HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY G o Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour of o d w i European Physiology and Psychology Laboratories n & R o y e r Edited by C. James Goodwin and Lizette Royer , e d Foreword by David B. Baker s . E Walter R. Miles (1885–1978) was an American experimental psychologist u very much interested in laboratory apparatus and procedures, and their appli- r oW cations to human behavior. Early in his career, Miles received an appointment p as a research scientist at the Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory in Boston, Massa- ea al chusetts. When Miles arrived at the Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory in 1914, nt e r work was well underway on the physiological effects of various nutrients on P the human body. Miles began studies on the effects of alcohol on physiological hM y i and psychological functioning. sl ie os l The First World War severed many of the relationships that the Carnegie oa gn Laboratory had with research counterparts in Europe. After the war, efforts yd were made to reestablish these ties. From April through August of 1920, a H n Miles visited 57 laboratories and institutes in 9 different countries throughout i ds Europe. A fastidious observer and note taker, Miles documented his journey P1 in exquisite detail. At every stop, he observed, recorded, and interacted with s9 y2 key figures in European physiology and psychology. He gathered all this in- c0 formation together into a highly-detailed report of more than 300 pages. The h oG report, part of the Walter R. Miles and Catharine Cox Miles Papers available l or at the Archives of the History of American Psychology at the University of ga yn Akron, was never formally published. Now available in print, this title pro- d vides unique information about the workings of major centers of physiological L T a and psychological research in early 20th century Europe. The book is intro- bo ou duced by C. James Goodwin, a renowned Miles scholar. rr a to Complimentary CD available. See page iv for details. of r i e s The University of Akron Press Akron, OH 44325-1703 www.uakron.edu/uapress THE UNIVERSITY AKRON OF AKRON PRESS Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour of European Physiology and Psychology Laboratories the center for the history of psychology series The Center for the History of Psychology Series David B. Baker, Editor C. James Goodwin and Lizette Royer, Editors, Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour of European Physiology and Psychology Laboratories Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour of European Physiology and Psychology Laboratories Walter Miles Edited by C. James Goodwin and Lizette Royer a reproduction of the original typescript, with a foreword by david b. baker and an introduction by c. james goodwin The University of Akron Press Akron, Ohio Note to Readers In order to print a quality reproduction of the Walter Miles report, the typescript itself was scanned in its entirety. The scans were then painstakingly cleaned to increase the contrast in order to create a print-ready file. A compact disc that contains the original scans showing the typescript prior to any adjustments is available free of charge to book buyers. In order to receive a copy, please email the following information to [email protected]: your name, place of purchase, and mailing address. Please put “Miles CD” in the subject line of the email. Thank you. All New Material Copyright © 2010 by The University of Akron Press (cid:34)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:114)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:332)(cid:330)(cid:331)(cid:330)(cid:1)(cid:114)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:71)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:114)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69) permission requests should be addressed to the Publisher, the University of Akron Press, Akron, Ohio 44325-1703. 14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1 isbn 978-1-931968-85-0 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48–1984. ∞ Cover photo and backcover detail (original photo pictured above): Archives of the History of American Psychology, The University of Akron, Walter R. and Catharine Cox Miles papers. L to R: Thorne M. Carpenter; Walter B. Can- (cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:66)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1) (cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:27)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:78)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:84) Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:78)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:90)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:15)(cid:1) Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour was printed on 60# Natural and bound by BookMasters of Ashland, Ohio. Contents (cid:39)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)David B. Baker vii Introduction C. James Goodwin ix Editorial Note xxi Walter Miles and His 1920 Grand Tour of European Physiology and Psychology Laboratories 1 Great Britain 7 (cid:39)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1) (cid:331)(cid:332)(cid:337) Belgium 167 The Netherlands 191 Denmark 239 Sweden 259 Germany and Austria 275 General Remarks 297 Transcriptions 311 Outline 321 Biographical Profiles 337 Index 355 (cid:39)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:69) David B. Baker It is a pleasure to introduce the inaugural volume in the Center for the History of Psychology Series. This series is the realization of a long-held goal to make the historical treasure located within the Archives of the History of American Psychology more acces- sible. The timing could not be better. In its forty-fifth year of operation, the Archives of the History of American Psychology is undergoing dramatic growth and expansion. The publication of this volume coincides with the opening of the new Center for the History of Psychology at The University of Akron. The center provides expanded space for the Archives of the History of American Psychology, a museum, and ample room for expansion. With these changes comes a greater opportunity to educate the public about the science and practice of psychology, while maintaining the core mission of promoting research in the history of psychology. The Center for the History of Psychology Series is designed to highlight unpublished works of historical significance and interest. The first offering was an easy choice. The Walter R. and Catharine Cox Miles Papers were one of the earliest acquisitions of the Archives of the History of American Psychology and they certainly have stood the test of time. The collection, which includes more than 43 linear feet of material, is a tour (cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:84)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:224)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1) and Catharine Cox Miles sampled most of the terrain of twentieth century psychology in America. Walter Miles was fastidious in his observations and had the good sense to safely keep and protect his own archival record. This facsimile reproduction of his 1920 trip to Europe offers a rare firsthand account of the work of early twentieth century physiology and psychology laboratories. Reading over the observations and reflections, which are richly supplemented with photographs, it is easy to transport back in time and join Miles on his visit 90 years ago. The details are rich, the personal insights and interactions revealing, and the value to the histori- cal record priceless. There is something here for everyone interested in the history of human science. vii walter miles and his 1920 grand tour Editors C. James Goodwin and Lizette Royer have done wonderful work providing the “bookends” for this facsimile. Their work provides important context that makes this volume readily accessible. A special thank you to AHAP student assistant Andrew White for scanning the manuscript. Acknowledgments are also due to the University of Akron Press. Their enthusiasm and support for this series is deeply appreciated. viii Introduction C. James Goodwin In April 1920, the American experimental psychologist Walter R. Miles, then a young research scientist at the Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory in Boston, embarked on a remarkable four and a half month voyage to Europe. His goal was to visit laboratories of physiology and psychology in Great Britain and on the continent, reestablishing links that had been fractured during World War I. Between April 1920 and his return the following August, Miles visited 57 laboratories and institutes, and 9 different countries (one of them, Switzerland, was for a three-day holiday just before his return to Boston). He also attended and made presentations on apparatus of his invention to a meeting of the British Psychological Association at Cambridge and to an international conference for physiologists in Paris. Miles kept extensive records during his grand tour, convert- ing them into a highly detailed Report of a Visit to Foreign Laboratories: April to August, 1920, now part of the Walter R. and Catharine Cox Miles collection in The Archives of the History of American Psychology at The University of Akron. In addition to the narrative, Miles included in his report dozens of photos and postcards accumulated during the trip. Including pages with photos or postcards attached, the report runs to more than 300 pages. The Miles report paints a detailed and telling portrait of the state of European physi- ology and psychology in the years immediately after World War I. This monograph reproduces that report in facsimile form. In addition, the narrative is accompanied by a detailed outline summarizing the tour, and brief biographical portraits of the major physiologists and psychologists visited by Miles. Walter R. Miles (1885–1978): A “Lab Man” Walter Miles was the prototypical psychological scientist. He made important con- tributions to a variety of research areas in experimental psychology, was skilled as an apparatus inventor, and was happiest when immersed in the daily minutiae of laboratory life. His scientific interests were eclectic, ranging from basic research on maze learning to applied research on the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol consump- ix