WEEKLY WEATHER AND CROP BULLETIN U.S. DEPARTMENT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OF AGRICULTURE National Oceanic National Agricultural and Atmospheric Statistics Service Administration, National and World Agricultural Weather Service Outlook Board Volume 78, No. 4 Washington, D.C. January 29, 1991 TOTAL PRECIPITATION, INCHES JAN 20-26, 1991 BESS) encarer now « acres - [EEE] som ecca NOAA/USDA JOINT AGRICULTURAL WEATHER FACILITY — sasedon preliminary reports cool weather prevailed in the West. Moisture deficits HIGHLIGHTS continued to mount in California, where water shortages are becoming critical in some areas. Westerly, downslope winds in the northern Plains January 20-26, 1991 resulted in unusually mild conditions. A late-week, fast-moving storm left a stripe of snow from the Cold air plowed into the East, setting the stage for snow central Plains to New England. Up to 6 inches fell in squalls in the Great Lakes and for a major winter storm northern Missouri, and locally heavy snow returned to in the Southeast. Most of the West was dry under the the upper Great Lakes. influence of strong high pressure. On Monday, a departing Atlantic coastal storm dropped light snow on the Northeast and allowed arctic air to invade. By midweek, two squall events had assailed the Great Lakes Contents snowbelt, each producing localized snowfall of 6 inches ; t Or more. The central Appalachians also wrung out several i rns woeree Prectpitagion inches of mountain-enhanced lake-effect snow. An upper rea. Pace ee tie air disturbance crossed the southern Rockies early in the N tee T tecther 6 £ Sel a ci ‘i ata week, dumping 9 inches of snow in Gallup, NM. As the seed ouat ae a re A parsing et ae system reached the Gulf of Mexico, the third drenching at.cse on eee bo Sa os suai rain in 2 weeks broke out along the Gulf Coast. Four State. Sumbartes re Weather" and AGTACULERES.:« inches of rain soaked Apalachicola, FL on Thursday. The Iaternat ional _—— on on = ery same day, up to 6 inches of wet snow blanketed the Subscription and Mailing Permit Information .. mountains of Georgia and South Carolina. Dry, seasonably Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 29, 1991 « Departure of Average Temperature from Normal(°F) BY 3 t ”” YY i 8 ty yy UY * « , NOW COVER CINCHES) e JAN 28, 1991 16 3 e e4 DAAUSDA AGRICULTURAL WEATHER FACILITY — gasedon preliminary reports January 29, 1991 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin National Weather Data for Selected Cities Weather Data for the Week Ending January 26, 1991 RELATIVE NUMBER OF DAYS TEMPERATURE °F PRECIPITATION HUMIDITY, : PERCENT |T EMP.° F| P RECIP. STATES AND STATIONS AVEMRIANIGMEU M DEPFNAORRROTMMWUA ERLETI ENOK .T LAYLD ,E PNFAORRROMTMGIAU NR LRE2I EN4A. - THEOTISNUO.TRT,SD1 ,A eI LcN, C E SID1 eNcC ETI NO.T,SJ1 A aILnN, C EPNC OTRSJ1. aMI nNA CLE AVEMRINAIGAA9MEN0BUD OM V EBA3 2EN DL O.IW0N1 CMO HOR R .IE5N0 CMO HOR R E. 6 . 5 = os $3 Lied4 arn tT 1 3 3 3 ~ 8 0 NKeenaNune wW z Tt -0 Tt Tt rv Tt ° Cwd ren -0 Tt 0 EACNRerAA ND OHOYVHAOAYH ° Tt 0 neee r -2 we Hew NN 4 on — Cal tomerre CHwROHeOWONt HrwN H SCOWSECrAURK RCOaHNMODCESOKHHK HABDVSSAAOGHKPSADKHWAAAN ~ ~ n n ” v ASCVOEMCCH OAOaANWKS aAN WEST PALM BEACH ~ NN@OWNWeNCCTa aAUW ATLANTA 'eoecmeee AUGUSTA MACON SAVANNAH NePe RILO UJ i AWHAS UUWONSNRPN HONOLULU inHA@We W UNWaNURIHWare KAHULUI LIHUE ' BOISE KrFWwavwooawan= LEWISTON POCATELLO CHICAGO MOLINE Fef wer PEORIA ‘ Nwwnwe eee QUINCY HAIwRBNWOeH NA e N @H ONA ROCKFORD SPRINGFIELD My wr) HWHRENERO MR NHHOOCANOENHAWH BVANSVILLE ee ‘ °o FORT WAYNE on - INDIANAPOLIS ~ ' a SOUTH BEND ' ny Nrerer DES MOINES ied SIOUX CITY WATERLOO CONCORDIA erWwPPN KFWADECAWNe DODGE CITY GOODLAND TOPEKA WICHITA BOWLING GREEN LEXINGTON KSCOPTCeVwHO vRteOO®O NANARKOKFONSPHAAAWO NAKYUWOW LOUISVILLE aibieo) r e ererew ALEXANDRIA BATON ROUGE ee LAKE CHARLES NEW ORLEANS n peWeAOHU WCCNEVHUeE SORe OPnHFAnN wK HNANNASAAHSK eOeaee ee CHIMO OMN OORHBSSOOGOHHBPSHHONOHENOO HOCOEOWNWNeYWCWHHN ONNNEO RW N O U O NRWWeSONOSH OOOOOD OOOOHOHr EE KVOOOKOOOOAHOHMNO ONOOOOOOHHOONOH NOOO rHO OYHFO N P W WOOIEOOCUOCO DNOCOO DONUNS NOCKCSEOCW NOHCOMONA SNACNHO RSACSATYSVOOSCCOOSSCHOROOSVCOOOOOE NOOSOSNHAHIIEUMH Based on 1951-80 normals Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 29, 1991 Weather Data for the Week Ending January 26, 1991 RELATIVE NUMBER OF DAYS TEMPERATURE °F PRECIPITATION HUMIDITY, PERCENT § TEMP. °F | PRECIP. STATES AND STATIONS AVEMRAAXAGIVEMEM UIRMNA IGMEU M AVERADGEEPNF AORRROMTMWAU ELRETI