International Journal of Antennas and Propagation Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and UWB Wireless Applications Guest Editors: Renato Cicchetti, Antonio Faraone, Diego Caratelli, and Massimiliano Simeoni Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and UWB Wireless Applications International Journal of Antennas and Propagation Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and UWB Wireless Applications GuestEditors:RenatoCicchetti,AntonioFaraone,DiegoCaratelli, and Massimiliano Simeoni Copyright©2013HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved. Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticlesdistributed undertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,pro- videdtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Editorial Board M.Ali,USA SelvanT.Krishnasamy,India SadasivaM.Rao,USA CharlesBunting,USA TribikramKundu,USA SembiamR.Rengarajan,USA FelipeCa´tedra,Spain FranciscoFalconeLanas,Spain AhmadSafaai-Jazi,USA Dau-ChyrhChang,Taiwan Ju-HongLee,Taiwan SafieddinSafavi-Naeini,Canada DebChatterjee,USA ByungjeLee,RepublicofKorea MagdalenaSalazar-Palma,Spain Z.N.Chen,Singapore L.Li,Singapore StefanoSelleri,Italy MichaelYanWahChia,Singapore YilongLu,Singapore ZhongxiangShen,Singapore Shyh-JongChung,Taiwan AtsushiMase,Japan JohnJ.Shynk,USA LorenzoCrocco,Italy AndreaMassa,Italy MandeepSinghJitSingh,Malaysia TayebA.Denidni,Canada GiuseppeMazzarella,Italy Seong-YoupSuh,USA AntonijeR.Djordjevic,Serbia DerekMcNamara,Canada ParveenWahid,USA KaruP.Esselle,Australia C.Mecklenbra¨uker,Austria YuanxunEthanWang,USA MiguelFerrando,Spain MicheleMidrio,Italy DanielS.Weile,USA VincenzoGaldi,Italy MarkMirotznik,USA TatSoonYeo,Singapore WeiHong,China AnandaMohan,Australia YoungJoongYoon,Korea HonTatHui,Singapore P.Mohanan,India Jong-WonYu,RepublicofKorea TamerS.Ibrahim,USA PavelNikitin,USA WenhuaYu,USA NemaiKarmakar,Australia A.D.Panagopoulos,Greece AnpingZhao,China Se-YunKim,RepublicofKorea MatteoPastorino,Italy AhmedA.Kishk,Canada MassimilianoPieraccini,Italy Contents Wideband,Multiband,Tunable,andSmartAntennaSystemsforMobileandUWBWireless Applications,RenatoCicchetti,AntonioFaraone,DiegoCaratelli,andMassimilianoSimeoni Volume2013,ArticleID254807,3pages InnovativeRadiatingSystemsforTrainLocalizationinInterferenceConditions,C.Vegni,M.Tosti, andA.M.Vegni Volume2013,ArticleID623950,13pages AnalysisandDesignofaNovelCompactMultibandPrintedMonopoleAntenna,JunjunWangand XudongHe Volume2013,ArticleID694819,8pages AReconfigurableTriple-Notch-BandAntennaIntegratedwithDefectedMicrostripStructure Band-StopFilterforUltra-WidebandCognitiveRadioApplications,YingsongLi,WenxingLi, andQiuboYe Volume2013,ArticleID472645,13pages AModifiedVivaldiAntennaforImprovedAngular-DependentFidelityProperty,ZhiZeng,KeXu, ZhaohuiSong,andQinyuZhang Volume2013,ArticleID270845,7pages Dual-BandIntegratedAntennasforDVB-TReceivers,AndreaD’alessandro,RobertoCaso, MarcosR.Pino,andPaoloNepa Volume2013,ArticleID941924,9pages WirelessSensingfortheRespiratoryActivityofHumanBeings:MeasurementsandWide-band NumericalAnalysis,LorenzoScalise,ValterMarianiPrimiani,PaolaRusso,AlfredoDeLeo,DesarShahu, andGrazianoCerri Volume2013,ArticleID396459,10pages RecentDevelopmentsinReconfigurableandMultibandAntennaTechnology,N.Haider,D.Caratelli, andA.G.Yarovoy Volume2013,ArticleID869170,14pages SparseChannelEstimationforMIMO-OFDMTwo-WayRelayNetworkwithCompressedSensing, AihuaZhang,ShouyiYang,andGuanGui Volume2013,ArticleID914734,6pages PlanarUltrawidebandAntennawithPhotonicallyControlledNotchedBands,DraskoDraskovic, JeanRaphae¨lOlivierFernandez,andCe´sarBrisoRodr´ıguez