Ways of Saying: Ways of Meaning Linguistics: Bloomsbury Academic Collections This Collection, composed of 19 reissued titles from The Athlone Press, Cassell and Frances Pinter, offers a distinguished selection of titles that showcase the breadth of linguistic study. The collection is available both in e-book and print versions. Titles in Linguistics are available in the following subsets: Linguistics: Communication in Artificial Intelligence Linguistics: Open Linguistics Linguistics: Language Studies Other titles available in Linguistics: Open Linguistics include: Into the Mother Tongue: A Case Study in Early Language Development, Clare Painter The Intonation Systems of English, Paul Tench Studies in Systemic Phonology, Ed. by Paul Tench The Case for Lexicase: An Outline of Lexicase Grammatical Theory, Stanley Starosta Semiotics of Culture and Language Volume 1: Language as Social Semiotic, Ed. by Robin P. Fawcett, M. A. K. Halliday, Sydney M. Lamb and Adam Makkai Semiotics of Culture and Language Volume 2: Language and Other Semiotic Systems of Culture, Ed. by Robin P. Fawcett, M. A. K. Halliday, Sydney Lamb and Adam Makkai Ways of Saying: Ways of Meaning Selected Papers of Ruqaiya Hasan Edited by Carmel Cloran, David Butt and Geoffrey Williams Linguistics: Open Linguistics BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC COLLECTIONS Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in 1996 by Cassell This edition published by Bloomsbury Academic 2015 Introduction and Editorial Apparatus © The Editors 2015 ‘The Nursery Tale as a Genre’ (revised) and ‘Semantic Networks: A Tool for the Analysis of Meaning’ © Ruqaiya Hasan 2015 Ruqaiya Hasan has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-1-4742-4686-6 ePDF: 978-1-4742-4687-3 Set: 978-1-4742-4731-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Series: Bloomsbury Academic Collections, ISSN 2051-0012 Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Acknowledgements and list of sources vi Introduction 1 Part One: Text and Context 1. What kind of resource is language? 13 2. What's going on: a dynamic view of context in language 37 3. The nursery tale as a genre 51 Part Two: Tools 4. The grammarian's dream: lexis as most delicate grammar 73 5. Semantic networks: a tool for the analysis of meaning 104 Part Three: Language and Society 6. The ontogenesis of ideology: an interpretation of mother- child talk 133 7. Speech genre, semiotic mediation and the development of higher mental functions 152 8. Ways of saying: ways of meaning 191 Index 243