Helion & Company Limited 26 Willow Road Solihull West Midlands B91 1UE England Tel. 0121 705 3393 Fax 0121 711 4075 Email: [email protected] Website: www.helion.co.uk Published by Helion & Company 2012 Designed and typeset by Farr out Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire Cover designed by Farr out Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire Printed by Gutenberg Press Limited, Tarxien, Malta Main text and Appendices III-XVII, XIX-XX © Norbert Számvéber 2011 Appendices I, II, XVIII © Helion & Company Limited 2011 Photographs and maps © as shown Front cover image: Grenadiers near a Panther from I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12, 25 June 1944. (Ullstein Bilderdienst) Rear cover image: A close-up view of Obersturmbannführer Max Wünsche, Belgium, March 1944. Note the zimmerit anti-magnetic mine paste on the tank. (National Archives) ISBN: 978 1 907677 24 3 EPUB ISBN: 978 1 910294 14 7 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written consent of Helion & Company Limited. For details of other military history titles published by Helion & Company Limited contact the above address, or visit our website: http://www.helion.co.uk. We always welcome receiving book proposals from prospective authors. Contents List of Illustrations List of Maps Glossary Introduction Part I: The Combat History of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 in Normandy Organization and Training of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 (29 June 1943–6 June 1 1944) 2 The First Battle for Caen, 6–10 June 1944 3 The Second Battle for Caen, 11–18 June 1944 4 Operational Interval, 19–24 June 1944 5 The Third Battle for Caen, 25–30 June 1944 6 Another Operational Interval and the Fourth Battle for Caen, 1–10 July 1944 7 Replacement and Reorganization, 12–17 July 1944 8 Fighting between Falaise and Caen, 18 July–21 August 1944 9 Fighting between Touques and the Seine, 22–29 August 1944 Photo Gallery Part II: The Combat History of SS-Panzerjäger Abteilung 12 in Normandy Organization, Equipment and Training of SS-Panzerjäger Abteilung 12 (6 1 February–9 July 1944) Combat of SS-Panzerjäger Abteilung 12 in the Battle for Normandy, 10 July–26 2 August 1944 Conclusion: The Effectiveness of the Armour of the 12.SS-Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend” in Normandy Appendices I Table of Ranks II Officers of SS-Panzer Regiment 12* III Assignment of Tactical Numbers to SS-Panzer Regiment 12, January 1944 IV Tanks assigned to SS-Panzer-Regiment 12 1 January-30 April 1944 V Weapons inventory of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 30 April 1944 Allied aircraft shot down by the 2cm anti-aircraft guns of SS-Panzer Regiment 12, VI 10 May–3 August 1944 VII Tank strength of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 1 June-11 August 1944 Total losses of I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 in Panther tanks 7 June-4 September VIII 1944 IX Allied tanks knocked out by II./SS-Panzer Regiment 12, 7 June–9 August 1944 Battle casualties of the Stab of SS-Panzer Regiment 12, 7 June–27 September X 1944 XI Battle casualties of I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12, 7 June–31 October 1944 XII Battle casualties of II./SS-Panzer Regiment 12, 7 June–20 October 1944 Effectiveness of the armoured fighting vehicles of 12.SS-Panzer Division related XIII to Allied operations 7 June-16 August 1944 Summarised report of enemy tanks and other weapons knocked out by SS-Panzer XIV Regiment 12 7 June-1 September 1944 (report dated 17 October 1944) Allied tanks knocked out by the Panthers of I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 8 June-1 XV September 1944 Supply of new tanks for SS-Panzer Regiment 12 during the combat in Normandy XVI 6 July-29 August 1944 Movement orders for 12.SS-Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend” and SS-Panzer XVII Regiment 12, 26 August 1944 XVIII Officers of SS-Panzerjäger Abteilung 12† Allied armoured fighting vehicles knocked out by the Jagdpanzer IVs of SS- XIX Panzerjäger Abteilung 12 XX Battle casualties of SS-Panzerjäger Abteilung 12 in Normandy, August 1944 Bibliography and Guide to Further Reading * This Appendix also includes biographical data relating to several award holders who were not officers. † This Appendix also includes biographical data relating to several award holders who were not officers. List of Illustrations T he images of individuals that follow include not only personnel of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 and SS-Panzerjäger Abteilung 12, but others relevant to both formations from “Hitlerjugend” as well as other units. As a component of the I.SS-Panzer Korps, both units considered in this volume often fought in conjunction with other elements of “Hitlerjugend” along with other units subordinated to the Korps. In the latter case these were primarily parts of the 1.SS-Panzer Division “Leibstandarte” and the Tiger-equipped schwere SS-Panzer Abteilung 101. In instances where notations direct the reader to either Appendix II or Appendix XVIII, these include both biographical data as well as the surviving recommendations for the awards in question. Combined, SS-Panzer Abteilung 12 and SS-Panzerjäger Abteilung 12 were