Volume2013,ArticleID924768,6pages SafetyAspectsofPeopleExposedtoUltraWidebandRadarFields,MartaCavagnaro,StefanoPisa, andErikaPittella Volume2013,ArticleID291064,7pages PlanarPrintedShortedMonopoleAntennawithCoupledFeedforLTE/WWANMobileHandset Applications,Do-GuKangandYoungjeSung Volume2013,ArticleID151864,6pages ATwinSpiralPlanarAntennaforUWBMedicalRadars,GiuseppeA.Zito,EnricoM.Staderini, andStefanoPisa Volume2013,ArticleID684185,6pages Structure-BasedEvolutionaryProgrammingDesignofBroadbandWireAntennas, GiovanniAndreaCasula,GiuseppeMazzarella,andGiorgioMontisci Volume2013,ArticleID945408,8pages ACompactUWBAntennawithaQuarter-WavelengthStripinaRectangularSlotfor5.5GHzBand Notch,PichetMoeikham,ChatreeMahatthanajatuphat,andPrayootAkkaraekthalin Volume2013,ArticleID574128,9pages HighGainCompactStripandSlotUWBSinuousAntennas,ElsonAgastra,LeonardoLucci, GiuseppePelosi,andStefanoSelleri Volume2012,ArticleID721412,9pages Compact,FrequencyReconfigurable,PrintedMonopoleAntenna,RicardoGonc¸alves,PedroPinho, andNunoB.Carvalho Volume2012,ArticleID602780,6pages Parasitic-Element-LoadedUWBAntennawithBand-StopFunctionforMobileHandsetWirelessUSB, YohanLim,YoungJoongYoon,andByungwoonJung Volume2012,ArticleID427841,6pages OptimizedUltrawidebandandUniplanarMinkowskiFractalBranchLineCoupler, MohammadJahanbakhtandMohammadTondroAghmyoni Volume2012,ArticleID695190,4pages HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation Volume2013,ArticleID254807,3pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/254807 Editorial Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and UWB Wireless Applications RenatoCicchetti,1AntonioFaraone,2DiegoCaratelli,3andMassimilianoSimeoni4 1DepartmentofInformation,ElectronicandTelecommunicationEngineering,UniversityofRome“LaSapienza”,Rome,Italy 2ChiefTechnicalOffice,MotorolaSolutionsInc.,FortLauderdale,FL33322,USA 3MicrowaveTechnologyandSystemsforRadar,DelftUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands 4EuropeanSpaceAgency,ESTEC-Keplerlaan,ZHNoordwijk,TheNetherlands CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoRenatoCicchetti;[email protected] Received6August2013;Accepted6August2013 Copyright©2013RenatoCicchettietal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. 1.Introduction the identification of integration techniques with the host platform. Important efforts have been devoted to the char- With the advent of high data rate 3G and 4G wireless acterizationoftheradiochannelforMIMOsystems. communication systems and the app-based use paradigm, Thespecialissueiscomposedof18contributionsthatcan wireless connectivity through multiple air interfaces has bedividedintothefollowing8clusters. become a common requirement in the RF architecture of newgenerationmobilecommunicationdevices.Themodern wirelesshandseteasilyincorporatesthreeormoreantennas 2.ContributionstoReconfigurable to enable cellular, Wi-Fi, and GPS connectivity, frequently andMultibandAntennaTechnology overmultiplebands.Multipleantennasystemsarefrequently designed to implement diversity or spatial multiplexing In “Recent developments in reconfigurable and multiband schemes,asinthecaseofWCDMAandLTE,toincreasethe antennatechnology”byN.Haideretal.,theauthorspresent resiliencyandcapacityofwirelesslinks,andeventooperate a comparativeanalysisofvariousreconfigurableandmulti- multiplevoice/datalinkssimultaneously.Concurrently,ultra- bandantennaconcepts.Inparticular,threebasicapproaches, wideband(UWB)systemsusedinshortrangecommunica- tunable/switchableantennaintegrationwithradiofrequency tions, remote sensing, and through-the-wall radar imaging