INVENTORY OF WORLD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING VOLUME 1 Western Europe, North America and Australasia Compiled by ROLF BOHME Published on behalf of the INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION by ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LONDON and NEW YORK ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA WITH 127 ILLUSTRATIONS © 1989 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Bohme, Rolf Inventory of world topographic mapping. Vol. 1, Western Europe, North America and Australasia 1. Maps I. Title II. International Cartographic Association 912 ISBN 1-85166-357-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bohme, Rolf. Inventory of world topographic mapping / Rolfe Bohme. p. cm. Bibliography: p. Includes index. Contents: Vol. 1. Western Europe, North America, and Australasia. ISBN 1-85166-357-6 (v. 1) 1. Topographic maps—Bibliography—Catalogs. I. International Cartographic Association. II. Title. Z6028.B575 1989 [GA300] 016.912—<ic20 89-7760 CIP No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Photoset and printed in Northern Ireland by The Universities Press (Belfast) Ltd. Foreword INVENTORY OF WORLD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING Topographic mapping plays a basic and vital role within the extensive field of cartography. However, in recent years this type of mapping, and also 'classical' cartography, have perhaps become somewhat neglected. It appears that today the principal areas of interest, and the majority of new publications, relate primarily to the numerous uses of thematic maps and the potential afforded by the application of the developing technology of computer-assisted cartography. This situation may well change in the near future as a new generation of geographic information systems (GIS) is gradually introduced world-wide which will require the utilisation of more accurate topographic base data. Available literature on topographic mapping is normally restricted to details concerning the programmes of individual countries, and often appears in the form of monographs. In many instances the only sources of information are advertising materials or short national reports presented to the General AssembUes of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) or the Regional Cartographic Conferences of the United Nations (UN). These presentations clearly illustrate that many countries are still far from possessing complete coverage of their territories, and that the maintenance of those sheets which are published leaves much to be desired. When one considers the availabiUty of modern technical means by which the situation could be remedied it must be concluded that the present status of world topographic mapping is highly unsatisfactory. The necessity for maps of this type cannot be over emphasised. They are essential tools for use in development projects, resource exploitation, the planning of construction and infrastructure, recreation, hiking and many other activities relating to modern life. Furthermore, topographic maps give a detailed illustration of the relative degrees of development of areas within a landscape and are thus unique in demonstrating the cultural status of a country. The nations of the world which particularly stand out are those which have implemented systematic plans for the topographic mapping of their territories, and also recognised the economic value of regular and consistent maintenance of the series produced. Available and up-to-date coverage is considered essential by many nations which employ sophisticated modern techniques to generate appropriate mapping. Finished products may be freely available for consultation, selectively accessible, or not available to the general public. Even in countries where topographic maps are 'secret'. vi Foreword sample extracts at specified scales are often included as illustrations in atlases or materials designed for educational purposes. An awareness of design quality and content is thus engendered, and it is possible to make comparisons between the products of different nations. The general style adopted for the representation of topographic features is virtually universal but a consideration of local differences and the degree of development of individual states can also be undertaken based on these extracts. The willingness of the majority of countries to make available materials and up-to-date information, essential for the compilation of this work, is greatly appreciated. It clearly demonstrates that contributors appreciate the opportunity of demonstrating their abilities with respect to the production of topographic mapping and their co-operation is gratefully acknowledged. Currently there is no other work employing the approach adopted in assembling this Inventory, Existing publications tend to concentrate on statistical data but this project includes more detailed descriptive information which is illustrated with map extracts and indices to the main map series demonstrating the present state of coverage. The author considers that an understanding of cartography requires the incorporation of illustrative graphics rather than merely explanatory text materials relating to map presentations. It is fully accepted that the amount and extent of a nation's map coverage is subject to change through time but it is also believed that, in general, the descriptions contained in this volume will remain relevant and valid for some years. Map series at large scale normally consist of a significant number of individual sheets and these cannot all be modified to be replaced overnight! However, it is also appreciated that a complete description of all of the topographic mapping activities of each of the included countries can never be presented because of the unavailability of some information. The ICA is delighted to have been associated with the proposal to produce a work of this type. The ICA Publications Committee, under the Chairmanship of Roger Anson and author Rolf Bohme (a Vice-President of ICA from 1967 to 1984), have prepared this Inventory in association with Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. As a non-governmental, scientific organisation, the ICA, which counts among its co-operating members the majority of the map producing countries of the world, considers that it is its duty to support the preparation of works of this type and to make the contained information readily available to the public. D. R. F. Taylor President, International Cartographic Association A u stria Osterreich NATIONAL MAPPING ORGANISATION metric techniques for the production of con­ toured rather than hachured maps at both the Bundesamt fur Eich- und Vermessungswesen— 1:25 000 and 1:50000 scales. The first sheets Landesaufnahme (BEV), Krotenthallergasse 3, were published during 1923/24, but due to lack A-1080 Wien. of financial resources progress was very slow. After World War II reorganisation was implemented with the 'Bundesamt fur Eich- und HISTORY IN BRIEF Vermessungswesen' now taking the responsibility for surveying and mapping. Emphasis was given The regular surveying of Austria can be cited as to the completion of new series of maps at one of the earliest, systematic, professional 1:25 000 and 1:50000. Existing sheets at mapping exercises. The initial surveying of the 1:75 000 were revised to produce a provisional then Austro-Hungarian Empire took place series at 1:50 000. When in 1959 the further between 1764 and 1787, but the distribution of production of 1:25 000 mapping was cancelled the resultant map sheets was restricted and not for budgetary reasons, the 213 sheet 1:50000 available to the public. With the improvement in series was promoted and finished in 1980. Some investigative methods, and the availability of older sheets have now been recompiled using instrumentation, the country was subsequently aerial photography and this programme was resurveyed on a number of occasions. The completed in 1987. The old, hachured series at so-called 'third survey' (1869-1887) introduced 1:200 000 has, since 1968, been superseded by a the metric scale of 1:25 000 for survey and more modern edition incorporating contours. 1:75 000 for published material (Spezialkarte). With the exception of 3 sheets, the 23 sheet When this series was finished in 1889 the country series is on hand, and the whole series is was completely covered by a modern topographic expected to be complete before 1991. As map. At the same time a general map at the intermediate scales were not available it was 1:200 000 scale (Generalkarte) was also compiled decided to publish enlarged versions of the and depicted most of south-east Europe. A existing coverage at 1:50000 and 1:200 000 as fourth survey was instituted in 1896, but was mapping at 1:25 000 and 1:100 000. These sheets subsequently cancelled in 1915 because of World have been issued since 1978, and the series is to War I. be completed by 1990. To demonstrate that they After the cessation of hostilities only a small are enlargements a 'V (Vergrosserung = part of the former Empire remained as Austria. enlargement) is added to the series designation. The original mapping organisation, 'MiUtargeo- Each half of the original sheet is printed on the graphisches Institut', which had existed since the front or back of a sheet at the new scale. For time of Napoleon, became a civilian agency planning purposes a new map at 1:10000 scale entitled *Kartographisches, fruher Militargeo- has also been introduced. The sheets consist of graphisches Institut'. A programme was intro­ orthophotographs, together with additional de­ duced for the resurveying of the country at the tails and lettering, but do not include contours. 1:25 000 scale, and was based on photogram- The first sheet was pubUshed in 1977, and by Austria 1986 more than a quarter of the total of about BEV (1966). 125 Jahre Hauptgebaude des Bundes- 3700 sheets were available. A single sheet, amtes fiir Eich- and Vermessungswesen 1841-1966, general map of the country at 1:500000 was Festschrift, Wien. BEV (1970). Die amtliche Kartographie Osterreichs. produced in 1951; the most recent edition is Bundesamt fiir Eich- und Vermessungswesen, dated 1984. Wien. In order to enlarge the range of scales the Mitter, J. (1970). Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des preparation of a basic map at 1:5000 was started Wiener Militargeographischen Institutes. Oster­ in 1984. One sheet of this map covers a quarter reichische Zeitschrift fiir Vermessungswesen und of the area of the 1:10000 scale map. The basic Photogrammetrie, 3. map is produced in three different versions, Lengsfeld, E. (1972). Entwicklung der orthophoto, contours and cadastral information, Osterreichischen Karte 1:200 000. Vermessungs- which can be combined by overlaying each other. magazin, 4. Wagner, W. (1973). Die osterreichische Kartographie der Gegenwart. Kartographische Nachrichten, 9. BEV (1973). 50 Jahre Bundesamt fur Eich- und GOEDETIC DATA Vermessungswesen, Festschrift, Wien. Meckel, H. (1975). Die OK 50—ein osterreichisches Gauss-Kruger projection; Bessel ellipsoid. Qualitatserzeugnis. Eich- und Vermessungs- magazin, 16. Rabenstein, E. (1978). Die Osterreichische Luftbild­ MAP SCALES AND MAP SERIES karte 1:10000 und ihre kartographische Bear- beitung. Eich- und Vermessungsmagazin, 26. Osterreichische Basiskarte 1:5000. Nowakowski, E. (1978). OK 25 V und OK 100 V, Osterreichische Luftbildkarte 1:10000. neue Kartenserien unseres Amtes. Eich- und Osterreichische Karte 1:25 000 V (enlargement Vermessungsmagazin, 27. of 1:50000). BEV (1980). 75 Jahre Kartographie am Hamer- Osterreichische Karte 1:50 000. lingplatz 1905-1980, Festschrift, Bundesamt fur Eich- und Vermessungswesen, Wien. Osterreichische Karte 1:100 000 V (enlargement Wiesinger, F. (1983). Die Neugestaltung der of 1:200000). Osterreichischen Karte 1:50000 und 1:200000. Osterreichische Karte 1:200 000. Eich- und Vermessungsmagazin, 41. Ubersichtskarte von Osterreich 1:500 000. UN (1983). World topographic mapping 1980. In World Cartography, Vol. XVII. United Nations, New York. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bernhard, J. (1984). Zur staatlichen Kartographie in Osterreich. Kartographie der Gegenwart in Milius, K. (1958). Das k.u.k. Militargeographisches Osterreich, Wien. Institut. Osterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Vermessungs- Zierhut, H. (1986). Staatliche Kartenwerke. Eich- weseriy Sonderheft, 19. und Vermessungsmagazin, 49. Neumaier, K. (1958). Die osterreichische Landesauf- Parry, R. B. & Perkins, C. R. (1987). World Mapping nahme seit 1945. Osterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Today. Butterworth & Co. (Publ.), Sevenoaks, Vermessungswesen, Sonderhefty 19. Kent. Austria Map extracts K|einp6chlarn 1:10 000 1:25 000V Erlaut 1:50 000 1:100 000 V 1:200 000 1:500 000 Austria Index sheets illustrating status of coverage (1987) 8 IIII34 I 64 65 1 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 I 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 1-5440 000 + 5 400 000 + 5 350 000 + 5 300 000 + 5 250 000 + 5200 000 1-5160 000 1:10 000 (Extract) About 25% completed Sheets published Austria 1:25 000 V About 85% completed 1:50 000 All sheets published Austria 17*ettl.L.v.er»«nwlch 4β·η.Β. efll.L.v.F*rro 27-e,tl.Lv.F.rro 28^ Sheets published 1:100 000 V 1:200 000