awarded one Oakleaves to the Knight’s Cross, seven awards of the Knight’s Cross, and nine awards of the German Cross in Gold for combats during the Normandy campaign. Other captions direct the reader to biographical footnotes for personnel specifically outside the two primary units under study, aside from those individuals also being mentioned in the primary text. The first commander of the 12.SS-Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend”, Fritz Witt is shown as an Obersturmbannführer in a signed photo (see Chapter 2 Footnote 5). (Mark C. Yerger) Josef “Sepp” Dietrich commanded the I.SS-Panzer Korps in Normandy (see Chapter 2 Footnote 23). (Mark C. Yerger) An excellent close-up of a Panzer IV from II./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 on exercises in Belgium, winter 1943/44. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101 I-297-1722-27, photo: Kurth) Panzer IV from 6.Kompanie II./SS-Panzer Regiment 12, Belgium, winter 1943/44. This image gives a good impression of the application of the tactical numbers to the tanks. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-297-1725-09, photo: Kurth) A frontal view of the same Panzer IV. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-297-1725-11, photo: Kurth) Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt observing exercises conducted by SS-Panzer Regiment 12, March 1944. From left to right: von Rundstedt (Oberbefehlshaber West), Standartenführer Kurt Meyer (commander SS-Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment 25, later commander 12.SS-Panzer Division), Brigadeführer Fritz Witt (commander, 12.SS-Panzer Division), Obergruppenführer Joseph Dietrich (commander, I.SS- Panzer Korps). (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-297-1739-16A, photo: Kurth) Panzer IV tanks from 5.Kompanie, II./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 parade before Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt, March 1944. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I- 297-1740-19A, photo: Kurth) Max Wünsche as a Sturmbannführer with the “Leibstandarte” wearing his Knight’s Cross, later the first commander of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 (see Appendix II and main text). (Mark C. Yerger) Obersturmbannführer Max Wünsche in his Panther command tank (Pz Bef Wg Panther) during an exercise with SS-Panzer Regiment 12 in Belgium, March 1944. The additional antennae for the command equipment are clearly visible. (National Archives) A close-up view of Obersturmbannführer Max Wünsche, Belgium, March 1944. Note the zimmerit anti-magnetic mine paste on the tank. (National Archives) Panthers from 2.Kompanie, I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 on exercise in Belgium, March 1944. (National Archives) A Panther from I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12, Belgium, March 1944. (National Archives) A rear view of Wünsche’s command Panther, Belgium, March 1944. (National Archives) An iconic view of Obersturmbannführer Max Wünsche, commander of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 during the fighting in Normandy. (National Archives) Max Wünsche giving Hitler the donations of the I.SS-Panzer Korps (see KTB entry for 20 April 1944). (Mark C. Yerger) The basis of German infantry tactics in the Second World War rested on the general- purpose machine gun. This photograph shows German Panzergrenadiers using a 7.92 mm MG 34 machine gun, which was also used by the forces of the 12. SS-Panzer Division “Hitlerjugend” in Normandy. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History 41294) A Panzer IV Ausf J from II./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 moving to the front, June 1944. (Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-493-3355-10, photo: Siedel) From left to right: Standartenführer Kurt Meyer (commander, SS-Panzer-Grenadier- Regiment 25), Brigadeführer Fritz Witt (commander, 12.SS-Panzer Division) and Obersturmbannführer Max Wünsche (commander, SS-Panzer Regiment 12), Ardenne Abbey, the command post of the division, early June 1944. (Cody Images) A formal portrait of Max Wünsche in black Panzer uniform after being awarded the Knight’s Cross (see Appendix II and main text). (Mark C. Yerger) Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, supreme commander of the British-Canadian 21st Army Group. His command, though suffering severely, successfully contained most of the German armoured divisions deployed against the Allied beachheads in Normandy. However, he also launched a number of unsuccessful attacks in order to capture Caen leading to severe British-Canadian armoured losses. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History 26797) Knight’s Cross holder Wilhelm Beck in a formal portrait (see Chapter 2 Footnote 22). (Mark C. Yerger) Wilhelm Mohnke as a Standartenführer showing his Knight’s Cross (see Chapter 2 Footnote 25). (Mark C. Yerger) Hauptsturmführer Gerd Freiherr von Reitzenstein being awarded his German Cross in Gold by Walter Krüger (see Chapter 3 Footnote 1). (Mark C. Yerger) A command conference at the divisional command post, Caen-Venoix, 13 or 14 June 1944 – left to right are Obersturmbannführer Max Wünsche (commander, SS-Panzer Regiment 12), Brigadeführer Fritz Witt (commander, 12.SS-Panzer Division) and Standartenführer Kurt Meyer (commander, SS-Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment 25). (Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1988-028-25A) A knocked out British Humber Mk. IV armoured reconnaissance car near Caen in June 1944. The armament of this 6.5 ton vehicle consisted of a 37 mm gun and a co-axial machine gun. Its crew of three was protected by a maximum 15mm armour. The vehicle was mainly used by the reconnaissance regiments of the British infantry divisions. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History 52809) Sturmbannführer Bernhard Krause (see Chapter 3 Footnote 5). (Mark C. Yerger) Knocked out British Cromwell IV medium tanks in the Caen sector, June 1944. The armament of the tank consisted of a 75 mm gun and two machine guns. The crew of five was protected by armour a maximum of 76mm thick. The Cromwell was used by the British, Canadian, Polish armoured reconnaissance regiments and the armoured regiments of the British 7th Armoured Division in Normandy. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History 55505-36) Another view of knocked out British Cromwell IV tanks near Caen, June 1944. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History) Kurt Meyer in a portrait as a Standartenführer and Oakleaves holder. He succeeded Fritz Witt as “Hitlerjugend” division commander on 14 June 1944 (see Chapter 2 Footnote 5 and Chapter 8 Footnote 26). (Mark C. Yerger) Kurt Meyer being presented his Oakleaves by Adolf Hitler (see Chapter 8 Footnote 26). (Mark C. Yerger) Rudolf von Ribbentrop as an Obersturmführer (see Appendix II). (Mark C. Yerger) Both wounded in Normandy, Rudolf von Ribbentrop (left) is driven by Panzer Regiment commander Max Wünsche, June 1944 (see Appendix II and throughout text). (Mark C. Yerger) Obersturmbannführer Herbert Kuhlmann while with the “Leibstandarte” (see Appendix II). He later commanded SS-Panzer Regiment 12. (Mark C. Yerger) Grenadiers near a Panther from I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12, 25 June 1944. (Ullstein Bilderdienst) The terrain in Normandy was especially suitable for establishing ambush positions. This photograph shows a heavily camouflaged towed 7.5 cm Pak 40 anti-tank guns of the German Army (Heer). It was barely possible for armoured vehicles moving through the dense vegetation of the Normandy bocage to spot and combat hidden anti-tank weapons before the first shots were fired. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History 52835) Grenadiers from 12.SS-Panzer Division near Caen, June 1944. (Cody Images) Knight’s Cross holder Hauptsturmführer Hans Siegel, Kompanie Chef of the 8./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 (see Appendix II and throughout text). (Mark C. Yerger) Sturmbannführer Erich Olboeter, commander of the III./SS-Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment 26 during the Normandy fighting (see Chapter 5 Footnote 20). (Mark C. Yerger) Grenadiers move forwards near Tilly, Normandy, 28 June 1944. In support are Panthers from I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12. (Ullstein Bilderdienst) An SdKfz 222 armoured car from SS-Panzeraufklärungsabteilung 12, Caen, July 1944. (Cody Images) Albert Frey as an Obersturmbannführer and Oakleaves holder (see Chapter 6 Footnote 21). (Mark C. Yerger) The wreckage of an American P–47D Thunderbolt fighter-bomber plane shot down by the Germans (although not soldiers from SS-Panzer Regiment 12) in the sector of Argentan on 14 August 1944. The self-propelled 2 cm anti-aircraft guns of SS-Panzer Regiment 12 shot down eight such aircraft before the invasion and at least five more during the fighting in Normandy. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History 55577-13) Arnold Jürgensen as a Sturmbannführer displaying his Knight’s Cross (see Appendix II). (Mark C. Yerger) Hauptsturmführer Erich Grätz, commander of the III./SS-Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment 1 of the “Leibstandarte” (see Chapter 6 Footnote 23). (Mark C. Yerger) From left are Karl-Heinz Prinz being given the Knight’s Cross by Josef “Sepp” Dietrich while SS-Panzer Regiment 12 commander Max Wünsche watches at right (see Appendix II and Chapter 2 Footnote 23). (Mark C. Yerger) Knight’s Cross holder Richard Rudolf. Note his sleeve title can be partly seen (see Appendix II). (Mark C. Yerger) A destroyed British Sherman Firefly tank lies on its side on the distinctive Normandy terrain. The “52” above the right back fender indicates that the vehicle was probably belonged to the battalion-sized Staffordshire Yeomanry armoured regiment of the independent British 27th Armoured Brigade. In theory, the British, Canadian and Polish tank troops consisted of one Firefly with increased firepower besides three Shermans, but the shortage of Fireflies available frequently prevented this allocation. (Hungarian Institute and Museum of Military History) Arnold Jürgensen in black Panzer uniform while with the “Leibstandarte”. He commanded the I./SS-Panzer Regiment 12 in Normandy (see Appendix II and throughout text). (Mark C. Yerger) Sturmbannführer Hans Waldmüller, commander of the I./SS-Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment