Frontispiece: Anamarae (1986): by Judy Osburn (original sculpture in gold and silver with Australian fire opal on malachite. Anamarae plunged to the bottom of Ocean riding her dragon searching for the Stone of the All- wise Philosophers. Succeeding on the quest they arose from Ocean on waves of Argent Vive and ascended into the firmament. The power of the Stone distorts space/time as she holds it aloft and opens a Pore-tal to the Kore of the Great Mystery. Her dragon focuses Mercury and sets course into the wormhole unfolding Paradoxa transcending Space/Time. Better Living Through Alchemy Volume I Lynn Osburn Copyright Lynn Osburn 2011 all rights reserved Table of Contents Author’s Preface 2008 Introduction Part I Origins Of Alchemy Ancient Alchemy East and West Hindu Origins of Alchemy Taoist Origins of Alchemy Hermetic Origins of Alchemy Esoteric Origins of Alchemy Shamanic Origins of Alchemy Alchemy and Time Illustrations Bibliography Part II: Spiritual Elements in Alchemy Stirring the Chaos Psychological Elements Philosophical Elements Philosophical Principles and Elements Mystic Elements Inner Circulation Cosmic Egg Metaphysics Illustrations Bibliography Author’s Preface, 2008 “Better Living Through Alchemy” began as an outline and notes for a lecture I conducted at the Meeting of the Minds conference hosted by Chapman University in Southern California in 1994. The presentation was given in a lecture hall in the science building on a Friday afternoon. I had enriched the project with a slide show presentation of classic Alchemy artwork dating back to the 1500s. As students left one class heading to another they came past the open door to my lecture and upon peeking in were fascinated by the highly evocative symbolism in the artwork. This of course was the goal of those ancient masters of Alchemy known as Adepts and Sages. The room filled with students; many thought this was a new course added to the curriculum. After the presentation several came up to me and wanted to sign up for the course. Since that time my outline and notes grew into a book length project. Then it evolved and the chapters began fusing into independent volumes. Segments from Origins of Alchemy have been published in journals on the World Wide Web, including Alchemy Journal and Hermetic Foundation Journal since 2001. Here for the first time I’ve made the complete Volume I available in electronic format. Lynn Osburn March 23, 2008 Author’s Preface, 2011 Volume I of Better Living Through Alchemy, Origins of Alchemy e-published in 2008 was in PDF format. Since that time It has doubled in size and divided into two parts: Part I, Origins of Alchemy and Part II, Spiritual Elements in Alchemy. This new edition completes the initial phase of this opus. I am at work on the last phase of Better Living Through Alchemy, Volume II Alchemy Praxis, the Magnum Opus. Lynn Osburn September 4, 2011 Introduction When I was growing up in America back in the 1950s and 1960s DuPont the chemical corporate giant used the trademarked slogan “Better Things for Better Living…Through Chemistry” to advertise their economic paradigm. “Better Living Through Chemistry,” (the variant used by a host of corporations to avoid DuPont’s trademark) brought us poisoned groundwater, poisoned air, our bodies poisoned with traces of synthetic molecules and heavy metals, our bodies poisoned with artificially altered food products. The list of woes and complaints generated from “better living through chemistry” continues to grow. Yet there is nothing inherently pathological in the science of chemistry. Miracle drugs chemically engineered have vanquished diseases and alleviated painful symptoms. The drug companies promise even more in their advertisements. TV commercials claim one pill will give you energy; another will make you feel young. One breath mint company’s commercials insinuate their sugar pill will enhance the user’s problem solving skills while enabling the user to step out of conformity to solve the problem—that’s a lot of magic from a breath mint. What the drug companies promise is quite alluring and generates billions of dollars in annual retail sales. If advertisements for chemical concoctions claimed that ingredients were compounded with magic spells to make them work miracles the government attorneys would accuse them of fraud. However it is legitimate to proclaim that through the genius of science and the technology of chemistry ingredients have been compounded that can work miracles. This scientific proclamation to have produced a miracle-working pill finds acceptance because science has replaced magic as the reality interface between people and Nature. Magic has a certain spiritual vitality while science usually operates mechanistically seemingly lacking in spiritual vitality. Science hasn’t lost its soul; for a very long time now its body has been enslaved by national and corporate economic interests. Before that time the spirit that imbued the scientific methods with creative genius was the dynamic soul, Alchemy. For thousands of years alchemy technicians compounded pills called Stones that cured disease, alleviated pain, unleashed energy and rejuvenated the body. The people experiencing these Philosopher’s Stones believed they were magic; the alchemists always said the Stone was art and science coupled to the inspiration of the divine. Alchemy is a philosophical discipline utilizing proto-scientific principles that are applied through scientific methods. Alchemy blossomed about 2000 years ago out of the culture chaos where East met West at the beginning of the current epoch: an epoch nearing its end, an epoch where civilization thus far has gone global on a tidal wave of technical knowledge. The alchemist sages and adepts not only established the essential methods used in modern medicine and the sciences of chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, psychopharmacology and psychology; they also created the paradigm at the heart of the global counterculture and psychedelic movement—the desire