Carline, R.F., C. LoSapio, editors. 2014. Looking back and moving forward. Proceedings of the Wild Trout XI symposium, Bozeman, Montana. 392 pages. (Copy available at www.wildtroutsymposium.com). Wild Trout XI Steering Committee Dan Schill, Symposium Chair Fundraising: Amy Wolfe Session Moderators Chris Kozfkay, Secretary Jason Burckhardt Facilities: Pat Bigelow Mike Brinkley, Treasurer Jason Detar Publicity Committee Program Committee Robert Gresswell Leah Elwell, Chair Jason Burckhardt, Co-chair Maureen Kavanaugh Jennifer Earle Jacob Rash, Co-chair Steve Moore Paul Harper Jason Detar Cathy Purves Robert Gresswell Proceedings Committee Jacob Rash Kitty Griswold Robert Carline, Editor Dan Schill Maureen Kavanaugh Carol LoSapio, Designer Lorie Stroup Cathy Purves Audio/Visual: Jessica Registration and Lorie Stroup Buelow Reservations Awards Committee Photographer: Eric Stark Toni Lee and Amber Robertson, Montana State Steve Moore, Co-chair University Liz Mamer, Co-chair Wild Trout XI (2014) Steering Committee - front row, l-r: Jenny Earle, Bob Carline, Maureen Kavanagh, Jessica Buelow, Bob Gresswell; 2nd row, l-r: Chris Kozfkay, Pat Bigelow, Amy Wolfe, Cathy Purves; 3rd row, l-r: Paul Harper), Jason Detar, Steve Moore, Jake Rash, Dan Schill, Mike Brinkly; 4th row, l-r: Jason Burckhardt, Eric Stark To order printed copies of these proceedings contact Mike Brinkley at [email protected]. An electronic *.pdf file of this document, and all previous Wild Trout Symposiums, are available at www.wildtroutsymposium.com Logo design by Zach Matthews, American Angler Editor, The Itinerant Angler (www.itinerantangler.com) Proceedings of the Wild Trout XI Symposium West Yellowstone, MT September 22-25, 2014 Symposium Chair, Dan Schill Technical Editor, Robert F. Carline Proceedings Publisher, Carol LoSapio Premier Sponsors Supporting Sponsors ►Idaho Department of Fish and Game ►Henry’s Fork Foundation ►Trout Unlimited ►Midwest Lake Electrofishing Systems ►Smith-Root, Inc. Major Sponsors ►Madison River Foundation ►Urbani Fisheries, LLC ►USDA Forest Service In Kind Sponsors ►United States Geological Services ►Performance Fly Rods ►Western Native Trout Initiative ►Trout Ball by Greg Keeler ►Beyond Words by Carol LoSapio Event Sponsors ►Fisheries Conservation Foundation ►American Fisheries Society ►Flycasters of San Jose Awards ►International Federation of Fly Fishers ►Aldo Starker Leopold Wild Trout Awards ►Marty Seldon Graduate Student Scholarships ►Trout Unlimited / Federation of Fly Fishers Stewardship Award Wild Trout Symposium XI—Looking Back and Moving Forward (2014) A Reminder . . . WTXII will be held in 2017. Stay in contact through: www.wildtroutsymposium.com Thank you to the wonderful photographers who let us use their photos in this publication: Matt Mitro, Mark Smith, Lorie Stroup, and Leslie Reinhart. And to Eric Stark for helping us capture “the moment” as an image. Compiler’s note: To deliver symposium proceedings to readers as quickly as possible, manuscripts do not undergo full editing. Views expressed in each paper are those of the author and not necessarily those of the sponsoring organizations. Trade names are used for the information and convenience of the reader and do not imply endorsement or preferential treatment by the sponsoring organizations. Wild Trout Symposium XI—Looking Back and Moving Forward (2014) Table of Contents Wild Trout XI Symposium Program .............................................................................................1 2014 Program Schedule .....................................................................................................................3 Sponsors ............................................................................................................................................4 Awards ................................................................................................................................................9 Plenary Session.........................................................................................................................15 Evolution of the Wild Trout Symposium: A Mossback’s Perspective ................................................17 Robert E. Gresswell Wild Trout Symposia: The Intersection of Politics, Policies, and Science ........................................21 Robert F. Carline The Future of Wild Trout Management .............................................................................................27 Kevin A. Meyer Session 1: Role of Ecological Resilience in Wild Trout Management .......................................33 Life-History Diversity Increases Resilience of Rainbow Trout Populations in the Columbia Basin .............................................................................................35 Ian I Courter and David B Child Habitat for the Wild and Rare: A Users Guide .................................................................................43 Jeffrey J. Hastings California Golden Trout and Climate Change: Is Their Stream Habitat Vulnerable To Climate Warming? ...............................................................................................51 Kathleen R. Matthews and Sebastien C. Nussle Rewilding Native Trout: Opportunities for Stronghold