W C HAT ATULLUS W : ROTE P ROBLEMS IN TEXTUAL , CRITICISM EDITING AND THE MANUSCRIPT TRADITION Editor Dániel Kiss Contributors Giuseppe Gilberto Biondi, David Butterfield, Julia Haig Gaisser, Stephen Heyworth, Dániel Kiss, Antonio Ramírez de Verger The Classical Press of Wales First published in 2015 by The Classical Press of Wales 15 Rosehill Terrace, Swansea SA1 6JN Tel: +44 (0)1792 458397 www.classicalpressofwales.co.uk Distributor I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 6 Salem Rd, London W2 4BU, UK Tel.: +44 (0) 20 7243 1225 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7243 1226 www.ibtauris.com Distributor in North America ISD, 70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2, Bristol, CT 06010, USA Tel: +1 (860) 584-6546 Fax: +1 (860) 516-4873 www.isdistribution.com © 2015 The authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN 978-1-910589-06-9 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset, printed and bound in the UK by Gomer Press, Llandysul, Ceredigion, Wales ––––––––––––––––– The Classical Press of Wales, an independent venture, was founded in 1993, initially to support the work of classicists and ancient historians in Wales and their collaborators from further afield. More recently it has published work initiated by scholars internationally. While retaining a special loyalty to Wales and the Celtic countries, the Press welcomes scholarly contributions from all parts of the world. The symbol of the Press is the Red Kite. This bird, once widespread in Britain, was reduced by 1905 to some five individuals confined to a small area known as ‘The Desert of Wales’ – the upper Tywi valley. Geneticists report that the stock was saved from terminal inbreeding by the arrival of one stray female bird from Germany. After much careful protection, the Red Kite now thrives – in Wales and beyond. CONTENTS Page Preface vii List of contributors ix List of plates and images xi Introduction: A sketch of the textual transmission xiii DánielKiss 1 The lost Codex Veronensis and its descendants: three problems in Catullus’s manuscript tradition 1 Dániel Kiss 2 Catullus, Sabellico (& Co.) and ... Giorgio Pasquali 29 Giuseppe Gilberto Biondi 3 Pontano’s Catullus 53 Julia Haig Gaisser 4 Nicolaus Heinsius’s notes on Catullus 93 Antonio Ramírez de Verger 5 cui uideberis bella: the influence of Baehrens and Housman on the text of Catullus 107 David Butterfield 6 Poems 62, 67 and other Catullian dialogues 129 S. J. Heyworth Bibliography 157 Catullus’s surviving manuscripts 173 Index of manuscripts and annotated copies 179 Index locorum 181 General index 187 v PREFACE Textualcriticismisoftenregardedasanarcanesubjectthatisrenderedthe moredifficultbytheimpossibilityofreachingfinalconclusions.According to this view, questions regarding the text of a classical Greek or Roman authorarebestlefttobesettledbyaqualifiededitor.He–foruntilrecently almostalltextualcriticsweremale–willmakeuphismindwhilesipping claretintheseclusionofhisstudy,andlessermortalsshoulddefertohis superiorjudgement. Thisvolumepresentsthepapersofaconferencethattriedtogivethe lie to this view by showing that reasoned debate can be as productive in textual criticism as in any other field. What Catullus Wrote took place in May2011attheCenterforAdvancedStudiesoftheLudwig-Maximilians- Universität München. Its speakers were eight scholars of the field who representedarangeofcountries,generations,andacademictraditions.Out oftheeightpapersthatweredelivered,thisvolumecontainssubstantially revisedversionsofsix;DavidMcKie’scontributionCatullus64.323–381: thesongoftheFatesandGailTrimble’spaperTextualproblemsinCatullus64: thetaskofthecommentatorcouldnotbeincluded.1Theremainingpapershave beenrevisedsubstantiallybeforepublication.Thevolumealsocontainsan introductory chapter that sets out our current knowledge of the transmission of the text of Catullus, and it is closed by a consolidated bibliography, a list of the surviving manuscripts of Catullus, and a set ofindices. These papers should demonstrate that fruitful discussion between scholarsofclassicaltextualcriticismfromdifferentbackgroundsispossible and indeed desirable. Such debate will produce conclusions that remain validonlysolongastheyarenotoverruledbyanewargument.Attimes