Vrydagzynea albostriata Schltr. (Orchidaceae) - new to the flora of Australia, with notes on the identity of V. grayi D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. B. Gray & P. Ormerod Summary Gray, B. & Ormerod, P. (2018). Vrydagzynea albostriata Schltr. (Orchidaceae) - new to the flora of Australia, with notes on the identity of V. grayi D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Austrobaileya 10(2): 273- 281. Vrydagzynea albostriata Schltr. (Orchidaceae) is newly recorded for the flora of Australia from northern Queensland and a lectotype selected for the name. V. grayi Jones & M. A. Clem, is found to be a synonym of V. elongata Blume. A key to the genus Vrydagzynea in Australia is provided, along with a description and illustration based on the recently discovered material of V albostriata. Key Words: Orchidaceae, Vrydagzynea, Vrydagzynea albostriata, Vrydagzynea elongata, Vrydagzynea grayi, Australia flora, Queensland flora, new record, taxonomy, identification key B. Gray, Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland 4878, Australia; P. Ormerod, PO. Box 8210, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. Email: [email protected] Introduction Vrydagzynea Blume is a genus of small, conspecific with V elongata, and here reduce tender, shade-loving, terrestrial orchids with it to synonymy. At the same time we add V about 40 species distributed from northeast albostriata Schltr. to the flora of Australia, India to Samoa. It has two centres of diversity, based on recent collections from tropical one in Borneo where 16 species are recorded northern Queensland. Thus two species are (Wood & Cribb 1994; Wood et al. 2011), and to be found in Australia, both shared with the another in New Guinea from where about island of New Guinea. 10 taxa are recorded (Ormerod 2017). In Materials and methods Australia, a single species of Vrydagzynea has been reported, firstly as V paludosa This study is based on the examination of J.J.Sm. (Jones 1988), then reidentified as living specimens, dried materials, and spirit V. elongata Blume (Ormerod 1994), before collections held at A, AMES, BM, BRI, C, finally being described as an endemic taxon, CNS, K, LAE, and NSW. Measurements were V grayi D.L. Jones & M.A. Clem. (Jones taken from dried specimens, flowers of which & Clements 2004). We find that V grayi is were rehydrated, and from material in spirit. Taxonomy Key to Australian Vrydagzynea species 1 Leaves dark green above with a central white stripe; flowers with a pubescent ovary and base of sepals; dorsal sepal 4-5 mm long.V. albostriata 1. Leaves pale to dark green above, unicoloured; flowers with a glabrous ovary and sepals; dorsal sepal c. 3 mm long.V. elongata Accepted for publication 19 July 2018 274 Austrobaileya 10(2): 273-281 (2018) Vrydagzynea albostriata Schltr., in Schum. Creek N of Mossman, Gray BG9970, Hawkes & de & Laut., Nachtr. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Groot (CNS). Siidsee, 2: 83 (1905). Type citation: “Papua Distribution and habitat: Vrydagzynea New Guinea - Schumann River, 200 m, albostriata has been recorded in Indonesia January 1902, R. Schlechter 13835; New (Papua Province), Papua New Guinea and Ireland, near Punam, 600 m, July 1902, R. Australia (northeast Queensland). In New Schlechter 14694”. Type: Papua New Guinea. Guinea this species is found growing amongst Schumann River, 200 m, January 1902, R. leaf litter in shady lowland and lower montane Schlechter 13835 (lecto [here designated]: K; rainforest, occasionally near stream margins, isolecto: BM, P image!). from 30-945 m. In Queensland, this species has been found growing in wet lowland Plants terrestrial. Rhizome terete, creeping, rainforest