Development Through Portfolio Planning .....58 Jack E. Williams and Amy L. Haak Restoring Trout Habitat in Difficult to Access Areas Using Mobile Wood Additions ..........................67 James M. MacCartney, John A. Magee, and John J. Field Session 2: Wild Trout Socioeconomics .....................................................................................75 Looking Back at Wild Trout: The History of “Wild” ............................................................................77 Jen Corrinne Brown A Plausible Explanation for Lapsed Trout Fishing Participation in Wisconsin ..................................81 Jordan B. Petchenik, R. Scot Stewart, Matthew G. Mitro, and Marty P. Engel Wild Trout and the Driftless Area: An Expanding Draw for Angling Tourism .....................................87 John (Duke) Welter Fly Fishing Through the Climate Change Crisis: Pedagogy, Stewardship, and Learning ‘The Trick of Quiet’ .....................................................................................................................91 William F. Grover Session 3: Struggling with Invasive Species .............................................................................99 Noble Versus Native—The Societal Challenges of Restoring Native Trout in Yellowstone National Park ........................................................................................................101 David E. Hallac, Pat Bigelow, Todd Koel, and P.J. White Lake Trout Spawning Behavior and Site Selection in Yellowstone Lake: Carrington Island and Beyond ....................................................................................................................103 Philip T. Sandstrom, Robert E Gresswell, Michael Parsley, Cory D Suski, Patricia Bigelow, Todd Koel, and Andy Danylchuck Didymo or Less? An Assessment of Biological Impact to a Virginia Tailwater ................................104 Paul E. Bugas, Jr., Stephen J. Reeser, and Dawn Kirk Contents—i Wild Trout Symposium XI—Looking Back and Moving Forward (2014) Coldwater as a Climate Shield to Preserve Native Trout Through the 21st Century ........................110 Daniel J. Isaak, Michael K. Young, David Nagel and Dona Horan Session 4: Brook Trout ............................................................................................................117 What are Brook Trout Hiding? Elevated Mercury Concentrations in Brook Trout Relative to Co-Habitating Brown Trout .....................................................................................119 Christopher J. Grant, Jennifer M. Graves, Allison K. Lutz, Jacob M. Oster, and Kristen Brubaker Rainbow Trout Versus Brook Trout Biomass and Production Under Varied Climate Regimes in Small Southern Appalachian Streams ...................................................................127 Bonnie J.E. Myers, C. Andrew Dolloff, and Andrew L. Rypel Healing in the Headwaters—A Brook Trout Research and Restoration Success Story .................135 David Thorne Fragmented Population Isolates Versus Well-Mixed Brook Trout Metapopulations: Which Should we Seek to Restore? .........................................................................................142 J. Todd Petty, Eric R. Merriam, and Brock M. Huntsman Brook Trout Metapopulation Restoration in an Appalachian Watershed ........................................150 Eric R. Merriam, J. Todd Petty, and Brock M. Huntsman The Importance of Scale: Assessing and Predicting Brook Trout Status in its Southern Native Range ............................................................................................................................159 Mark Hudy, Keith Nislow, Eric P. Smith, Arthur R. Cooper, and Dana M. Infante Patch-Based Metrics: A Cost Effective Method for Short- and Long-Term Monitoring of EBTJV Wild Brook Trout Populations? ...............................................................170 Andrew R. Whiteley, Mark Hudy, Zachary Robinson, Jason A. Coombs, and Keith Nislow Genetic Analysis of North Carolina’s Brook Trout with Emphasis on Previously Uncharacterized Collections .....................................................................................................180 Jacob M. Rash, Barbara A. Lubinski, and Tim L. King Using Patterns of Genetic Diversity to Detect the Signal of Supplemental and Restorative Stocking Among Native Brook Trout Populations ....................................................................190 Tim L. King and Aaron W. Aunins Behavioral and Genetic Diversity Among Ecotypes of Lake Superior Brook Trout .......................191 Sicoly, L. , R.L. McLaughlin, C.C. Wilson, R.W. Mackereth, and K. Nichols Status Assessment of Coastal and Anadromous Brook Trout in the United States ........................192 Daniel C. Dauwalter, Joseph McGurrin, Merry Gallagher, and Steve Hurley Gill Lice as a Proximate Cause of Brook Trout Loss Under Changing Climatic Conditions ...........200 Matthew G. Mitro, Sue Marcquenski, Kari Soltau, and Paul Kanehl Session 5: Status and Management of Natives Salmonids .....................................................207 The Hoback River: A Tale of Fish Survival ......................................................................................209 Diana S. Miller, Rob