to the entire packet. The pilots inserted in the subsequent OFDM symbols are not designed for the channelestimationpurpose.WhileinV2VandV2Icommunications,thechannel coherencetimeisshort,thechannelestimationresultsobtainedbythepreamble is not valid for the entire packet. The channel response must be estimated and updated in corresponding to the changes of the environment. In[3],adynamicchannelequalizationschemeisproposed,whichexploitsdata subcarriers aided channel estimation method. This method, on the other hand, mayleadtoerrorpropagationinlowSingle-to-NoiseRatio(SNR)region.In[4],a systemenhancementalgorithmisusedtoupdatethechannelresponse.However, the convergence velocity of the coefficients estimation cannot track the channel changes.Pseudo-Random-PostfixOFDM(PRPOFDM),whichinsertsadditional pseudo-random sequences before guard intervals, has been proposed in [5] [6]. However, adding additional training sequence sacrifices the data rate. In [7] [8], it proposed a method that insert training sequence for block transmissions over doubly selectivewirelessfadingchannels, this will notonlychangethe structure of the frame, but also reduce the data rate. In [9], a pseudo-pilot scheme is proposed. The pilot location is shown in Fig. 1(b). This scheme overcomes the shortcomings of the original IEEE802.11a standard by substituting pilots in selected data slots for channel equalization. On the other hand, this algorithm doesnottake intoconsiderationofthe channelcoherencetime, thus may notbe appropriate when the vehicle velocity changes. In this paper, we propose a new pilots aid channel equalization method. The conventionalfixed pilots inthe symbol arereplacedwith shifted pilots as shown in Fig. 1(c) and Fig. 1(d). The pilot shifts are determined based on coherence time and coherence frequency bandwidth defined in [10]. The channel estima- tion and equalization is updated adaptively for the data symbols based on the shiftedpilots. The restofthis paperis organizedasfollows:insection2,OFDM system model in IEEE802.11p standard is described. In section 3, we present the proposedchannel estimationmethod. Section4showsthe simulationresults andcomparethe systemperformancewithotherchannelestimationalgorithms. Finally, conclusion is drawn in section 5. 2 Conventional IEEE802.11p System For the IEEE802.11p standard, the OFDM is applied in physical (PHY) layer. The norminal channel bandwidth is divided into 64 subcarriers, with 48 data