to know thyself and live in balance and harmony with Nature. Alchemy is the spiritual discipline of the Initiate culture. The Initiates throughout history have run afoul of the authoritarian hierarchy of rulers established by economies of governments and dogmas of religions. The marriage of the decaying Roman empire to a fanatic religion of the masses, Paulist Christianity, created the Holy Roman empire and through several ecumenical councils brought fourth the Dark Ages and outlawed the pursuit of knowledge by declaring the Tree of Knowledge bore the fruit forbidden by god. The resulting creative stagnation and spiritual repression banned all avenues of communion with the mysterious and seriously inhibited Western cultural growth. The alchemists took that psycho-social babble of religio-statesmanship and spun a golden thread through it that tapped the creative energies despite prohibitions by the church-state. Alchemists devoted their lives to the pursuit of self development under the guise of making gold. Early on they cooked the ancient instinctual patterns and primordial drives of our ancestors distilling and congealing from them the archetypal psychic structures that drive us today. The goal of the alchemical “magnum opus” (great work) was no less than individual self-perfection through physical transmutation and spiritual transcendence. To that end the alchemists experimented with countless substances unlocking the mysteries of chemical composition and probing the nature of energy/matter. They worked in laboratories making profound medicines called tinctures, elixirs, cylssi, and stones from a multitude of plants and minerals. The production of alchemical medicines they called the Spagyric Art1. From the spagyric art came the sciences of pharmacology and psychopharmacology. Spagyric preparations were for healing the body, clearing the mind, and some were capable of extending life many years beyond the average lifespan. The “great work” of alchemy on “metals and minerals” was undertaken in the laboratory. The starting material was reduced to its “prima materia” (first matter) and broken down by and into the “four elements,” then ultimately reassembled into a red and a white powder. Both were extremely potent and deadly. The alchemists rarely ever revealed the detailed processes for making the red and white “Philosopher’s Stones.” They believed it was essential for each “operator” to do the work individually, so they obscured their recipes, simply describing the procedures as generally taking two paths, the Humid and the Dry. The “humid path” operations took longer to complete but were not as difficult as the “dry path” operations which required more subjective finesse and artful technical discernment. Alchemy lore asserts an operator tested the efficacy of the powders by “projecting” a minuscule portion onto any metal; lead, tin, copper or brass, were favorites. The powders acted like catalysts transmuting the metal into silver or gold depending on which powder was used. If the transmutation was successful the adept consumed an extremely dilute modified admixture of the two powders. A profound transmutation began, causing a metamorphosis of being. The operator became immortal and capable of transcending space/time—a universal navigator. Legends abound in the old literature about transmuted alchemist sages appearing in times of great need and miraculously helping humanity, then vanishing. Tradition has it that one of the last things an adept did before transcending space/time was to leave a written record—a memoir and guiding light for those still in the labyrinth. Part I: Origins of Alchemy Ancient Alchemy East and West The Western philosophical discipline called alchemy crystallized around the second century CE.2 The earliest alchemical operators were centered in Alexandria, Egypt. “If there was an enormous public library at Alexandria, there were also many private libraries of the inner schools dealing with the sacred science of unseen things. It was precisely from these private circles that all the mystic writings proceeded, and we can see from the nature of the Gnostic and other works of this kind which have reached us, that their authors and compilers had access to large libraries of mystic lore. … And not only was there a library, but also a kind of university, called the Museum, dedicated to the arts and sciences and embracing among other things an observatory, an amphitheatre of anatomy, a vast botanical garden, an immense menagerie, and many other collections of things useful for physical research. “It was an institution conceived on a most liberal plan, an assembly of savants lodged in a palace, richly endowed with the liberality of princes, exempt from public charges. Without distinction of race or creed, with no imposed regulations, no set plan of study or lecture lists, the members of this distinguished assembly were left free to prosecute their researches and studies untrammeled and unhampered. “… So far there had been no philosophy in the proper sense of the word; that did not enter into the curriculum of the Museum. Hitherto Alexandria had had no philosophy of her own, but now she is destined to be the crucible in which philosophic thought of every kind will be fused together, and not only philosophy, but more important still, religio-philosophy and theosophy of every kind will be poured into the melting pot, and many strange systems and some things admirably good and true will be moulded out of the matter cast into this seething crucible. … “Slowly but surely the wisdom of Egyptians, of the Babylonians and Chaldeans, and its reflection in some of the Jewish doctors, of Persia, too, and perhaps even to India, begins to react on the center of Grecian thought, and religion and all the great problems of the human soul begin to oust mere scholasticism…from the schools; Alexandria is no longer to be a mere literary city, but a city of philosophy in the old sense of the term; it is to be wisdom-loving…”3 The early Alexandrian alchemists