Warfare in the roman republic This page intentionally left blank Warfare in the roman republic from the etruscan Wars to the battle of actium Lee L. Brice, Editor Copyright 2014 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Warfare in the Roman Republic : from the Etruscan Wars to the Battle of Actium / Lee L. Brice, editor. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61069-298-4 (alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61069-299-1 (ebook) 1.Rome—History, Military. 2. Military art and science—Rome—History. 3.Military history, Ancient. I. Brice, Lee L. DG89.W38 2014 355.020937'09014—dc23 2013048640 ISBN: 978-1-61069-298-4 EISBN: 978-1-61069-299-1 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America to Frank L. Holt, . . . inspirational teacher and friend, with affection. This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction, xiii The Entries, A–Z, 1–212 Actium, Battle of, 1 Aemilius Lepidus, Marcus, 4 Aemilius Paullus, Lucius, 5 Allies, Roman, 6 Antonius, Marcus, 7 Arms and Armor, Roman, 10 Artillery, 12 Cannae, Battle of, 17 Carthage, 20 Cassius Longinus, Gaius, 21 Cavalry, 22 Celts, 24 Centurions, 25 Civil War I, 27 Civil War II, 35 vii viii Contents Civil War III, 41 Cleopatra VII, 49 Comitia Centuriata, 51 Cornelius Cinna, Lucius, 53 Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus, Publius, 54 Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 55 Cornelius Sulla Felix, Lucius, 57 Cynoscephalae, Battle of, 58 Decimation, 61 Discipline, 62 Elephants, War, 65 Etruscan Wars, 66 Etruscan Wars, Causes of the, 68 Etruscan Wars, Consequences of the, 70 Evocati, 73 Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Quintus, 75 Fleet, Roman, 76 Forts, 78 Gallic Wars, 81 Greece, 88 Hannibal, 91 Imperium, 95 Jugurthine War, 97 Julius Caesar, Gaius, 98 Julius Caesar Octavianus, Gaius, 101 Junius Brutus, Marcus, 103 Latin Wars, 105 Contents ix Legion, Cohort, 106 Legion, Manipular/Polybian, 108 Legionary Commanders, 109 Licinius Crassus, Marcus, 111 Licinius Lucullus, Lucius, 112 Livy, 113 Macedonian Wars, 115 Magnesia, Battle of, 117 Marius, Gaius, 119 Military Decorations, 121 Military Oath, 123 Mithradates VI, 125 Mutiny, 127 Parthian Empire, 133 Pharsalus, Battle of, 135 Philippi, Battle of, 137 Piracy, 139 Plutarch, 141 Polybius, 142 Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus, 143 Pompeius Magnus, Sextus, 145 Proletarians, 147 Ptolemaic Dynasty, 147 Punic Wars, 148 Punic Wars, Causes of the, 157 Punic Wars, Consequences of the, 160 Pydna, Battle of, 162