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'' T 71 1. 1> I « T* WioW/io in America' Published by Marquis Who's Who"* Titles in Print Who's Who in America® Who Was Who in America® Historical Volume (1607-1896) Volume (1897-1942) I Volume II (1943-1950) Volume III (1951-1960) Volume IV (1961-1968) Volume V (1969-1973) Volume VI (1974-1976) Volume VII (1977-1981) Volume VIII (1982-1985) Volume IX (1985-1989) Volume X (1989-1993) Volume XI (1993-1996) Index Volume (1607-1996) Who's Who in the World® Who's Who in the East® Who's Who in the Midwest® Who's Who in the South and Southwest® Who's Who in the West® Who's Who in American Art™ Who's Who in American Education® Who's Who in American Law® Who's Who in American Nursing® Who's Who in American Polities'" Who's Who in Entertainment® Who's Who in Finance and Industry® Who's Who in Medicine and Healthcare'" Who's Who in Religion'" Who's Who in Science and Engineering® Who's Who in the Media and Communications'" Who's Who ofAmerican Women® Who's Who ofEmerging Leaders in America® Index to Marquis Who's Who® Publications The Official ABMS Directory ofBoard Certified Medical Specialists* Available on CD-ROM The Complete Marquis Who's Who®on CD-ROM ABMS Medical Specialists PLUS'" m Mo'slMio America in 52nd Edition Volume I A-K MARQUIS WhtfsWio 121 Chanlon Road New Providence, NJ 07974 U.S.A. Mo'sMo in America' Marquis Wlio's Who® Senior Managing Director, Publisher Paul Canning Research Director Judy Redel SeniorManagingEditor Fred Marks MarketingDirector DonnaLx)ve Editorial Mail Processing SeniorEditor HarrietTiger Supervisor Kara A. Seitz Associate Editor JenniferCox Sta» Tyrone Hines Assistant Editors Maurice Brooks Cheryl A. Rodriguez Aries Mateo Jill S. Terbell Francine Riciiardson Josh Samber Database Operations Production Manager Mark Van Orman Editorial Services Production Editor Matthew O'Connell Manager Nadine Hovan Supervisors Mary Lyn Koval Research Debra Krom Senior Managing Coordinator Anne Marie Caldarola Research Editor Lisa Weissbard Senior Research Editor Robert Docherty Associate Research Editors Christian Loeffler Editorial Support Oscar Maldonado Manager Sharon L. Gonzalez Assistant Research Editor Hannah Olemoh Coordinators J. HectorGonzalez Christine Zeppi Support Services Assistant Jeanne Danzig Publishedby MarquisWho'sWho, adivision ofReed ElsevierInc. Copyright ©1997 by Reed Elsevier Inc. All rightsreserved. Nopar—tofthis publication maybereproduced, stored inaretrieval system,ortransmitted, inany for—morbyany means including, butnotlimitedto,electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording,orotherwise orusedforany commercial purpose whatsoeverwithoutthepriorwritten permissionofthepublisherand,ifpublisherdeems necessary,executionofaformal licenseagreementwith publisher. Forinformation, contact MarquisWho'sWho, 121 Chanlon Road, NewProvidence, NewJersey07974, 1-908-464-6800. WHO'S WHOIN AMERICA isaregisteredtrademarkofReedPublishing (Nederiand) B.V., usedunderlicense. LibraryofCongressCatalogCard Number4- 6934 1 International Standard Book Number 0-8379-0183-9 (set, ClassicEdition) 0-8379-0184-7 (volume 1, Classic Edition) 0-8379-0187-1 (set. Deluxe Edition) 0-8379-0188-X (volume I, Deluxe Edition) International Standard Serial Number 0083-9396 Nopaymentiseithersolicitedoracceptedfortheinclusionofentriesin this publication. MarquisWho'sWhohas used itsbestefforts incollectingand preparing material forinclusion in thispublication,butdoesnotwarrantthatthe informationherein iscompleteoraccurate, anddoesnotassume, and herebydisclaims, any liability toany person for any lossordamagecausedbyerrorsoromissionsinthispublication, whethersucherrorsoromissionsresult from negligence,accident,oranyothercause. Manufacturedin theUnited StatesofAmerica Table ofContents Volume 1 Preface vi Board ofAdvisors vii Standards ofAdmission viii Key to Information ix Table ofAbbreviations x Alphabetical Practices xvi Who's Who in America Biographies A-K 1 Volume 2 Preface vi Board ofAdvisors vii Standards ofAdmission viii Key to Information ix Table ofAbbreviations x Alphabetical Practices xvi Who's Who in America Biographies L-Z 2447 Volume 3 Geographic Index 4797 Professional Index 5067 Retiree Index 5441 Necrology 5443 Preface w fcfc' TIG'S WHO IN AMERICA shall endeavor to list compiled in this manner are denoted by asterisks. For a small those individuals who are ofcurrent number ofcases, where detailed information is not available at publication, the editors have written briefsketches with current national reference interest and inquiry either career information; these are also indicated by asterisks. because ofmeritorious achievement or because of To maintain its reputation for currency, and at the same time to " the positions they hold. adhere to space limitations. Who's Who in America undergoes Albert Nelson Marquis meticulous review ofselection