switchingdevices, widebandormultibandantennaintegra- haveintroducedanewparadigminantennadesignwherethe tionwithtunablefilters,andarrayarchitectureswiththesame mitigationofpulsedistortionisoftheessence,thusrequiring apertureutilizedfordifferentoperationalmodes,havebeen a shift in antenna design approach and the introduction of analyzedindetailshowinginherentbenefitsandchallenges. novelradiatingsystems. In“Areconfigurabletriple-Notch-Bandantennaintegrated This special issue is intended to reflect current R&D with defected microstrip structure band-stop filter for ultra- trends and novel approaches in the analysis and synthesis wideband cognitive radio applications” by Y. Li et al., the of antenna systems for the new generation of mobile com- authors describe a reconfigurable UWB monopole antenna municationdevices,suchassmartphones,tablets,andlaptop forcognitiveradioapplications.Threenarrowband-notched computersaswellasforUWBcommunicationsystemsand frequencies are obtained using a defected microstrip struc- radars. A particular emphasis has been paid to the analysis ture(DMS),astopbandfilter(BSF)embeddedinthemicro- and design of broadband, multiband, and reconfigurable strip feed line, and an inverted 𝜋-shaped slot etched in antennas for wireless and UWB applications, as well as to the rectangular radiant patch, respectively. Reconfigurable 2 InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation characteristics of the proposed cognitive radio antenna are In “Parasitic-element-loaded UWB antenna with band- achieved by means of four ideal switches integrated on the stop function for mobile handset wireless USB” by Y. Lim DMS-BSFandtheinverted𝜋-shapedslot. et al., the authors present an antenna loaded by parasitic In“Planarultrawidebandantennawithphotonicallycon- elements for the wireless USB of mobile handsets useful trolled notched bands” by D. Draskovic et al., the authors for UWB service in which a band-stop function of 5.725– describe a planar microstrip-fed UWB printed circular 5.825GHz WLAN band is required. To this end, two kinds monopoleantennawithopticallycontrollednotchedbands. of parasitic elements are incorporated into a rectangular TheproposedantennaiscomposedofacircularUWBpatch, radiatortoobtainenhancedimpedancebandwidthandband- with an etched T-shaped slot controlled by an integrated stopfunction.Inthisway,bandwidthsof3.15–4.75GHzand optical switch. The slot modifies the frequency response of of7.2–10.2GHzareachieved,whilethefrequencyband5.725– theantennasuppressingthe3.5–5GHzbandwhentheswitch 5.825GHzissuppressed. isinanopenstate.Theopticalswitchiscontrolledbyalow- powerlaserdioderenderingtheantennaremotelycontrolled bymeansofanopticalfiber. 4.ContributionstoAntennasfor In“Compact,frequencyreconfigurable,printedmonopole UWBApplications antenna” by R. Gonc¸alves et al., the authors propose, a compactreconfigurableprintedmonopoleantenna,usefulto In“AcompactUWBantennawithaquarter-wavelengthStrip operate in the UMTS and WLAN bands. To this purpose a inaRectangularslotfor5.5GHzbandnotch”byP.Moeikham chip inductor and PIN diode are employed to modify the etal.,theauthorspresentamonopoleUWBantennaintegrat- electricallengthofthemonopolemakingtheantennaableto inganotchfiltertoreducetheelectromagneticinterferences operateinthementionedfrequencybands. (EMIs)withWLAN/WiMAXcommunicationsystemsoper- ating in the frequency band located around 5.5GHz. Con- sisting in a rectangular slot including a quarter-wavelength 3.ContributionstoBroad-and stripintegratedonthelowerinneredgeoftheUWBradiating MultibandingTechniques patch,thefilterproposedbytheauthorsiscapableofreducing