ENOK. T LAYLD ,E PFNAORRROMTMGIAU NR LRE2I EN4A. - THEOTISNUO.TRT,SD1 A, eIL cN, C ENP COTRSD1. eIM cNA CLETI N O.T,SJ1 A aILnN, C EPN COTRSJ1.a IM nNA CALEV ERAGEM INIAA9M0BNU ODMV EBA3 2NE DL OI.W0N1 C MOHRO RI.E5N0C M OHRO RE SHREVEPORT w w 3 » CARIBOU T PORTLAND T w BALTIMORE -1 SALISBURY +1 BOSTON +2 CHATHAM -1 VwNsWN N PY ALPENA -1 DETROIT 1 | +1 T a eooooldlll +2 1 SAULT ST. MARIE +2 eWneNne WwUnNnanehoewd owrrH ALEXANDRIA 1 DULUTH -1 ° INT'L FALLS 1 MINNEAPOLIS “1 ROCHESTER +1 GREENWOOD -2 JACKSON -6 MERIDIAN w ~ -2 CAPE GIRARDEAU 1 COLUMBIA +2 KANSAS CITY -5 SAINT LOUIS -0 SPRINGFIELD +0 eWNewRW w ne er BILLINGS -2 K@P OwNe2n@Oornrr GLASGOW T GREAT FALLS 1 ~ HAVRE T SWBYTWSUOHRW NIS O NUB NSWENCHONUNUDH HELENA T KALISPELL T hal we MILES CITY MISSOULA GRAND ISLAND LINCOLN NORFOLK eWVeIAeNO HASVNOVIMSBONADAWSOCBVOUOCCNOHRISZONSZOKHD NORTH PLATTE OMAHA ~ SCOTTSBLUFF VALENTINE ELY LAS VEGAS RENO WINNEMUCCA CONCORD ATLANTIC CITY vw ALBUQUERQUE CLOVIS rPrRoOwrF ROSWELL VAROWSHNHEHWOWIEUAUAH ALBANY BINGHAMTON BUFFALO wr NEW YORK ROCHESTER SYRACUSE ASHEVILLE CHARLOTTE GREENSBORO HATTERAS » NEW BERN a) e RALEIGH WILMINGTON [) ~ [K=I P @OADWOvVYUvOVWWeOwnnYNrYKer n renre BISMARCK FARGO ~ GRAND FORKS WILLISTON AKRON-CANTON CINCINNATI CLEVELAND ” COLUMBUS PAdWOEERRBORNEUUbNUdDEIUWUNE nNE0PAEN RNENoE M H N E0M EEh0 RRRHOOHH EWO OUHEOHmUW U NOCANSM OHUOEU UMN NSWMHHUOU E R OUU HHAWH MSHmNUHHEENHOHOA HHUEHNU OOHHH N HOO ONW ONHPO2O NNONHNoWHUe OPeNE NND NUUDOOSRrIORVAKNUUHNOON CUECAUHO WSKCHHAHESUOUWEONSWAKOODGGDcUSOCCDCOoCPH DCOOIOOOOOOo NOOVOC OCNcDSDWOOOOoA S Deee eIi eOeerSeOereIeOe O Oe ODS O®NRHHDEENEO ERARHSrOUaWON NN UENeeUWOWH N ONNN PAU UH NCNDENW ACOO S ONOD UDVOHWCIOSHCNOHDD OUCDOENDODNWDCNBUEICDHEOOIUPNGCDNN DOIGNUNIDOUDWSNINOUND IHONDOVEDDIDNOPISIHDOVDNDIGSOODOVGNSGDNCDAOOD CSGOOACODOOISP OISVOGDDDADO SCOSCSOSDSCOSOSDSOSOSDOSDSOOSODDOD Based on 1951-80 normals January 29, 1991 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Weather Data for the Week Ending January 26, 1991 RELATIVE NUMBER OF DAYS TEMPERATURE °F PRECIPITATION HUMIDITY | ° PERCENT § TEMP.° F | PRECIP. STATES AND STATIONS AVERADGEEP ARTWUEREETINOK .T LAYLD ,E PNFAORRROTMMGIAU NR LRE2I EAN4.T - EHSTIOTNOU.T R,SDA1, eLI c,N CENP COTRDS1. eIM cNA CLEIT N O.T,SJ1 A aILnN, C NEP COTRSJ1. aIM nNA CLE AA90BN ODV EBA3 2EN DL OI.W0N1 C MOHRO RI.E5N0C M OHOR RE @~ r~o r Haraeheae e eN CAUNWAAWO wraw ~OAOUSAD WUO+SHOPeH e uUuWwWwrNWnNPnNNnNNP @HeOPe arnoeeenow i) OownnNe eee eHeHH eNeR ao dr w MCWOSHO HHNONH H eee gwerwwur a~N ~N. WNH auc3esmrow ~ seyae e OOa®PU KU dH' eDaeaU nHoroew RORO RPWHKarrw@Wa nnrrner eeNoWrSUnewrAr r @ Oarswtawan ananare@ wweW wre awary wowwerr OAURPNMOHOEMOAN HRENMN wcN ee e YeoyWeNn eN&e Cwe rororrorxwxtwa UWWSWUKCAWORONW0OETOOHOO0CHSSOO0oSHH0 HOSEoR0OS6OES O HE6.EEEH0YO SS0NHUSHO OIENSAaECT eB OHA AEaNeMhT®IHCS E d S EHHN HMS SH ROSOHEONR NSWnOEGR?ENDb OO TESR UNREN AFCSC©OHNLDHNO EOCHEHCEC005O5OOSMOEOEOON SER0O0SE SRREHS N6D 6NBNCHEEEDSE C6NSOHSOD SSOH E Y S HNAETVOSESEECSHCFCOHN SEOOH DEOHOINEOEHM NHH NNENSNOEHMHUNUHHENHU NSOOQCOOMMONY Based on 1951-80 normals Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 29, 1991 National Agricultural Summary January 21-27, 1991 HIGHLIGHTS: Above-normal temperatures continued to warm the High Plains and Montana, melting the protective snow cover on the small grain crops. Wheat in the Delta suffered damage due to flooding and excessive soil moisture. Dry conditions pre- vailed over most of California, despite small amounts of rain. SMALL GRAINS: Alabama wheat condition was mostly vests were very active for fresh produce. In the good, with normal growth. Arkansas wheat fields California Central Valley, increasing amounts of were drying but some continued to be waterlogged. freeze-damaged citrus fruit were falling from Georgia small grain planting was complete and in trees. Navel orange and lemon harvests continued, good condition. Illinois, Indiana, and North most went for processing. Texas pecan harvest was Carolina wheat were in good condition. Some wheat virtually complete, with unusually high insect losses occurred in Louisiana due to flooding and damage in some groves in the Low Plains. Yields excessive soil moisture. Montana wheat remained in remained fair with poor to fair grades. Arizona fair to good condition with spotty snow cover. One citrus harvest continued in the western and central to three inches of snow cover over the northern areas. Pecan harvest and shipping continued in the two-thirds of Ohio