thereremainsspaceforlegitimatedissent(andnoattempthasbeenmade tosuppressitinthisvolume).Intheserespectstextualcriticismdoesnot differ at all from other branches of scholarship. Its reputation for arbitrarinesscanprobablybeascribedtothefactthathavinggrownupin alatestageoftheageofprinting,weareusedtocarefullyeditedtexts,and textual corruption strikes us not only as unfamiliar, but also as uncanny and somehow fundamentally wrong.2 But a doubt that affects the reconstruction of a passage in Catullus is no different in kind from one thataffectshowthesamepassageshouldbeinterpreted,norfromonethat vii Preface might affect Roman economic history in the late Republic. If textual criticismisdifficultattimes,thatisnotbecauseitisarbitrary,norbecause textualcriticsareincompetent,butbecausecenturiesoftextualcorruption have resulted in problems for some of which there is no easy solution. Facedwithsuchdifficulties,onecanonlymakeprogressbystrenuousand open-mindedresearch.Thatiswhatthisvolumehopestoprovideforone oftheclassicalauthorswhohavereachedusinthemostprecariousstate. Acknowledgements TheconferenceWhatCatullusWrotetookplaceon20and21May2011at the Center for Advanced Studies of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Funds for the conference and a contribution towards the publication costs of this volume were provided by the university’s excellence initiative LMUexcellent through the research project An Online RepertoryofConjecturesforCatullus.SusanneSchaffrathandhercolleaguesat theCenterforAdvancedStudieshelpedwiththeirusualaplombtomake the conference a success. Anton Powell and John Trappes-Lomax have providedinvaluableassistanceingivingthisbookitsfinalshape. DÁNIELKISS November2014 Notes 1 TherehasbeenpublishedabriefsummaryofthesepapersbyOrazioPortuese inBStudLat41(2011),764–5. 2 It still has tobe seenhow attitudestowards textswilldevelopinthenascent digitalage. viii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS GIUSEPPEGILBERTOBIONDIisProfessorofLatinPhilologyandDirector oftheDipartimentodiAntichistica,Lingue,Educazione,Filosofiaatthe Università di Parma. His publications include a monograph on the semanticsofcupidusatCatullus61.32,andaseriesofarticlesonthepoet. Together with a group of younger colleagues he is pursuing a major researchprojectonthemanuscriptsandtheearlyeditionsofCatullus.He iseditorofthejournalPaideia,whichhasanannualsectionCatullianathat constitutesapermanentforumforscholarshiponCatullus. DAVID BUTTERFIELD is a University Lecturer in Ancient Literature and Fellow in Classics at Queens’ College, Cambridge. He is the author of a comprehensive study of the early textual transmission of Lucretius, has edited the volume A.E. Housman: Classical Scholar, and has published numerousarticlesandessaysonsubjectsthatincludeLatinpoetry,textual criticismandthehistoryofClassicalscholarship. JULIA HAIG GAISSER is Eugenia Chase Guild Professor Emeritus in the Humanities and Professor Emeritus in Latin at Bryn Mawr College. A former president of the American Philological Association, she has written books and articles on a number of ancient authors, and has publishedseveralauthoritativestudiesofCatullus.HerbookTheFortunes of Apuleius and the Golden Ass: A Study in Transmission and Reception won the CharlesJ.GoodwinAwardoftheAmericanPhilologicalAssociation. STEPHEN HEYWORTH is Bowra Fellow and Tutor in Classics at Wadham College, Oxford. He has edited the Oxford Classical Text of Propertius, together with a textual commentary, Cynthia, and then (with James Morwood)acommentaryonBook3.HehasstudiedthetextofCatullus for many years, and has published a number of notes and articles on thesubject. DÁNIEL KISS constructed Catullus Online, an online critical edition of the poemsofCatulluswitharepertoryofconjectures,whilehewasResearch Fellow and Junior Member of the Center for Advanced Studies at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. He is currently an Irish ix Listofcontributors Research Council Postdoctoral Research Fellow at University College Dublin. He has published a number of articles on Catullus and on other GreekandRomanauthors,andistryingtomapoutthetextualtransmission ofCatullus. ANTONIO RAMÍREZ DE VERGER is Professor of Latin Philology at the UniversidaddeHuelva.Hehaseditedarangeoftextsincludingthepoems