Churchill in April 1916, when Lieutenant-Colonel, commanding the 6th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers. Part of a battalion group photograph, taken near Ploegsteert, Belgium. WINSTON S. CHURCHILL by MARTIN GILBERT VOLUME III THE CHALLENGE OF WAR 1914–1916 Hillsdale College Press RosettaBooks 2015 Hillsdale College Press 33 East College Street Hillsdale, Michigan 49242 www.hillsdale.edu Winston S. Churchill: The Challenge of War, 1914–1916 (Volume III) Copyright © 1971 by C & T Publications Limited Originally published in 1971 by William Heinemann Ltd. in Great Britain and by Houghton Mifflin in the United States. All rights reserved. eBook edition published 2015 by Hillsdale College Press and RosettaBooks Cover art by Jirka Väätäinen (based on photograph from The Press Association Ltd, 18 September 1915) Cover design by Jay McNair ISBN Mobipocket edition: 9780795344527 www.RosettaBooks.com Dedicated to the Memory of Randolph Churchill Contents Illustrations Maps Preface Sources Acknowledgements to the New Edition Acknowledgements 1 ‘A REALLY HAPPY MAN’ 2 THE FIRST MONTH OF WAR 3 ‘THE ADMIRALTY IS NOW ON ITS TRIAL’ 4 THE DEFENCE OF ANTWERP 5 THE RETURN OF LORD FISHER 6 THE TURKISH PUZZLE 7 ‘OUR TROOPS ARE ROTTING’ 8 BY SHIPS ALONE 9 THE SEARCH FOR MEN 10 THE ASSUMPTION OF VICTORY 11 18 MARCH 1915: THE NAVAL ATTACK 12 25 APRIL 1915: THE GALLIPOLI LANDINGS 13 CRISIS 14 ‘I THOUGHT HE WOULD DIE OF GRIEF’ 15 LOYALTIES 16 THE DUCHY OF LANCASTER 17 UNHEEDED COUNSEL 18 ‘THE ESCAPED SCAPEGOAT’ 19 THE SEVEN-DAY GENERAL 20 IN TRAINING 21 PLOEGSTEERT 22 ‘YOU CAN BE PRIME MINISTER’ 23 HUMILIATION 24 ‘MY TRUE WAR STATION’ 25 ‘I AM LEARNING TO HATE’ 26 CAST ASIDE Facsimiles General Reference Maps Index of documents quoted Endnotes Illustrations Frontispiece Lieutenant-Colonel Churchill: near Ploegsteert, April 1916 [Major-General Sir Edmund Hakewill Smith] Section 1 1. Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty, inset Clementine Churchill, 1914 [‘Tatler’: 12 August 1914] 2. ‘Full Steam Ahead’: cartoon of Churchill by Poy, 4 August 1914 [Argus Press Ltd] 3. H. H. Asquith, at the end of 1915 [Radio Times Hulton Picture Library] 4. Field-Marshal Earl Kitchener of Khartoum in 1914 [Mansell Collection] 5. Churchill and Field-Marshal Sir John French, summer 1914 [Lady Patricia Kingsbury] 6. Prince Louis of Battenberg, January 1914 [Admiral of the Fleet Earl Mountbatten of Burma] 7. Churchill and Sir Edward Grey, 1914 [The Press Association Ltd] 8. British armoured train in action at Antwerp, October 1914 [The Times History of the War 1914] 9. A London bus used by the Royal Naval Division, and captured by the Germans at Antwerp, October 1914