protected the winter wheat crop. central and eastern areas. Irrigated wheat fields in the Texas High Plains were good, while the dryland fields suffered. VEGETABLES: Rainfall in Florida limited vegetable Washington winter wheat was in mostly poor condi- harvest in some areas. Usuai field activities tion, while wheat and barley damage estimates continued in drier areas and supplies of most vege- continued to increase. Arizona's wheat crop was 92 table crops returned to normal levels. Excess percent emerged, 7 points ahead of the 5-year aver- moisture in Georgia caused disease in some of the age and in mostly good condition. California small onion crop, but the crop remained in fair condi- grain emergence and growth were slowed due to a low tion. Fall onions in the Texas Rio Grande Valley level of soil moisture. Some freeze-damaged oats continued to progress well. In the San Antonio were reseeded. Winter Garden areas, cabbage harvest continued and the fall onion and spinach crops progressed well. OTHER FIELD CROPS: Florida sugarcane planting and Arizona vegetable harvest continued in the western harvesting continued active. Wet conditions in and central areas. Melons, in the California South Carolina slowed planting of tobacco seed Imperial Valley, were being planted under plastic. beds. Cotton producers in the Texas Low Plains Potato movement from storage was active. need a few days of open weather to finish harvest. Hawaii sugar and pineapple harvests continued. PASTURES AND LIVESTOCK: Pasture and livestock were mostly good. Arkansas and Louisiana hay FRUIT AND NUTS: Scattered rains in Florida were supplies were low. Cold weather stressed livestock helpful to the citrus crops. Cool weather hampered in the Central Plains. Winter grazing in Texas new tree growth and blooms. High winds caused some remained short due to lack of moisture. Livestock fruit drop. Most of the orange and about one-half water supplies in California remained short due to of the grapefruit harvests were going to proces- the drought. sors. Temple, tangelo, and honey tangerine har- State Summaries of Weather and Agriculture These summaries provide brief descriptions of crop and weather conditions important on a national scale. More detailed data are available in Weather and Crop Bulletins published each Monday by NASS State Statistical Offices in cooperation with the National Weather Service. ALABAMA: Rainfall under 0.30 in. north, 1.00 to good south to southwest; fair to good southeast. 2.00 in. central, south. Snow northeast, no Alfalfa mostly good statewide; sheeping off light significant accumulations. Temperatures 3 to 9 to moderate central; moderate to heavy west. Mixed below normal. vegetable, citrus harvest continued west, central. Wet conditions limited field operations. Wheat Apple shipping small_ scale. Pecan harvest, mostly good, growth normal. Shortage of chilling shipping continued central, east. requirements concern for fruit growers located across south; need 200 to 400 more chill hours. ARKANSAS : Cold first part of week with Primary activities: Farm planning; soil testing; temperatures below normal, warming end of week. equipment maintenance; fence repair; general care Light precipitation first alf of week, mainly in of livestock, poultry, catfish. southwest. Extremes 8 ; 61°. Rainfall none to 0.50 in. ARIZONA: Showers north, central, southeast 21st Wheat continues to be water logged. Fields to 22nd. Snow down to 5,000 feet level. Snow drying. Pastures providing below average grazing. depths 3.00 to 6.00 in. northeast. Sunny, norma Hay supply starting to deplete. Cattle good; some temperatures 23rd through 26th. Temperatures 4 lice problems. Poultry good. below normal to 2° above. Cotton stalk shredding, disking, plow down CALIFORNIA: Small amounts of moisture fell on continued; stalk shredding, plow down activities southern areas 21st morning, otherwise high complete west. Wheat, barley progressed; improved pressure prevailed. Off shore winds blew during field, crop conditions; 98% seeded, 100% 1990, 95% the middle of the week. Daytime temperatures avg.; 92% established, 99% 1990, 85% avg. Small warmed to above normal while nighttime minimums grain crops mostly good, excellent wheat, central; dipped due to radiation. January 29, 1991 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 7 a Field activities progressed, open weather. good. Pruning peach trees active. Pastures poor to Emergence, growth small grains slowed, low soil fair. Cattle, hogs fair to