., ~ . i ;i --; , '~- ·····,.18K COMMITTEE ON WIND INDUCED FORCES AND ." :! ;} TASK COMMITTE ON DESIGN4;~: ~._ ANCHOR BOLT T L~.2,~~ -.-..... .lJ a ! 1i -' .. f:, ;, .' .f-' 1( .1 ;; -~'-~= ,-j $i? ~ )"'1 Wind Loads and Anchor Bolt Design for Petrochemical Facilities Prepared by the TASK COMMITTEE ON WIND INDUCED FORCES and the TASK COMMITTEE ON ANCHOR BOLT DESIGN of the I, PETROCHEMICAL COMMITTEE of the ! \ ENERGY DIVISION of the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS ."''''. [ , ..... , ' , • . ~ ,, i , t • I I ! Published by ASCE ::=-EngI~ 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia 20191-4400 Abstract: Current codes and standards do not address many ofthe structures found inthe petrochemical indust!)". Therefore, many engineers and companies involved in the industry have independently developed procedures and techniques for handlingdifferentengineering issues. This lack ofstandardization in the industry has led to inconsistentstructural reliability. These reports, WindLoads on Petrochemical Facilities andDesign ofAnchorBolts in PetrochemicalFacilities, are intended as state-of-the-practice set ofguidelines in the determination ofwind induced forces and the design ofanchorbolts for petrochemical facilities, respectively. These reports are aimed at structural design engineers familiar with design ofindustrial-type structures. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wind loads and anchor bolt design for petrochemical facilities / prepared bythe Task Committeeon Wind Induced Forcesand the Task Committee on Anchor Bolt Designofthe Petrochemical Committee ofthe Energy Division ofthe American SocietyofCivil Engineers. p. cm. ISBN 0-7844-0262-0 I. Petroleum refineries--Design and construction. 2. Wind-pressure. I. American SocietyofCivil Engineers. Task Committee on Wind Induced Forces. II. American SocietyofCivil Engineers. Task Committeeon Anchor BoltDesign TH4571.W55 1997 97-20890 693.8'5--dc2l CIP The material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordancewith generally recognized engineering principlesand practices, and is for general information only. This information should not be used without first securing competent advice with respectto itssuitabilityfor anygeneral orspecificapplication. The contents ofthis publicationare not intended to be and should notbe construed to bea standard ofthe American SocietyofCivil Engineers (ASCE) and are not intended for use as areference in purchasespecifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, oranyother legal document. No reference made in this publication to any specificmethod, product, process orservice constitutesor implies an endorsement, recommendation, orwarrantythereofby ASCE. 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Copyright© 1997 by the American SocietyofCivil Engineers, All Rights Reserved. Library ofCongressCatalogCard No: 97-20890 ISBN 0-7844-0262-0 Manufactured in the United StatesofAmerica. mical industry. leveloped rrdization in the ochemical Jf-the-practice )lts for eers familiar Wind Loads on Petrochemical Jmmitteeon Facilities ical Committee ty ofCivil 19ineers. Task Prepared by the Task Committee on Wind Induced Forces generally is information for any general edtobea ~ as a reference r service ied, concerning orprocess (uding but not umstances not 5and other users provided that d Drive, $.25 per page. opyright Dept., The ASCE Petrochemical Energy Committee This publication is one offive state-of-the-practice engineering reports produced, to date, by the ASCE Petrochemical Energy Committee. These engineering reports are intended to be a summary of the current knowledge and design practice, and present guidelines for the design of petrochemical facilities. They represent a consensus opinion of task committee members active in their development. These five ASCE engineering reports are: 1) Design ofAnchorBoltsin PetrochemicalFacilities 2) Design