near creeks (Map 1). rooting at nodes. Roots terete, pubescent. Stem erect, laxly 3-9-leaved, up to 70 mm Phenology: Flowering and fruiting has been tall. Leaves obliquely oblong-lanceolate, observed in January, May, July, and August acute, shortly petiolate, 15-60 x 5-19 mm, in New Guinean material of Vrydagzynea dark green above with a central white albostriata. It is likely however that these stripe; petiole and sheath up to 20 mm long. reproductive events are year-round in the Inflorescence terminal, racemose, pubescent, less seasonal rainforests of New Guinea. In 30-32 mm long; peduncle 18-19 mm long; Queensland, V. albostriata is currently known rachis densely flowered, 12-13 mm long; to flower December to March. floral bracts lanceolate, acute, pubescent, up to 6 mm long, green. Flowers with green sepals, Typification: The protologue for Vrydagzynea white petals and labellum, and a greenish albostriata lists two Schlechter collections, spur. Pedicel with ovary narrowly fusiform, both of which are extant. The Kew specimen pubescent, c. 4 mm long. Dorsal sepal of Schlechter 13835 is chosen as lectotype because it is the best of the available syntypes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, thickened apically, and is a fertile (flowering) specimen. externally pubescent in lower half, forming with the petals a galea 5-5.5 x c. 2.5 mm. Notes: Vrydagzynea albostriata is distinctive Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, among taxa found in New Guinea and obtuse, externally pubescent in lower half, Australia in having pubescent ovaries and 4.5-5 x 1.8-2 mm. Petals obliquely oblong- flowers, whereas the nine other known species lanceolate, shortly clawed basally, obtuse, have glabrous (or rarely papillate) ovaries and c. 3 x 0.8-1 mm. Labellum oblong, obtuse, flowers. calceolate, medially with a low bicarinate ridge, c. 3 x 1.2 mm; spur obliquely fusiform, Vernacular name: Wubungu (Wapi obtuse, inside with two stalked glands, c. 1.3 Language, Miwaute, West Sepik Province, mm long. Column short, c. 1.2 mm long. Papua New Guinea). Figs. 1 & 2. Vrydagzynea elongata Blume, FI. Javae Ins. Additional specimens examined: Papua New Guinea. Adj. n.s. 1: 61 (1858); Coll. Orch. Arch. Ind. West Sepik Province: Torricelli Mountains, near 74 (1858). Type: Indonesia. Papua Province: Miwaute Village, Aug 1961, Darbyshire 178 (LAE); Triton Bay, s.dat., E.J.F. Le Guillou s.n. (holo: Lumi District, East Au Census Division, Torricelli L, image!). Mountains, Mt Sulen, near Sikel, Jul 1981, Reeve 3828 (K, NSW); Torricelli Mountains, Lipan Pass, Aug 1981, Vrydagzynea grayi D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Reeve 4066 (K); Carpentaria Exploration Base Camp, Orchadian 14, 8 (Scientific Suppl.): xii (2004), from K1 to K8 helipad, Jan 1978, Hoover 824 (A). New Ireland Province: near Punam, Jul 1902, Schlechter syn. nov. Type: Australia. Queensland. Cook 14694 (AMES, BRI, K). Oro Province: Kokoda, May District: Stewart Creek, Portion 24, Parish of 1936, Carr 17173 (BM). Milne Bay Province: Raba Raba Whyanbeel, 16 July 1983, B. Gray 3162 (holo: Subdistrict, junction of Ugat and Mayu Rivers, near CNS). Mayu 1, Jul 1972, Streimann & Katik NGF34035 (K). Australia. Queensland. Cook District: Whyanbeel Gray & Ormerod, Vrydagzynea albostriata 275 Fig. 1. Vrydagzynea albostriata. A. habit of mature flowering plant. B. lateral view of flower. C. face view of flower. D. longitudinal section through flower. E. face view of column. F. lateral view of column. G. face view of anther. H. pollinia. I. floral bract. J. dorsal sepal. K. petal. L. lateral sepal. M. face view of labellum. Scale as indicated. All from Gray BG9970, de Groot & Hawkes (CNS). Del. B. Gray. 276 Austrobaileya 10(2): 273-281 (2018) Fig. 2. Vrydagzynea albostriata. Whole plant with flowering inflorescence (Gray BG9970, de Groot & Hawkes, CNS) Vrydagzynea sp., D.L.Jones, Nat. Orch. Village, Jan 1914, Gibbs 6240 (K). Papua New Guinea. Austral. 