good. Livestock moisture. Some growers irrigated. Seeding small requiring extra effort for feeding, care because of grains, forages continued where moisture allowed. wet conditions. Some freeze damaged oats reseeded. Newly emerged alfalfa patchy development. Established alfalfa HAWAII: Generally fair weather most of week, received weed treatments. Green chopping forage however, low pressure system caused gale force crops continued. Ground preparation spring planted winds, showers across State on 21st. Winds row crops progressed. General activities included variable 5 to 20 mph during week, increasing to 40 pre irrigation, cultivation, herbicide application. to 60 mph on 2ist, some gusts up to 70 mph. Normal winter cultural activities progressed; Temperatures low 60s to high 70s. Rainfall varied vineyards, orchards. Application dormant sprays 0.10 to 6.50 in. progressed slowly, lack of moisture. Irrigation Days suitable for farm work 7.0. High winds on continued, orchards. Riverside County: date 21st caused damage to vine crops, flash floods harvest proceeded. Central Valley: Increasing washed out plantings in some localized areas. Too amount freeze damaged citrus fruit falling off early to assess full effect of storm on trees; navels, lemons harvested, moved processing agriculture, however, no major losses reported. facilities. Southern areas: Navels, lemons, Papaya production low.: Sugar, pineapple harvesting grapefruit harvest continued. Avocado fruit drop continuous. stabilized, Riverside County. Ground preparation for the new crops was ongoing. Melons were being IDAHO: Temperatures to precipitation were below planted under plastic, Imperial county. Potato normal statewide. movement from storage was active. Cattle on Soil moisture adequate in north to parts of east; supplemental feed. Range conditions’ poor to very rest of State short. Farmers, ranchers attended poor southern two thirds of State poor to good educational meetings, shipped potatoes, pruned northern third. Water supplies short. Livestock fruit trees, worked on taxes, shop work. Livestock continued grazing, crop residues. Increased condition good. Lambing, calving continuing. Hay, culling, stocker movement due to drought. roughage supplies adequate. COLORADO: Colder weather dominated the State ILLINOIS: Temperatures 5 to 9° below normal. during the week, moisture was limited. Most Precipitation generally none north; less than 0.40 stations traces to 0.10, in. of moisture. in. central, south. Temperatures mostly 2 to 5 below normal in the Soil moisture adequate to surplus. Winter wheat east, 5 to 10 below normal in the west. fair to good. FLORIDA: Rains 3.00 to 6.00 in. fell across INDIANA: Temperatures 5 to 10° below normal. Panhandle, Big Bend areas; 0.50 or less most other Lows single digits to low teens, highs mid 20s to areas. North experienced frost, freezing 30s. Precipitation none to 0.50 in. temperatures; central Peninsula near normal Snow, cold weather limited field activities. temperatures; southern Peninsula 3 to 6 above Other activities: Attending farm auctions, normal. pesticide training, hauling grain, hauling manure, Soil moisture continued short throughout much of machinery maintenance, purchasing supplies, cutting northern, central Peninsula. Topsoil moisture wood, attending meetings, tobacco processing, tax Panhandle, Big Bend, southern Peninsula. mostly preparation, care of livestock. Livestock mostly adequate. Tobacco growers maintaining tobacco good condition. Wheat fair to good condition. beds. Sugarcane planting, harvesting continued active. Pastures rate 10% poor, 45% fair, 40% IOWA: Temperatures x. te 9° below normal. good, 5% excellent. Panhandle and north Peninsula Extremes -22; 42. Precipitation trace to 0.44 in.; cattle fair to good. South Peninsula herds good. average 0.07 in. Scattered rains very helpful citrus area. Cool Cold temperatures stressing livestock. Concern of temperatures holding back new growth, bloom. Some higher fuels cost. Main activities include: Tending increase in fruit drop from high winds. Most livestock, machinery repair, bookkeeping, planning orange harvest going to processors. Half spring crops. grapefruit moving to processors. Temple, tangelo, Honey Tangerines harvest very active for fresh use. KANSAS: Temperatures mostly normal to 3° above. Rainfall limited most vegetable production areas. Precipitation was less than 0.10 over the entire Fields dried; usual field activities resumed. State. Supplies most crops resumed to normal levels. Most