theenergyemissioninthefrequencyrangebetween5.1and In“Analysisanddesignofanovelcompactmultibandprinted 5.75GHz resulting in lower EMIs with sensible electronic monopoleantenna”byJ.WangandX.He,theauthorspresent equipmentworkinginthisfrequencyband. a compact T-shaped multiband printed monopole antenna In “A modified vivaldi antenna for improved angular- integratingsomeU-shapedband-notchstructures.Thepro- dependent fidelity property” by Z. Zeng et al., the authors posedantennaoperatesat2.25–2.7GHz,3.25–3.6GHz,4.95– present a modified Vivaldi antenna optimized to radiate 6.2GHz, and 7-8GHz, covering the operation bands of impulsive signals. To this end, a spatial filter consisting of Bluetooth,WiMAX,andWLANandthedownlinkoftheX- twosuitabledielectricslabsparalleltotheantennasubstrate bandsatellitecommunicationsystems. is introduced. As a result, the fidelity factor indicating the In “Dual-band integrated antennas for DVB-T receivers” qualityoftheradiatedfieldissignificantlyimproved.Infact, byA.D’alessandroetal.,theauthorspresentanoverviewon the experimental measurements show that the ranges with compactPlanarInverted-FAntennas(PIFAs)thataresuitable the fidelity factor better than the value of 0.9 are improved for monitor-equipped devices. High efficiency PIFAs with by95%inH-planeandby14%inE-plane,respectively,with a percentage bandwidth greater than 59% (470–862MHz respecttoaconventionalVivaldiantenna. DVB-T band) are shown. Finally, to show the extreme In“HighgaincompactstripandslotUWBsinuousanten- flexibility of the previous two configurations, a novel dual- nas” by E. Agastra et al., the authors analyze three ground- band L-shape PIFA has been proposed. The L-shape PIFA backed compact strip and slot sinuous antennas. The pro- prototype is obtained by properly cutting and folding a posed configuration allows for a single lobe, polarization- singlemetalsheet,thusresultinginarelativelylow-costand versatile, high efficiency, and ultrawideband antenna not mechanicallyrobustantennaconfiguration. needing a cumbersome lossy back cavity typical of conven- In“Planarprintedshortedmonopoleantennawithcoupled tionalsingle-lobesinuousantennas. feed for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications” by D. Kang and Y. Sung, the authors present a shorted monopole antennawithcoupledfeedforLTE/WWANmobilehandset 5.ContributionstoSpecialMaterials, applications. The basic resonance of the shorted monopole andFabricationTechniques combines with the resonance caused by the interaction betweenthecouplingstripandthefeedingpadtocoverthe In“Innovativeradiatingsystemsfortrainlocalizationininter- LTE700,GSM850,andGSM900bands.Boththefeedingpad ference conditions” by C. Vegni et al., the authors, firstly, and the coupling strip operate with the shorting strip as a proposeaninnovativeradiatingsystemsbasedonthemeta- loop antenna. The resonance of the loop antenna and the material technology for global navigation satellite system harmonics of the shorted monopole combine to cover the (GNSS) applications in radio frequency interference condi- GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, and LTE2300 bands. A stable tions.Secondly,fixedradiationpatternantenna(FRPA),and and omnidirectionalradiation pattern with reasonable gain controlled radiation pattern antenna (CRPA) phased array hasbeenobservedovertheoperatingbandwidth. configurations of miniaturized patch antennas are studied. InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation 3 Finally,thedesignofthephasedarrayisappliedtoaGNSS the authors present a directional coupler, based on a non- userreceiverinarealisticrailwayenvironment. Euclidean