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Volume2: Preface Chapter3 Rotordesignandanalysis CarloL.BottassoandPietroBortolotti Chapter4 Drivetrainanalysisforreliabledesign ZhiweiZhang,YiGuoandChristopherK.Baker Chapter6 Windturbinecontroldesign AlanWright,PaulFleming,AndrewScholbrock,KathrynJohnson, LucyPao,andJan-WillemvanWingerden Chapter7 Systemsengineeringandoptimizationofwindturbines andpowerplants AndrewNing,KatherineDykes,andJulianQuick Chapter8 Windplantelectricalsystems:electricalgeneration,machines, powerelectronics,andcollectorsystems EduardMuljadi,RobertMarkNelmsandVahanGevorgian This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xv Listofacronyms xxvii 1 Aerodynamics:turningwindintomechanicalmotion 1 MartinO.L.Hansen 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Steadybladeelementmomentummethod 5 1.3 UnsteadyBEM 10 1.4 LiftinglinemodelandexplainingPrandtl’stip-losscorrection 17 1.5 Limitationstothesimpleraerodynamicmodels 21 References 22 2 Windturbineaero-servo-elasticityanddynamics 25 MortenHartvigHansen 2.1 Aero-servo-elasticmodeling 26 2.1.1 Nonlinearequationsofmotion 26 2.1.2 Structuraldissipation 29 2.1.3 Generalizedforces 30 2.1.4 Aero-servo-elasticstate-spacemodel 34 2.1.5 Existingcodes 36 2.2 Modaldynamics 37 2.2.1 Linearequationofstructuralmotion 37 2.2.2 Modaldynamicsof2-and3-bladedturbines 38 2.3 Aeroelasticstability 50 2.3.1 Linearaeroelasticequationsofmotion 51 2.3.2 Aerodynamicdamping 52 2.3.3 Classicalflutter 58 References 69 3 Rotordesignandanalysis 73 CarloL.BottassoandPietroBortolotti 3.1 Thedesignprocess 73 3.1.1 Goalsandrequirements 74 3.1.2 Certificationstandards 74