W E R N I C Why Is Soccer Played Eleven Against Eleven? reveals one K E LUCIANO WERNICKE hundred facts of soccer history and rules that are either unknown or little known, such as why soccer is played eleven against eleven, why soccer matches last 90 minutes, who the fi rst coach was, how the referee appeared, and who invented W goal nets, red and yellow cards, the penalty, and the penalty H shoot-out. Included in this book are funny and weird anecdotes, Y WHY IS SOCCER PLAYED such as the case of a player who scored a goal...without ever I S having stepped on the pitch...making this book the complete resource on the beautiful game of soccer. S O C Millions of soccer fans will fi nd all the answers to any question C they could possibly have—including those they may not have E thought of—in this amusing, yet informative, book by journalist R Luciano Wernicke. P L A Y THE AUTHOR E AGAINST D Luciano Wernicke was born in Argentina. He graduated from the University of Salvador with a degree in journalism. Wer- nicke worked for 22 years in the news agency Diarios y Noti- cias (DyN) and for numerous Argentine media such as the sports newspaper Olé. Wernicke taught for almost 20 years in institutions such as the Círculo de Periodistas Deportivos A and the Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (UADE). His G A books have been published in Spanish, English, Italian, Czech, I N Finnish, and Arabic. S EVERYTHING YOU NEED T TO KNOW ABOUT SOCCER $ 14.95 US ISBN 978-1-78255-137-9 All books available as e-books. www.m-m-sports.com M& M 18_01_09_Umschlag_Why_is_Soccer_played_eleven_against_eleven?_an.indd Alle Seiten 06.02.18 15:19 Why Is Soccer Played Eleven Against Eleven? 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 1 12.02.18 10:52 LUCIANO WERNICKE WHY IS SOCCER PLAYED AGAINST EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SOCCER The contents of this book were carefully researched. However, all information is supplied without liability. Neither the author nor the publisher will be liable for possible disadvantages or damages resulting from this book. 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 2 12.02.18 10:52 LUCIANO WERNICKE WHY IS SOCCER PLAYED AGAINST EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SOCCER 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 3 12.02.18 10:52 Original Title: ¿Por Qué Juegan Once Contra Once? © Luciano Wernicke, 2017 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Why Is Soccer Played Eleven Against Eleven? Maidenhead: Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd., 2018 ISBN: 978-1-78255-809-5 All rights reserved, especially the right to copy and distribute, including translation rights. No part of this work may be produced–including by photocopy, microfilm or any other means–processed, stored electronically, copied or distributed in any form whatsoever without the written permission of the publisher. © 2018 by Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd. Aachen, Auckland, Beirut, Cairo, Cape Town, Dubai, Hägendorf, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Manila, New Delhi, Singapore, Sydney, Tehran, Vienna Member of the World Sports Publishers’ Association (WSPA), www.w-s-p-a.org ISBN: 978-1-78255-809-5 Email: [email protected] www.m-m-sports.com 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 4 12.02.18 10:52 Contents CONTENTS Introduction ..................................... 10 1. Where Did Soccer Begin?....................... 12 2. Who Wrote the First Rules of Soccer? ............. 18 3. Did the Goal Ever Have a Different Value? ......... 21 4. What Was the First “Official” Soccer Regulation?.... 23 5. What Was the First “Official” Match? ............. 28 6. Why Is Soccer Played Eleven Against Eleven? ...... 31 7. Why Do Soccer Matches Last 90 Minutes? ......... 35 8. When Were Goalkeepers Allowed to Use Their Hands? 36 9. Who Was the First Referee? ..................... 40 10. Which Is the Oldest Soccer Club? ................ 44 11. Why Do We Say “Score a Goal,” “Derby,” “League,” and “Hooligan?” .............................. 46 12. What Was the First Match Played Outside of Great Britain? ..................................... 52 13. What Was the First International Match? ........... 54 14. What Was the First Official Soccer Tournament?..... 56 15. What Was the Strangest Soccer Game Ever? ........ 59 16. How Were the Designs and Colors of the First T-Shirts Determined? ................................. 60 17. Did a Team Ever Become Champion of a Tournament Without Playing a Single Game? ................. 63 18. What Was the First Time That a Team Included Two Father and Son Players for an Official Competition?.. 66 19. What Was the First Official Tournament for National Teams? ..................................... 68 5 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 5 12.02.18 10:52 WHY IS SOCCER PLAYED AGAINST 20. What Was the Biggest Thrashing in an Official Premier Division Championship?........................ 70 21. Who Invented the Penalty Kick Shootout?.......... 75 22. Who Was the Oldest Player to Play in an Official Match?. 77 23. Which Team Is Considered the First Champion of the World? ........................................ 78 24. How Did the Round-Robin League System Come About in Soccer?.............................. 80 25. Who Was the First Professional Soccer Player?...... 82 26. What Is the Most Unusual Recruitment in the History of Soccer?............................. 85 27. Who Scored the First Own Goal in an Official Match?.. 89 28. Who Was the First Goalkeeper to Score a Goal in an Official Match?............................... 91 29. Who Was the First Coach? ...................... 94 30. Who Was the First Black Player to Play in an Official Match?............................... 96 31. Which Was the First Soccer Match Played Using Artificial Light?............................... 