351 (1988). West Sepik Province: near Sumo Village, on Rahinbrum River, Jul 1961, Darby shire & Hoogland 8075 (LAE); Vrydagzynea paludosa auct. non J.J. Sm.: Leitre Village, Mar 1964, Sayers NGF18089 (LAE). D.L.Jones, Nat. Orch. Austral. 637 (1988); East Sepik Province: Victoria Bay, Jul 1840, Barclay 3567 (BM). Madang Province: Kaulo Base, Jan 1908, M.A. Clem., Austral. Orch. Res. 1: 147 Schlechter 17188 (NSW); Bismarck Range, Jan 1902, (1989); Dockr., Austral. Indig. Orch. ed. 2, 1: Schlechter 14039 (BM, K, NSW); on the way from 42 (1992); Lavarack & B.Gray, Austral. Trop. the Ramu River to the coast. Mar 1902, Schlechter Orch. 22 (1992). s.n. (AMES); Erimahafen, Dec 1901, Schlechter s.n. (AMES); Josephstaal FMA area, near Guam River, For further synonymy see Ormerod (2017). Aug 1999, Takeuchi et al. 13886 (A). Morobe Province: Figs. 3-5. Markham River, 1890, Weinland 203 (BRI, NSW); Markham River mouth, Aug 1964, van Royen NGF20073 Additional specimens examined: Indonesia. Maluku (A, BRI, LAE); ibid, Oct 1974, Ctunie LAE63004 (A, Province: Aru Islands, Pulau Kobroor, upstream from BRI, K, LAE); 12 km NW of Lae, Markham Swamp, Kampong Jierlai, Apr 1993, Nooteboom 5720 (A, C). Aug 1982, Streimann 8512 (LAE); Huon Gulf, Cape Papua Province: Arfak Range, ridge behind Roon Arkona, Aug 1890, Lauterbach 644 (BRI). East New Gray & Ormerod, Vrydagzynea albostriata 277 Fig. 3. Vrydagzynea elongata. A. habit of mature flowering plant. B. face view of flower. C. lateral view of flower. D. longitudinal section through flower. E. floral bract. F. face view of labellum. G. face view of anther. H. face view of column. I. lateral view of column. J. petal. K. lateral sepal. L. dorsal sepal. Scale as indicated. All from Gray BG9691, de Groot & Hawkes (CNS). Del. B. Gray. 278 Austrobaileya 10(2): 273-281 (2018) Fig. 4. Vrydagzynea elongata. Whole plant with flowering inflorescence (Gray BG9691, de Groot & Hawkes, CNS). Gray & Ormerod, Vrydagzynea albostriata 219 Fig. 5. Vrydagzynea elongata. Inflorescence with flowers and buds (Gray BG9691, de Groot & Hawkes, CNS). 280 Austrobaileya 10(2): 273-281 (2018) Britain Province: Hoskins Subdistrict, Nuau Logging In describing Vrydagzynea grayi, Jones Area, Feb 1971, Lelean & Stevens LAE51274 (BRI, K, & Clements (2004) noted that it did not LAE); Sabuite Creek, SW of Rikau Village, Apr 1959, match any species described from New White NGF10499 (BRI); Kapiura River, c. 1 km from Guinea. Their comments are partly correct confluence with Aum River, May 1979, Sohmer et at. LAE75288 (BRI, K, LAE). Oro Province: Isuarava, because the descriptions of V. elongata and Feb 1936, Carr 10562 (BM, K). Milne Bay Province: its synonyms are somewhat general, and the Sudest (=Tagula) Island, Apr 1898, Micholitz s.n. (K). only published floral analysis by Schlechter Australia. Queensland. Cook District: Daintree area, (1923-1928; 1982, of the synonym V upper Stewart Creek, Aug 1986, Gray BG4327 (CNS); ibid, May 2017, Gray BG9782 (CNS); Whyanbeel, N of pachyceras Schltr.) is not wholly correct in Mossman, Sep 2015, GrayBG9691 (CNS). its depiction of the labellum. This analysis shows the labellum to have involute margins Distribution and habitat: Vrydagzynea but we find it to be calceolate with two flaps elongata has been found in Indonesia covering a cavity (see Fig. 3). Nevertheless, (Maluku and Papua Provinces), Papua New the confusion surrounding V elongata was Guinea and Australia (northeast Queensland). clarified by Smith (1929), who identified the In New Guinea this species is found in lower critical characters of the species, and added V montane forest and lowland forest, including pachyceras and his own V rectangulata J.J. forest in swamps near the mouths of rivers, Sm. to the synonymy. from 0-1220 m. In Queensland it is found in wet lowland rainforest near streams in the We have studied material of V elongata Mossman to Daintree area (Map 1). A sterile from throughout its range, and have no doubt collection from Moa Island, Torres Strait that V grayi is a synonym of this widespread (Jones 3615, BRI) is a good match for this taxon. The species exhibits some variability, species on foliage characters and indicates especially in leaf number (3-11 per stem), that it may have a wider distribution in leaf shape (obliquely ovate to almost Australia. symmetrically lanceolate), flower number (few to many), and shape of the spur in lateral Phenology: Flowering and fruiting has view (oblong-elliptic to fusiform). been observed in January, February, March, April, July, August, October, and December Vernacular names: Lai tutur (Aru Islands, in New Guinean specimens of V elongata. Maluku Province, Indonesia); Tume This indicates that reproductive events are (Pogatumo Language, Sumo Village, West year-round for the New Guinean plants. In Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea). Australia V. elongata has been found to flower Acknowledgements in May, July, August and September, which corresponds to late autumn through to late We wish to thank herbaria and library staff at winter in northern Queensland. A, AMES, BRI, C, CNS, K, LAE and NSW for their help and hospitality during our visits, Notes: Vrydagzynea elongata may be W. Smith (BRI) for the distribution map and distinguished from its congeners in New T. Hawkes and T. de Groot who first located Guinea and Australia by its small flowers Vrydagzynea albostriata in Australia and for (dorsal sepal 3 mm long versus 5 mm long), assistance with field work. and labellum lamina that forms a right angle (versus obtuse to 180°) with the spur. V brassii References Ormerod is the only other New Guinean Jones, D.L. (1988). Native Orchids of Australia. Reed species with a 3 mm long dorsal sepal, but it Books, Australia. differs in having two divergent, pubescent, laminate ridges (versus two low, close, Jones, D.L. & Clements, M.A. (2004). Miscellaneous new species, new genera, reinstated genera and broadly rounded ridges) on the labellum, and new combinations in Australian Orchidaceae. the labellum lamina is at an obtuse angle to Orchadian 14, 8 (Scientific Supplement: i-xvi). the spur. Gray & Ormerod, Vrydagzynea albostriata 281 Ormerod, P. (1994). Some comments regarding the identity of the Australian Vrydagzynea species. Orchadian 11: 218-219. -(2017). Checklist of Papuasian Orchids. Nature & Travel Books: Australia. Schlechter, R. (1923-1928). Figuren-Atlas zu den Orchidaceen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt fiir Sammlung und Veroffentlichnng von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen. Beihefte 21: Taf. I-CCCLXXII. - (1982). The Orchidaceae of German New Guinea. English translation. D.F. Blaxell (ed.). Australian Orchid Foundation: Melbourne. Smith, J.J. (1929). Orchidaceae (pp.). Nova Guinea 14: 357-516, plates 41-87. Wood, J.J. & Cribb, P.J. (1994). A checklist of the Orchids of Borneo. Royal Botanic Gardens: Kew. Wood, J.J., Beaman, T.E., Lamb, A., Chan, C.L. & Beaman, J.H. (2011). The Orchids of Mount Kinabalu. Natural History Publications: Kota Kinabalu. Map 1. Distribution of Vrydagzynea albostriata (cid:9733) and V. elongata O in Queensland, Australia.