State received precipitation. Snow fell Volume leaders: Tomatoes, cabbage, peppers, eastern, northern districts; over 6.00 in. celery, carrots, snap beans, sweet corn, squash. northeast district. Snow cover on pastures Also available radishes, strawberries, eggplant, increased supplemental feeding. escarole, lettuce. First potatoes dug Immokalee area. KENTUCKY: Cold, relatively dry. High temperatures 28° with highs in 30s, lows in teens; GEORGIA: Cool, damp week. Temperatures 4 to 8° 7° below normal. Precipitation 0.20 in. below normal. Extreme highs low 50s northeast Soil moisture ample. Burley sales nearing mountains, mostly low 60s central], south. Extreme completion. Dark fired tobacco being sold. lows well into teens north, 10° at Blairsville. Livestock feed supplies adequate, ponds stock dams Central, south coldest lows, low to mid 20s, except full. Much concern about low milk prices. freezing along coast. Rain north under 0.25 in., central between 1.00 to 2.00 in. Southeast to LOUISIANA: Temperatures 6.1° below normal extreme south between 2.00 to 4.00 in. common. southeast to 3.0° below normal west central. Snow across mountains 24th to 25th accumulations Extremes 21°; 68°. Rainfall 0.28 in. northwest to 3.00 in. some areas. 2.50 in. southeast. Soil moisture adequate north central, surplus Main activities: Rain, very wet fields have kept elsewhere. Wet soils delayed most field operations. farmers inside. Hay feeding has been heavy, Excess moisture causing diseases in onions, mostly supplies are getting low. Some wheat losses have fair. Small grains good, planting finished. Some occurred due to flooding, excessive soil moisture. isolated nitrogen applications to small grains. Winter vegetable harvesting, crawfish harvesting Little progress tobacco bed preparation, plants 8 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 29, 1991 were active. Equipment, farm. maintenance approaching growing season aue to below normal continued. precipitation. Major farm ranch activities include feeding of livestock, general maintenance. MARYLAND & DELAWARE: MARYLAND: Precipitation 0.31 in. Temperature 34.5 , normal 32.4 . Extremes - NEW ENGLAND: Pregipitation none to 9.36 in. 12°; 60.6 Temperatures -8 to 0 northern Maine, 2° to mid Activities for the week: Repairing fence; hauling teens elsewhere north, 10 to mid 20s. south. manure; spreading fertilizer; maintaining Maximum temperatures high 20s north, to low 50s machinery; tax preparation; caring for livestock. south; minimum temperatures -35° north to 6 south. DELAWARE: Precipitation 0.09 in. Temperature 33.7 , Major farm activities: General repairs, normal 33.5 . Extremes 9°; 58 . maintenance, tending livestock, moving crops from Activities for the week: Repairing fence; hauling storage. manure; spreading fertilizer; maintaining ‘machinery; tax preparation; caring for livestock. NEW JERSEY: Temperatures much below normal, 19° south, 25° north, 29° coastal. Extremes -3 ; 58°. HICEIGAN: Temperatures 3 to 10° below normal. Precipitation below normal, 0.16 in. north, south, Extremes -17° ; 39 -. Precipitation none to 1.37 in. 0.23 in. coastal. Heaviest 24 hour total 0.30 in. across State. Short cold spell pushed temperatures on 21st, 22nd. Heaviest 24 hour snowfall 3.00 in. below zero across State. Wind chill a definite on 21st, 22nd. factor. Some snow over much of State. Farmers caring for livestock, tending to other Despite intense cold livestock still in good normal winter chores. shape, some being kept inside. Feed stocks continue to be adequate. Major activities NEW MEXICO: Temperatures over the State 3 to 12° included: removing snow, purchasing seed for below normal. Light precipitation varying from a spring planting, caring for livestock, and some trace to 0.47 in. was received over most of the fruit tree pruning. State. MINNESOTA: Temperatures 2 to 8° below normal for NEW YORK: Temperatures well below normal, 5 to the State. Extremes 32° International Falls; 41 15°, except for Long, Island where averages were mid above at Canby. Precipitation none to 0.10 across 20s. Extremes -23°; 52.. Week started mild, an the State. Greatest weekly 0.46 in. at Grand arctic air mass caused temperatures to plunge. Marais. Precipitation also well below normal. Snowfall amounted to 3.00 to 6.00 in. western areas. MISSISSIPPI: * Temperature 4° below normal. Lighter amounts fell elsewhere. Extremes 14°; 67°. Wet south, dry central, north. Outside activities hindered by frigid weather. Rainfall 0.86 jn., 0.30. in. below