98 32. When Did the First Player Substitution in an Official Tournament Occur? .................... 100 33. Who Invented the Goal Net?.................... 102 34. Which Team Was the First to Be Relegated? And Which One Was the First to Be Promoted?..... 104 35. Why Was the Penalty Kick Invented?............. 106 36. What Was the Biggest Difference in Number of Players Between Two Teams in an Official Match?.. 109 37. Was There Ever a Goalkeeper With Glasses?....... 111 38. What Was the Longest Match?.................. 114 39. Who Was the First Professional Soccer Player to Cling to a Curious Superstition?................. 116 6 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 6 12.02.18 10:52 Contents 40. Which Country Was the First to Become a “World Power” in Soccer?............................ 118 41. Who Were the Riskiest Players?................. 120 42. Who Was the Biggest Professional Soccer Player in History? ......................................124 43. What Was the Shortest Official Tournament Ever? .. 127 44. Can You Follow Your Favorite Team After Death? .. 129 45. How Did the Copa America Begin? .............. 131 46. When Was the First Olympic Soccer Tournament Played?.......................................133 47. Who Was the First Goalkeeper to Wear Gloves? .... 134 48. Which First Division Team Holds the Record for Playing With the Most Siblings?................. 136 49. Who Invented the Red and Yellow Cards?......... 138 50. Who Scored the First Goal of a South American Team Against a European Team? ................ 139 51. Which Official Competition Allowed Matches of 30-Minute Halves? ........................... 141 52. Why Did the World Cup Start in 1930 and Not Before? .....................................143 53. Why Did Uruguay Organize the First World Cup?... 145 54. Who Was the Most Eccentric Goalkeeper in Soccer History?...................................... 147 55. Who Was the First Team to Win Second and First Division Championships in Consecutive Seasons? .. 149 56. Can a Referee Score a Goal? ................... 150 57. Who Was the First Player to Suffer Racist Attacks?.. 152 58. What Was the First Game to Be Suspended Due to Fireworks?.................................. 154 59. Has a Team Ever Won the League From a Country Other Than Their Own? ....................... 156 7 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 7 12.02.18 10:52 WHY IS SOCCER PLAYED AGAINST 60. Can a Team Be a Champion of a Tournament for Which It Has Not Qualified?.................... 157 61. Which Was the First Rigged Match in History?..... 159 62. Which Champion Waited the Longest to Receive His Trophy?................................. 162 63. What Was the Christmas Truce?................. 164 64. Can a Referee Red-Card Himself? ............... 167 65. Has a Spectator Ever Been Invited to Play a Soccer Match Between National Teams? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 66. Did a Player Ever Expel a Referee? .............. 170 67. When Were Numbers on Soccer Jerseys First Used?. 171 68. What Is the “White Horse Final?” ............... 173 69. What Is the Most Heated Rivalry in the World?..... 174 70. Did a Player Who Had Left the Field Ever Return to Play?.................................... 176 71. What Was the Most Extraordinary Transfer in Soccer History?.................................... 178 72. Can You Score a Goal Without Stepping on the Field?. 181 73. Who Invented the First Soccer Shoes?............ 182 74. Who Developed the First Soccer Tactics? ......... 184 75. Which Match Had the Most Players Red-Carded?... 186 76. What Is the Highest Number of Goals Scored By a Team That Still Lost the Game? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 77. Which Player Scored the Most Goals in a Single Official Match?.............................. 189 78. Who Is the Player to Score the Most Goals in an Entire Career?............................... 191 79. Which Professional Soccer Player Suffered the Most Relegations From the First Division? ........ 193 80. Who Was the Most Useless Scorer in an International Tournament? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 81. Has a Referee Ever Expelled a Line Judge?........ 196 8 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 8 12.02.18 10:52 Contents 82. Which Is the Worst National Team in Soccer History?. 198 83. Can a Team Lose a Game Despite Having Scored More Goals Than Its Opponent?................. 199 84. Can a Team Lose a Penalty Kick Shootout Without Missing a Shot?.............................. 202 85. Who Invented the Penalty Kick With a Pass?....... 203 86. Who Created the Substitutes’ Bench?............. 205 87. Has Team Ever Played More Than One Official Match on the Same Day? ...................... 206 88. When Was the Horizontal Post Added to the Goal?.. 208 89. In Which Match Occurred the Most Suspensions Due to Bad Weather? ............................. 210 90. How Did the Champions League Begin? .......... 211 91. How Did the Copa Libertadores Begin?........... 214 92. When Was a Whistle First Used to Referee a Match? . 216 93. When Did Soccer Players’ Cards First Appear?..... 217 94. Which Goalkeeper Holds the Most Penalties in One Game?..................................... 219 95. Was There Any Infallible Player in the Penalty Shootout?................................. 221 96. What Was the Biggest Comeback in an Official Competition? ..................................223 97. What Was the Most Evenly Matched Official League Tournament? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 98. What Was the Most Unusual Relegation and Which Team Was Saved in the Most Curious Way? ....... 228 99. Was There a Professional Soccer Player Who Played All Positions? ............................... 230 100. Has a Tournament Ever Had More Than One Winner?.................................... 232 Bibliography.................................... 234 9 18_02_05_Innenteil_Why_is_soccer_5,5x8,5_RZ.indd 9 12.02.18 10:52