ofCatullus,Ovid’seroticpoetry,JuanGinésdeSepúlveda’sDeOrboNovo and Corippus’ Panegyricus of Justin II. Currently he is leading an effort to study the entire manuscript tradition of Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Since 1997 hehasbeeneditorinchiefofExemplariaClassica,whichistheonlyjournal devotedtothetextualcriticismofClassicaltextstoappeartoday.Heisa formerRectoroftheUniversidaddeHuelva. x LIST OF PLATES AND IMAGES Plates(betweenpagesxxiiiandxxx) I.T–Paris,BibliothèqueNationaledeFrance,lat.8071,fol.51r ©BibliothèqueNationaledeFrance,2015. II.III.Aberdeen,UniversityLibrary,Inc.165:Catullus62withParrasio’s marginalia ©UniversityofAberdeen,2015. IV.O–Oxford,BodleianLibrary,CanonicianusClass.Lat.30,fol.1r ©TheBodleianLibraries,TheUniversityofOxford,2015. V.O–Oxford,BodleianLibrary,CanonicianusClass.Lat.30,fol.37v ©TheBodleianLibraries,TheUniversityofOxford,2015. VI.G–Paris,BibliothèqueNationaledeFrance,lat.14137,fol.36r ©BibliothèqueNationaledeFrance,2015. VII.R–BibliotecaApostolicaVaticana,Ott.lat.1829,fol.1r ©BibliotecaApostolicaVaticana,2015. VIII. m – Venice, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, lat. XII, 80 (4167), fol.29r ImageprovidedbykindpermissionoftheMinisterodeiBeniedelleAttivitàCulturali edelTurismo.©BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana,2015.Reproductionnotpermitted. Images 1.ApartialstemmacodicumofCatullusaccordingtoMcKie–p.xviii 2. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Palatinus lat. 1652, fol. 30v (detail) – p.31 ©BibliotecaApostolicaVaticana,2015. 3. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vaticanus lat. 3272, fol. 141r (detail) – p.32 ©BibliotecaApostolicaVaticana,2015. 4.Pesaro,BibliotecaOliveriana1167,fol.4v(detail)–p.32 ©BibliotecaOliveriana,Pesaro,2015. 5.Rome,BibliotecaCasanatense15,fol.85v(detail)–p.32 ©BibliotecaCasanatense,Rome,2015. 6.BibliotecaApostolicaVaticana,Barberinilat.34,fol.106v(detail)–p.47 ©BibliotecaApostolicaVaticana,2015. xi INTRODUCTION: A SKETCH OF THE TEXTUAL TRANSMISSION Therecanbedistinguishedthreestagesinthetransmissionofthepoems of Catullus. These coincide to a remarkable degree with three phases in Europeanhistory:Antiquity,theMiddleAges,andtheRenaissance.1 In Antiquity Catullus’s poems were read widely. They are quoted or paraphrasedbyauthorsincludingM.TerentiusVarro,bothSenecas,both Plinies, Quintilian, Aulus Gellius, Apuleius, Ausonius and Macrobius, aswellasanumberofcommentators,grammarians,andmetricalwriters.2 There are echoes of Catullus’s poems in Virgil, Propertius, Ovid, and a hostofotherpoets,butalsoinverseinscriptionsfromTibur(nowTivoli) near Rome, and from the area of Augusta Ausciorum (now Auch) in Southern France, which show that he was also read outside the main centres of learning.3 Quotations by Augustine and Martianus Capella demonstratethathecontinuedtobereaduntiltheearly5thcentury.4 It has become something of a scholarly commonplace that Catullus ‘is essentially unknown in the so-called Dark Ages and after till nearly 1300’5and that it is due toa stroke ofluckthat he survived at all.Infact thereisaconsiderableamountofevidencetoindicatethathispoemswere read in England, France, Germany and northern Italy at various times betweenthe8thcenturyandthe12th. The most famous piece of evidence for the fate of Catullus in the Middle Ages is provided by the famous Codex Thuaneus, or Catullus’s manuscript T (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, lat. 8071 – see Plate I).6 According to Bernhard Bischoff, this Carolingian manuscript wascopiedaroundthemiddleofthe9thcenturyinCentralFrance,between Auxerre and Paris, and perhaps closer to the former than to the latter.7 It contains part of an anthology of Latin poetry, including poem 62 of Catullus,whichstandsonbothsidesoffolio51.8Thelostfinalpartofthe anthology appears to have contained poem 11 as well.9 A close relative of T, apparently a sibling, were the manuscript fragments which survive asVienna,ÖsterreichischeNationalbibliothek277,part3,andwhichmay havebeencopiedneartheFranco-Germanborderattheveryendofthe 8th century.10 The surviving part of this anthology does not contain any poemofCatullus’s.BrianRichardsonhaspointedoutthatthemarginalia ofAuloGianoParrasio(1470–1522)onCatullus62inhiscopyofthe1483 xiii