normal. Soil Caring for livestock, attending meetings, repair, temperature 45. maintenance of machinery major activities. Days suitable for fieldwork 0.9, 0.6 1989, 2.0 avg. Soil moisture 41% adequate, 48% surplus, 11% NORTH CAROLINA: Temperatures 8° below normal in excessive. Pasture 20% poor, 47% fair, 17% good, the Mountains, 5° below in the Piedmont 6° below at 16% excellent. Livestock 51% fair and 33% good, the Coast. Precipitation 0.04 to 3.32 in. 16% excellent. Hay, roughage 71% short, 29% Days suitable for fieldwork 2.6. Soil moisture 3% adequate. Feed grain 13% short, 87% adequate. short, 55% adequate, 42% surplus. Pasture 3% very Wheat 9% very poor, 29% poor, 48% fair, 14% good. poor, 15% - poor, 38% fair, 44% good. Crop Activities: Feeding livestock, attending farm condition: Wheat 2% poor, 14% fair, 83% good, 1% meetings, preparation for spring. excellent; oats 2% poor, 15% fair, 82% good, 1% excellent; barley 2% poor, 15% fair, 81% good, 2% MISSOURI: Temperatures 2° below normal southeast excellent; rye 2% poor, 20% fair, 77% good, 1% to 6 below normal north. Heavy snow fell across excellent. Hay, roughage supplies 11% short, north amounting to 0.50 in. precipitation, less 88% adequate, 1% surplus. Feed grain supplies 1% than 0.33 in. most southern areas. very short, 7% short, 92% adequate. Activities: Winter weather continues to limit activities. Tending livestock; preparing, seeding tobacco plant Farm chores, planning for spring main areas of beds; cutting wood; pruning apple trees; equipment interest. repair; general farm maintenance. MONTANA: Temperatures above normal north, east, NORTH DAKOTA: Temperatures 1° above normal east below normal western valleys. Precipitation central to 5° above normal northwest. Extremes -25 amounts mostly less than 0.20 in. major crop areas. north central; 38° southeast, south central. Light North central was driest. precipitation as snow 0.01 in. to 0.03 in. Winter wheat remains about 25% poor, 35% fair, statewide. 35% good, 5% excellent. Snow cover protection Soil moisture below normal. Livestock good, spotty. Soils mostly dry. Mountain snowpack receiving supplemental forages. Hay supplies mostly mostly below average in southwest, south central. adequate, mild weather reduced daily forage Average elsewhere except above average northwest. requirements for cattle. Livestock good to excellent. OHIO: Colder,. drier than normal weather NEBRASKA: Temperatures varied 1° above normal in prevailed. The jet stream brought Arctic air over the southwest to 5° below normal in the northwest. the Ohio Valley. High temperatures mid to upper Precipitation occurred mid week with amounts traces 20s; 6 to 9° below normal. Low temperatures in the up to three fenths of an inch in the east central. single digits to low teens; 4 to 11° below normal. Extremes -12°; 48 . Precipitation, mostly in the form of snow, 0.20 to 0.60 in. water equivalent; 0.20 to 0.50 in. NEVADA: gempeyatures mostly below normal. subnormal. Extremes -17/; 66. No precipitation recorded Cold weather limited outdoor activity. Livestock during the week. were moved to sheltered locations. Snow depths Lack of precipitation continues to be of concern 1.00 to 3.00 in. were common over the northern two to farmers. Farmers may be faced with less than thirds of State. The snow protected most of the half of normal irrigation water supplies during the winter wheat stands. January 29, 1991 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin m:, OKLAHOMA: Temperatures 4° below normal southeast temperatures 3° above typical values for end to 1° below normal northeast. Precipitation none January. Even though some heavy showers fell many most districts to 0.02 in. northeast. parts central, east mid week. Most districts Cool, dry weather restricted wheat growth. reported below normal precipitation. Exception in Cattle good; feeder steer prices up $1 to $2 per southern sections east where slightly above normal cwt. from preceding week. amounts received. Crops: Cotton producers Low Plains need few days OREGON: Temperatures mostly below normal open weather wrap up unharvested fields. Small statewide. Greatest departures from normal in grains continued signs of recovery, although lack Columbia Basin, northeast. Minimum temperatures of sunshine warmer temperatures remain hampering below 20 most of east. No precipitation east of factors. Irrigated wheat fields High Plains doing Cascades. Only few spots west received fine, dryland fields suffer. Spring planting of precipitation; greatest amount 0.01 in. oats on agenda for few producers Low Plains soon Soil moisture adequate west, northeast mountains. field conditions permit. Producers east, central Short elsewhere in east, southwest. Extent of report much moisture on small grains. Some fields freeze damage to winter grains uncertain. Some showing signs yellowing. Winter pastures suffering tillage in preparation for spring grain seeding from livestock bogging. Recent light snow moisture underway west; also some herbicide spraying on stimulated small grains, helped field activities clover. Pruning of tree fruits, nuts, caneberries, Trans Pecos. Statewide wheat 66% of normal blueberries, grapes continued west. Livestock fair compared with 38% 1989. Other field crops: Pecans to good. Calving, lambing continued. Some 100% harvested, 100% 1989, 100% avg. frostbite in newborn calves reported Wheeler Commercial Vegetables: Rio Grande Valley, cole County. Range, pasture condition very poor to fair crop harvest continued. Land preparation for spring east, except remains good at lower elevations vegetables continued. Fall onions continued good Grande Ronde, Imnaha, Snake Canyons; fair to good progress. San Antonio Winter Garden, land preparation for spring planting continued most PENNSYLVANIA: Cold, dry across the Commonwealth. areas. Cabbage harvest continued. Fall onions Temperature 20 ,6 below normal. Extremes -6 ;55 . spinach continued good progress. Pecan harvest Precipitation 0.31 in, 0.33 in. below normal. virtually complete. Wet conditions delaying factor. Activities: Spreading manure; maintaining Unusually high insect damage reported some growers machinery; caring for livestock. Low Plains, yields remained fair with poor to fair grades. PUERTO RICO: Rainfall of 0.04 in. was 0.59 in. Range and _ Livestock: Livestock in fair good below normal. Highest total rainfall was 0.39 in. shape. Winter grazing remained short, some at Pico Del Este Luquillo, 0.21 in. at San Lorenzo, producers in northern a:xeas continued cattle to 0.07 in. at San Juan WSFO. Highest 24 hour total market. Range, winter pastures east, central was 0.22 in. at Pico Del Egte Luquillo. Divisiona remained wet. Boggy conditions hampered livestock temperature about 74 to 75 on the Coasts, 68 to 72 grazing, interfered ranchers' feeding mobility. in the Interior with mean station temperatures 62 Normal feeding, haying continued. Range, pasture at Pico Del Este Luquillo to 78°a t Roosevelt Roads conditions: 1% very poor, 15% poor, 51% fair, 29% N.S. Extremes 50 ; 90 ‘ good, 4% excellent. SOUTH CAROLINA: Temperatures 5 to 8° below normal UTAH: Isolated light showers in north central division, no precipitation elsewhere. Rainfall 0.10 in. Upstate to 1.30 south. Snowfall 1.00 in. Midlands, Piedmont to more than 6.00 in. Temperatures 8 below normal. Water year Mountains. Several rivers in the Pee Dee remain precipitation continues below normal. above flood stage. Cattle, sheep in fair to good condition. Major Farm activities: Wet field conditions continued farm activities: Financial planning, care of to slow fieldwork; however, planting tobacco seed livestock, tax preparation, attending producer, grower meetings. beds, land preparation for spring planting continued as weather permitted; general farm maintenance. VIRGINIA: Temperatures slightly above normal, mid period switch below normal. Extremes 5°; 61. SOUTH DAKOTA: Temperatures near normal Precipitation 0.25 in. : Statewide. Extremes -24°; 43°. Precipitation near Days suitable for fieldwork 1.8. Topsoil normal except Black Hills above normal. Snowfall moisture 57% adequate, 43% surplus. Winter grains, Black Hills 12.0 in. Plains mostly light snowfall, grazing 4% very poor, 9% poor, 39% fair, 44% good, 5.50 in. most on Plains. Snow cover spotty; 1.00 4% excellent. Winter grazing crops, dairy cattle to 3.00 in. up to 14.0 in. Black Hills. 8%, beef cattle 21%, sheep 22%. Feed supplies good to excellent. Fruit tree pruning, shop work, fence TENNESSEE: High pressure prevailed. repair, tax preparation. Temperatures below normal. Highs low to mid 40s, average lows low to mid 20s. Extremes 12°; 56°. WASHINGTON: Temperatures -5 to 3" above normal, east; -5 to 3° above normal, west. Precipitation Precipitation very light, averaged more than 1.00 in. below normal statewide. none to 0.02 in. east; none to 0.01 in. west. Primary Activities: Record keeping, attending Days suitable for fieldwork 1.8. Soil moisture meetings, general farm chores, caring for 64% short, 28% adequate, 8% surplus. Range, livestock. pasture 11% very poor, 22% poor, 47% fair, 20% good. Hay, other roughage 5% short, 95% adequate. TEXAS: Cool dry week across State as general Winter wheat 8% very poor, 60% poor, 32% fair. northwest flow continued over central U.S. Barley 52% very poor, 40% poor, 8% fair. Disturbance moved around 23rd producing significant Temperatures slowly cooled off ending at near precipitation week mainly over eastern half of normal seasonal levels. Winter wheat, barley State. Low pressure area formed off upper coast damage estimates continued to increase. Pruning 24th bringing mostly light rainfall amounts to continued on fruit, berry crops. Livestock doing upper coast. A few fronts worked across State 25th well on winter feed rations. Calving, lambing were through weekend providing seasonal _ cooling. in full swing. Christmas tree growers were starting to plant new trees. Temperatures below normal statewide. Readings 2 to 7 colder than normal. Exception in lower valley 10 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin January 29, 1991 WEST VIRGINIA: Temperature 24°, 0 to 9° below south. Frost depth 12.3 in., 29 year average of normal. Extremes -3 , 51°. Precipitation 0.24 in. 14.6. Snow depth 25th, 9.70 in., 29 year avg. 9.5 Days suitable for fieldwork 2.3. Soil moisture in. 47% adequate, 53% surplus. Wheat, barley good. Cattle, sheep good condition. Hay feed supplies WYOMING: Temperatures 4 to 11° below normal. 55% adequate, 45% surplus. Other feed supplies Precipitation below normal. adequate. Farm activities: Feeding livestock, Winter wheat fair to good. Some winter kill calving, lambing, general maintenance. expected in southeastern areas. Additional moisture needed. Livestock mostly good. Small WISCONSIN: Temperature 7°. Extremes -31°; 34°. amount early calving. Lambing, shearing of farm Below normal temperatures throughout week. Snow flocks starting. Most livestock receiving fell 2.00 in. on 22nd north; less than 0.50 in. supplemental feed. International Weather and Crop Summary HIGHLIGHTS January 20-26, 1991 WESTERN USSR ... Unseasonably warm weather returns SOUTHEAST ASIA ... Seasonable rain continues over to winter grain areas accompanied by light, Malaysia and Indonesia. Drier weather continues scattered precipitation. over the Philippines. NORTHWESTERN AFRICA ... Beneficial rain covers SOUTH AFRICA ae id Widespread showers improve winter grains in northern Morocco, western Algeria, moisture conditions for corn in, oR nearing, and eastern Tunisia. Elsewhere, dry weather reproduction. occurs. SOUTH AMERICA ... Much needed rain falls over EUROPE ... Generally dry weather covers winter Brazil's southern soybeans. Mostly favorable grain areas. growing conditions prevail in Argentina. EASTERN ASIA Beneficial showers maintain AUSTRALIA ... Showers help reproductive summer favorable pre-planting conditions in southern crops in the east. China. SOAV/SDA JOINT AGRICUWLEATTEUR RFAACILLI TY BASED OFP RELININRAEPROYET S WESTERN USSR TOTAL PRECIPITATION (mm) (25mm© 1 INCH) EUROPE ... Generally dry weather covered winter YAN 20 - 26. 1991 grains over most of the region. An exception was the extreme eastern coast of Spain, where rainfall WESTERN USSR ... Unseasonably warm weather returned late in the week ranged from 30 to 100mm, with to the region accompanied by light, scattered local amounts in excess of 120mn. Continued dry precipitation. Greatest amounts of precipitation weather in southern Spain has reduced soil moisture (10-25mm) covered the northern portion of the for vegetative winter grains, and widespread Central Region, the southern portion of the Black significant rain is needed to prevent crop stress. Soils Region, parts of the lower Volga, and a few In southeastern Europe, dry weather continued to locations in the North ‘Caucasus. Weekly average limit moisture recharge for the upcoming growing temperatures were 5-7 degrees Celsius (C) above season. Weekly average temperatures were 2-4 normal in the north and 2-4 degrees C above normal degrees C above normal in Germany, Poland, and in the south. Lowest weekly temperatures generally Czechoslovakia and 1-3 degrees C below normal over ranged from -5 to -15 degrees C and were not low the remainder of the region. Winter grains enough to harm dormant winter grains. Winter grain remained dormant everywhere except in Mediterranean areas in the Baltic States, Belorussia, and the areas, where crops were in the early vegetative Ukraine remained snow free. stage.