ISWCS 2018 - Tutorial Wireless Communications and Networking with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Walid Saad Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Network Science, Wireless, and Security (NetSciWiS) Group Virginia Tech Email: [email protected] Group: http://www.netsciwis.com Personal: http://resume.walid-saad.com Outline Introduction and motivation  Part I: Channel modeling for UAVs  Part II: Performance analysis and tradeoffs  Part III: Optimal deployment  Part IV: Resource management for UAVs  Part V: Security  Concluding remarks  2 The inevitable rise of the UAV Few facts: The number of UAVs will skyrocket  from few hundreds in 2015 to 230,000 in 2035 Different types of aerial  objects/systems, LOS, BLOS OneWeb LEO constellation: 648 low- Includes drones, LAP, HAP, weight, low orbit and low latency  satellites positioned around 750 miles balloons, quadcopters, etc above Earth …+ SpaceX from E. Musk Google Project LOON Facebook Project Aquila Matternet 3 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Can be a small plane, balloon or drone  High altitude platform (HAP) above 15 km, or Low altitude platform  (LAP) between 200 m to 6 km Proposals from Facebook, Google, spaceX to connect the unconnected  Frequency bands for HAPs: 38-39.5GHz (global), 21.4-22 GHz  and 24.25-27.5GHz (region-specific) Remotely controlled or pre-programmed flight path  Control and non-payload communication (CNPC) systems  4 Countless Applications Applications  VR Communications, disaster management, search and rescue,  security, control, agriculture, IoT, etc Covering hotspots  V2V + 1000x more Smarter Advantages mobility  disaster Adjustable altitude  Coverage/capacity Potential Mobility  Low infrastructure low cost  Agriculture Limited available energy for Drones  Also, many challenges  5 Challenges Deployment Channel modeling Path planning/mobility Interference Energy efficiency Handover and Security and privacy moving cells Resource management 6 Wireless Back-/Fronthauling UAV-to-UAV communication required for coordination, interference  mitigation, relaying, routing in the air, etc. Satellite and WiFi considered as candidate technologies for providing  wireless backhauling depending on latency-bandwidth requirements Satellite backhauling brings the advantage of unlimited coverage  offering the possibility of connecting the aerial network for any distance However, the latency introduced by the satellite links (GEO) may affect  some real time services such as voice and real-time video. To avoid satellite delays and the cost, WiFi links can be used albeit  reduced coverage and capacity (doubtful QoS guarantees..) Recent interest in Free Space Optics Backhaul License free PtP narrow beams  But tackle rain, fog and cloud attenuations  7 Multi-connectivity to the rescue..?  Tools Usefuls for UAVs Control Theory Random matrix theory • Lyapunov • Asymptotics • Consensus Stochastic optimization Transport Theory • CSI/QSI uncertainties • Association 55GG++ • Mobility Physics Stochastic geometry • Mean field • BS/UE location • Random graph Economics Game theory (GT) and learning • Matching theory • Decision making • Pricing • Resource management • Clustering • Supervised, non-supervised learning In this tutorial, we will (briefly) touch on 8 GT, optimal transport, and learning Part I – Air-to Ground Channel Modeling for UAVs 9 Air-to-Ground AtG Channel Model Radio propagation in AtG channel differs from terrestrial  propagation models Typically radio waves in AtG channel travel freely without obstacles  for large distances before reaching the urban layer of man-made structures. UAV-ground channels typically include:  Line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS links  A number of multi-path components (MPC) due to reflection, scattering, and  diffraction by mountains, ground surface, foliage Common models define a LOS probability  between UAV and ground user that depends on: Environment (suburban, urban, dense urban)  Height (h) and density of the buildings (building/km2)  10