Minkowski fractalgeometryable to operate with excellent isolation and low insertion losses over the UWB 6.ContributionstoWirelessSystemsfor frequencyrange.Theproposeddevicepresentsgoodintegra- RemoteControlofVitalParameters tionfeaturesthatmakeitsuitabletobeemployedasapower dividerinelectroniccircuitryorinthearrayofbroadbandor In “A twin spiral planar antenna for UWB medical radars” UWBantennas. by G. A. Zito et al., the authors propose a planar-spiral antennausefultobeemployedinanUWBradarsystemfor 9.ContributionstoMIMOAntennaSystems heart activitymonitoring.The proposedantennapresents a andChannelModeling reflection coefficient lower than −8dB over the 3–12GHz band, while the coupling between the two spiral dipoles is In “Sparse channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM two-way about−20dB.Numericalsimulationsindicatethattheradi- relay network with compressed sensing” by A. Zhang et al., ation impedance variation, caused by the thorax vibrations the authors propose a sparse channel estimation scheme at associatedwithheartactivity,isthemostlikelyexplanation end users under the relay channel to enable us to exploit oftheUWBradaroperation. sparsity.First,theyformulatethesparsechannelestimation In “Wireless sensing for the respiratory activity of human problemasacompressedsensingproblembyusingthesparse beings:measurementsandwide-bandnumericalanalysis”by decomposition theory. Second, the CIR is reconstructed L.Scaliseetal.,theauthorsproposeanRFsensingsystemfor by CoSaMP and OMP algorithms. The numerical results theremotecontroloftherespiratoryactivity.Theproposed confirm the superiority of the proposed methods over the sensing system is based on the measurement of the phase traditionallinearchannelestimationmethods. variationofthereflectioncoefficientcausedbytherespiratory activity. The phase signal compared with the thorax dis- Acknowledgments placementmeasuredbyareferenceinstrumentshowsahigh correlationwithdifferentsubjectpostures(sitting,standing, Theeditorswouldliketoexpresstheirgratitudetotheauthors andlying),andareductionofthesignalamplitudewiththe andtheanonymousreviewersfortheircontributionstothis distance−0.11dB/cmisreported.Theproposedsystemmakes specialissue. itpossibletooperateatdistancesupto2.5m. In “Safety aspects of people exposed to ultra wideband RenatoCicchetti radarfields”byM.Cavagnaroetal.,theauthorsanalyzethe AntonioFaraone safetyaspectsofpeopleexposedtoafieldemittedbyUWB DiegoCaratelli radar for breath activity monitoring, operating both in the MassimilianoSimeoni spatial environment and on ground. The basic restrictions andreferencelevelsreportedintheICNIRPsafetyguideline areconsidered,andthecomplianceofelectromagneticfields radiatedbyaUWBradarwiththeselimitshasbeenevaluated. TheauthorsshowthatifthefieldemittedbytheUWBradar is compliant with spatial and/or ground emission masks, then both reference levels and basic restrictions are largely satisfied. 7.ContributionstoNumerical andAnalyticalTechniquesforAntenna ModelingandDesign In “Structure-based evolutionary programming design of broadbandwireantennas”byG.A.Casulaetal.,theauthors present a designed technique for wideband wire antennas. The technique, based on the structure-based evolutionary programming,isusedtodesignabroadbandantenna,oper- ating in the 3–16GHz frequency band, with an end-fire radiationpattern,highgain,goodimpedancematching,and robustnesswithrespecttorealizationtolerances. 8.ContributionstoPassiveDevicesper UWBApplications In“Optimizedultrawidebandanduniplanarminkowskifractal branchlinecoupler”byM.JahanbakhtandM.T.Aghmyoni,