criteria with each edition. Founder, 1899 Deletion ofsome names is inevitable; such deletion is not arbitrary. Forexample, ifa Biographee has retired from active participation in a career or public life, the sketch may be A Standard Reference Work excluded. In large part, it is career development that determines inclusion and continuation. When the first edition of Who's Who inAmerica appeared in 1899, it presented itselfas a new and untried experiment in the Annual publication enables Who's Who in America to bring field ofAmerican reference book publishing. It was the first users more new names and update more existing entries each publication ever issued which claimed to be, in any comprehen- edition. In all, over 20,000 new names appear in the 52nd sive degree, a general biographical directory ofnotable American Edition. contemporaries. During the generations that have passed. Who's Who inAmerica has garnered a worldwide reputation for present- Responding to Your Reference Needs eisntgatbhleismhoinsgtiatcsceulfraatse,acsutrarnednatrdbiroegfrearpehniccealwodrakt,aiatvhaialsabglreo.wQnuickly fWehatour'essW.hAosiancAommeprliecmaepnrtovtiodtehseabinougmrbapehricoaflupsreoffuillerse,ftehreence pstreeamdiielry rinefpeurbelniccefpaevrotra,inainndgttoodnaoytaisblreecloigvninigzeAdmegrliobcaalnlsy.as the Geographic and Professional Indexes make Who's Who in America an even more productive research tool. Through these The 52nd Edition upholds the guiding principle set forth by A.N. indexes, users can identify and locate individuals in any of Marquis in 1899: The editors of Who's Who in America continue thirty-eight categories, as well as by country, state, or city. to strive to identify and chronicle the achievements ofmen and women who have become the leaders in our society's political, This edition also contains a cumulative Retiree Index ofpersons cultural, and economic affairs. whose names were deleted from the 49th through 51st Editions because they have retired from active work. This index enables One Principle Governs Selection the user to locate the last published biographical sketch ofeach listee. In 1899, Marquis Biographees numbered 8,602, or one person per 10,000 ofU.S. population. In this 52nd Edition, Marquis Who's There is also a Necrology ofBiographees whose sketches Who proudly presents the biographies ofover 100,000 outstand- appeared in the 51st Edition and whose deaths were reported ing individuals. While our Biographees have grown in number, prior to the closing ofthis edition. The sketches have been our selection standards remain stringent. Fewer than four in removed from the book. (For those Biographees whose deaths 10,000 people are included in Who's Who in America. were reported prior to July 1996, complete biographical informa- tion, including date ofdeath and place ofinterment, can be Selection is based solely on reference value. Individuals become found in Volume XI of Who Was Who inAmerica.) eligible for listing by virtue oftheir positions and/or noteworthy achievements that have proven to be ofsignificant value to Finally, many ofthe women and men profiled in Who's Who in society. An individual's desire to be listed is not sufficient reason America have included in their biographies a listing oftheir for inclusion. Similarly, wealth or social position are not criteria. avocations, thus providing additional insights into theirpersonal Ofcourse, Marquis Who's Who has nevercharged a fee for lives and interests. Some ofthe sketches also end with an itali- publishing a biography, nor is purchase ofthe book evera factor cized feature, "Thoughts on My Life." The statement is written by in the selection ofBiographees. the Biographees and reflects theirown principles, goals, ideals, and values that have been guidelines fortheir success and Compiling tlie Most Accurate Biograpliical Data achievement. Through fifty-two editions, the basic Who's Who inAmerica compilation process has remained unchanged. Potential Bi- Our Cliallenge ographees are identified by Marquis researchers and editors. Putting together a reference source as comprehensive as Who's Candidates are sentdata forms and are invited to submit complete Who in America is a monumental challenge. Over our long biographical and career information. These data are reviewed to history, Marquis Who's Who researchers and editors have confirm that candidates meet the stringent selection criteria. exercised diligent care in preparing each sketch for publication. Sketches are then prepared and sent to Biographees for Despite all precautions, however, errors do occasionally occur. prepublication checking. Users ofthis directory are invited to notify the publisher ofany In some cases, Marquis staffmembers compile and/or verify the such errors so that corrections can be made in a subsequent biographical data through independent research. Sketches edition. VI