adapted ancient Egyptian, Babylonian and Hindu metallurgical procedures to pursue their investigation of the Spirit and Soul in the matter. These procedures possessed magical and religious importance for the Egyptian and Babylonian priesthoods, especially the methods used to refine gold and other metals from rock ore and to make synthetic stones of religious significance. The Alexandrian alchemists proceeded with a proto-scientific philosophical spiritual approach with emphasis on experimentation. They were also adept at preparing herbal medicines and compounding powerful psychotrophic extracts. Many taught alchemy openly at the Museum near the Serapis temple and library, the Serapeum. However, the quintessential esoteric paradigm underlying alchemy, the pursuit of individual self evolution, seems to be the offspring of the marriage between Hindu tantric alchemy and the teachings of the enigmatic Taoist sages. Lao Tsu is the most well known among the Taoist sages; he lived in China about 2400 years ago. Along with this marriage from the East was the fusion of philosophies and praxis that has come down to us as the Gnosis or Gnosticism. In fact writings attributed to Hermes Trismegistus were found that dated from the 4th Century in the collection of Gnostic manuscripts that became known as the Nag Hammadi Library. “We come to a class of writings that one would hardly have expected to find in a Gnostic library. This consists of the texts which, in some cases, reveal to us a teaching intermediate between Gnosticism and Hermetism, whilst others belong properly to Hermetic literature. …As for the properly Hermetic writings of this category, they are—significantly—grouped together, five of them in Codex VI—which was one of the most in use, as we can see from the portions of feathers slipped in between the leaves to mark certain places in the book. “What remains so remarkable is the presence of these Hermetic writings in a library of which all the rest is essentially Gnostic. Moreover, the gloss of the Gnostic compiler—‘This is the first discourse that I have copied for you. But there are many others that have come into my hands: I have not transcribed them, thinking that they have already reached you….’—greatly heightens the interest of its presence in this collection. What it shows is that there was in circulation in Upper Egypt, in the second half of the fourth century (the period of our codex), a far more important collection of Hermetic treatises, already translated from Greek into Sahidic Coptic, and destined, no doubt, for use by sectaries more or less related to those of Chenoboskion. “The intentional juxtaposition of Hermetic writings and Gnostic treatises shows that some interchange was then going on between the two schools of doctrine. Here, living once again before our eyes, is that syncretic movement which associated the Gnostic prophets not only to the Hermes of Cyllene, but also to the more learned Hermes of the Greek mystical treatises. This is precisely the blend of ideas whose occurrence at the epoch had been suggested, but not satisfactorily proved, by the little treatise of Zosimos the alchemist Upon the Letter Omega; in which myths derived from the writings of Zoroaster, some of those of Nicotheus ‘the hidden’ and of the Jewish Gnosis, are treated upon the same footing as writings On the Natures and On Immateriality, which are imputed to the authority of the Trismegistus.”4 Hindu Origins of Alchemy According to many historians alchemy was introduced into India by the Arabs. However “mercury” was mentioned in the fourth century “Bower Manuscript,” and the transmutation of metals and ores into gold was described in several Buddhist texts between the second and fifth centuries. The Mahaprajnaparamitashastra of Nagarjuna, was translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva over three centuries before the zenith of Arab alchemy which occurred during the life of Jabir ibin Hayyan, aka Geber around 760 CE. The discourse of Nagarjuna lists among the siddhi (miraculous powers) the transmutation of stone into gold and gold into stone. Another Hindu alchemical text, Avatamska Sutra (second-fourth century) reported: “There exists a Hataka juice or essence. One liang of this solution can transform one thousand liangs of bronze into pure gold.” Further details are given in Mahaprajnaparamitopadesha by Nagarjuna, translated into Chinese 402-405 CE: “By means of drugs and incantations one can change bronze into gold. By skillful use of drugs, silver may be transformed into gold and gold into silver. By spiritual strength man can change clay or stone into gold.”5 “The Hatha-yogis and the Tantrists attempt to transmute their bodies into incorruptible ones. The new body they call divine body of gnosis. The Hindu alchemist pursues the same goal: the transmutation of the body indefinitely prolonging its youth, strength and suppleness. The tantric Hatha-yogi works on the physical body and the mind while the alchemist works on substances. Both aim at “‘purifying’ these impure materials, at ‘perfecting’ them and finally, transmuting them into ‘gold.’ ...‘Gold is immortality:’ it is the perfect metal, and its symbolism rejoins the symbolism of the pure spirit, free and immortal, which the yogi endeavors, by asceticism to ‘extract’ from the ‘unclean’ and ‘enslaved’ psycho-mental life. ...The alchemist hopes to achieve the same results as the yogi by ‘projecting’ his asceticism on to matter. Instead of submitting his body and his psycho-mental life to the rigours of yoga, in order to separate the Spirit (purusha) from all experience belonging to the sphere of the substance (prakrti), the alchemist subjects metals to the chemical operations which correspond to the ‘purifications’ and ascetic ‘tortures.’ For there is a complete solidarity between physical matter and the psycho-somatic body of the man: both are products of the primordial substance (prakrti). Between the ‘basest’ metal and the most refined psycho-mental experience there is no break of continuity.