Gipson, and Darren Rhea Phenotype Predicts Genotype For Lineages of Native Cutthroat Trout in the Southern Rocky Mountains .....................................................................................................................215 Kevin R. Bestgen, Kevin B. Rogers, and Robert Granger Using Genetic Diversity to Inform Conservation Efforts for Native Cutthroat Trout of the Southern Rocky Mountains .......................................................................................................218 Kevin B. Rogers, Kevin R. Bestgen, and Janet Epp Whitewater Baldy Fire: What Does it Mean for Gila Trout Recovery? ............................................229 Jill M. Wick, David L. Propst, James E. Brooks, and Dustin J. Myers ii—Contents Wild Trout Symposium XI—Looking Back and Moving Forward (2014) Session 6: Regulations and Stocking ......................................................................................237 Contemporary Role of Special Regulations in Wild Trout Management: Assessment of Biologist Views in the Eastern and Midwestern U.S. ......................................239 Jason Detar, and Robert Carline Performance of Circle Hooks When Bait Fishing for Stream-Dwelling Trout ..................................247 Brett High, Kevin A. Meyer, and Christopher L. Sullivan Evaluating Potential Impact of Angler Bycatch on Threatened Bull Trout in Western Montana ....254 Wade Fredenberg Competition Between Wild Trout and Stocked “Catchable” Trout; A Literature Review and Thoughts an a Long-Standing Debate ...............................................................................263 Daniel J. Schill Session 7: Wild Trout Monitoring .............................................................................................273 Natural Marks for Identifying Individual Fish in Small Populations of At-Risk Westslope Cutthroat Trout ..........................................................................................................................275 Caitlin M. Gifford, and David W. Mayhood GPS-Based Snorkel Video-Mapping as an Innovative Survey Technique for Monitoring and Mapping Wild Brook Trout Populations in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park......282 Paul Ayers, Alexandra Shpik, Hunter Hill, and Matt Kulp Redd Counting for Monitoring Salmonids in Finnish Inland Waters ...............................................288 Jukka T. Syrjänen, Kimmo Sivonen, and Olli Sivonen Incidence of Spinal Injuries in Migratory Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Captured at Electric and Waterfall-Velocity Weirs ........................................................................................295 Erin I. Larson, Kevin A. Meyer, and Brett High Improving Management and Conservation Practices Through an Evaluation of Movement and Spatial Population Structure in the Logan River, Utah.......................................................302 Harrison Mohn, Phaedra Budy, and Brett Roper Trends in the Abundance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Idaho ..................................................309 Patrick Kennedy and Kevin A. Meyer Guerrilla Ecology: Toward an Effective Strategy for Monitoring Alberta’s Trout Streams in a Hostile Climate ...................................................................................................................316 David W. Mayhood Supplement .............................................................................................................................323 The Gyrodactylus Salaris Invasion in Norwegian Atlantic Salmon Rivers and the Eradication Strategy: Lessons Learned ....................................................................................325 Øystein Aas and Kjetil Olstad Using Collaborative Research to Improve Conservation and Restoration Practices of Native Brown Trout: A Twenty-Year History in Haute-Savoie Area, France ..............................335 Arnaud Caudron, Jordi Gil, and Alexis Champigneulle Whistlers of the Wild West: Assessing Wyoming’s Mountain Whitefish Populations. .....................343 Gordon P. Edwards Jr. Growth Variation in a Mid-Atlantic Brook Trout Population .............................................................350 David C. Kazyak, Robert H. Hilderbrand, and Matthew T. Sell Short-Term and Seasonal Movements of Brook Trout in the Upper Savage River Watershed, Garrett County, Maryland ......................................................................................357 Matthew T. Sell, Alan A. Heft, David C. Kazyak, Robert H. Hilderbrand, and Raymond P. Morgan II Extended Abstract: The Role of Norms and Informal Sanctions in a Rapidly Growing Catch-and-Release Atlantic Salmon Fishery ............................................................................363 Stian Stensland and Øystein Aas Contents—iii Wild Trout Symposium XI—Looking Back and Moving Forward (2014) Poster Presentation Mike Anderson, Julie Carter, and Mike Lopez ...............................................................................367 Eric August, and Jason R Chircop .................................................................................................367 Paul Ayers, and Alexandra Shpik ...................................................................................................368 Michael Bessert, Henry Hansen, Henry Brady, Tom Xiong, and Marty Engel ...............................368 Walter S Brown ..............................................................................................................................368 Jessica Buelow ..............................................................................................................................369 R. Chad Chorney ...........................................................................................................................369 Rigoberto Delgado Vega, Gorgonio Ruiz Campos, Faustino Camarena Rosales, Carmen Paniagua ChaveZ, and Miguel A del Rio Portilla .......................................................369 Marika E. Dobos, Michael C. Quist, and Matthew P. Corsi ............................................................370 Jennifer E Earle, and Jim D Stelfox ...............................................................................................370 Christopher M Free, Olaf P Jensen, Susan A Crate, and Bud Mendsaikhan ................................371 Bryan J Giordano, and Mark R Luttenton ......................................................................................371 Kala R Hernandez, Timothy Copland, and Kristin Wright ..............................................................372 Dona L Horan, Sherry Wollrab, Daniel J Isaak, and Brett B Roper ...............................................372 Shelley A Humphries......................................................................................................................372 Frances M. Iannucci, Olaf P. Jensen, Jason D. Stockwell, Talia Young, and Andrea Lini .............373 Daniel J Isaak, and Bruce E Rieman .............................................................................................374 Daniel J Isaak, Seth J Wenger, Erin E Peterson, Jay Ver Hoef, and Charlie Luce ........................374 Daniel J Isaak, Seth Wenger, Erin Peterson, Jay Ver Hoef, and Dave Nagel ...............................375 Darrell Jobson, and Chris Stoesz ..................................................................................................375 Jeff Kershner, and Jack Williams ...................................................................................................375 Jeremy L Kientz, Jacob L. Davis, Jerry W. Wilhite, Steven R. Chipps, and Gregory Simpson .....376 Edward Maillett ..............................................................................................................................376 Eric W Malone, Alec Zerbian, Mark Cornwell, Ben German, and Peter Nichols............................377 Philip T. Mathias .............................................................................................................................377 Matthew G. Mitro, John Lyons, Jana Stewart, and Steve Westenbroek ........................................378 Helen Neville, Carol Evans, Paul Pettit, Jon Griggs, and John Zablocki .......................................378 Mark Pepper, Jon Reynolds, Ben Roberts, and Tod Williams .......................................................379 Jessica Reilly, David Coltman, and Cindy Paszkowski ..................................................................379 Leslie Reinhardt .............................................................................................................................380 Shawn M. Rummel, and Amy Wolfe ..............................................................................................380 Michael V. Shingleton ....................................................................................................................380 Daniel A. Sinopoli...........................................................................................................................381 Eric J. Stark, and Brian S. Ayers ....................................................................................................382 Kajsa Eagle Stromberg, Wade Jerome, Jeff Johnson, Dave Leptich, and Sergio Pierluissi .........382 Jukka Syrjänen, Johnny R Norrgård, Ari Huusko, Erno Salonen, and Olli Urpanen .....................383 Dianne M. Timmins ........................................................................................................................383 Scott A. Tolentino ...........................................................................................................................384 Thea Vanderwey, Laura Redfield, Brett Bowersox, and Michael W. Ackerman .............................384 Nicholas J. Walrath, and Scott C. Christy ......................................................................................384 Casey Weathers, Tim King, Jay Stauffer, Steve Moore, and Matt Kulp .........................................385 Richard N Williams, and Daniel C Dauwalter ................................................................................385 List of Participants ...................................................................................................................387 iv—Contents Wild Trout XI Symposium Program Wild Trout XI Symposium Program Wild Trout XI Symposium Program—1 2—Wild Trout XI Symposium Program