ofBlastResistantBuildingsinPetrochemicalFacilities 3) Design ofSecondary Containment in PetrochemicalFacilities 4) Guidelinesfor Seismic Evaluation andDesign ofPetrochemicalFacilities 5) WindLoadsonPetrochemicalFacilities The ASCE Petrochemical Energy Committee was organized by A. K. Gupta in 1991 and initially chaired by Curley Turner. Under their leadership, the task committees were formed. More recently, the Committee has been chaired by J. A. Bohinskyfollowed by Frank Hsiu. Frank Hsiu 1. Marcell Hunt Chevron Research and Technology Company Hudson Engineering Corporation chairman secretary Joseph A. Bohinsky Brown& Root, Inc. William Bounds Fluor Daniel, Inc. Clay Flint Bechtel, Inc. John Geigel Exxon Chemical Company AjayaK. Gupta North Carolina StateUniversity Magdy H. Hanna Jacobs Engineering Group StevenR. Hemler EastmanChemical CO. Gayle S. Johnson EQE International, Inc. James A. Maple J. A. Maple & Associates Douglas1. Nyman D. J. Nyman & Associates Norman C. Rennalls BASF Corporation Curley Turner Fluor Daniel, Inc. 111 The ASCE Task Committee on Wind Induced Forces This report is intended to be a state-of-the-practice set ofguidelines It is based Ch. on reviews ofcurrent practice, internal company standards, published documents, and the work of related organizations. The report includes a list of references that provide additional information. This report was prepared to provide guidance in the determination of wind induced forces for petrochemical facilities. However, it should be of interest to structural design engineers familiar with design of industrial type structures and the Chi application ofASCE 7 "Minimum Design Loadsfor Buildingsandother Structures" to these type structures. The committee would like to thank Ahmad Nadeem who was assisted greatly with our research on open frame structures. Norman C. Rennalls Jon Ferguson BASF Brown & Root, Inc. chairman secretary Nguyen Ai Jacobs Engineering Group John Geigel Exxon Chemical Company UdaykurnarHate ~. W. Kellogg Company Cha ~anuelHeredia John BrownEngineers ~arcLevitan Louisiana State University ~arvin Lisnitzer Stone& Webster James~aple 1. A. ~aple & Associates Pravin Patel E.!. Du Pont De Nemours and Company Ted Puteepotjanan Raytheon Engineers and Constructors Ashvin Shah Fluor Daniel, Inc. Jerry Suderman Bechtel, Inc. John Tushek Dow Chemical Cha Reviewers J J AI Wussler EI Paso Natural Gas / Gas Processors Association J David Kemion RP~ Engineering Inc. Jon Peterka Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc. Cha IV CO:"TENTS ;. It is based Chapter 1: Introduction . ......................... I-I cuments, and ferences that 1.1 Background I-I 1.2 State ofthe Practice............................. 1-2 1.3 PurposeofReport 1-2 tion of wind )f interest to tures and the Chapter 2: Survey ofCurrent Design Practices 2-1 r Structures" 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 PipeRacks 2-1 greatly with 2.3 Open Frame Structures 2-4 2.4 Pressure Vessels 2-6 Chapter3: Comparisons ofDesign Practices 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.2 Pipe Racks 3-2 3.3 Open Frame Structures 3-5 3.4 Pressure Vesse1s .3-11 Chapter 4: Recommended Guidelines 4-1 4.0 General 4-1 4.1 Pipe Racks '. 4-2 4.2 Open Frame Structures 4-3 4.3 Pressure Vessels .4-16 Appendix 4A Alternate Method for Determining Cfand Load Combinations for Open Frame Structures .4-21 Chapter5: Examples. . 5-1 Appendix 5A Example - Pipe Racks 5-3 Appendix 5B Example - Open Frame Structures..................... .. 5-9 Appendix 5C Example - Pressure Vessels 5-19 Chapter6: Research Needs . . ~I 6.0 General............................... . 6-1 6.1 Research Priorities 6-2 v CONTENTS (Cont'd) Nomenclature A-l Glossary...................................... . c B-1 References C-1 This re industr a) b) c) 1111 and oil These( and its provisi( Buildinl adopte< 11lI requim codes. intercor platforn cylinder WI! Inll Cfis th, calculat' impoIU speed. VI