listen Up, a&P Students! You paid good money for this book and your a&P class, so make the most of it! Use the accompanying study tools that will help you pass! a Download a free Qr code reader from the apple app Store or n Google Play to access valuable videos in this book. these vid- a eos were made by the authors of the book, and contain accurate, t o credible content that will help you understand the material. m v More animations, videos, practice quizzes, and lab study tools are y found in (www.masteringaandp.com). Don’t go i & online and search; you already have everything you need! s u p Scan the Qr code below to learn more. h a y sl i o l o g y 3rd edition Please visit us at www.pearsonhighered.com for more information. To order any of our products, contact our customer service department at (800) 824-7799, or Martini | Ober | nath | barthOlOMew | Petti (201) 767-5021 outside of the U.S., or visit your campus bookstore. www.pearsonhighered.com Martini ISBN-13: 978-0-13-439469-5 Ober ISBN-10: 0-13-439469-0 3rd 9 0 0 0 0 nath barthOlOMew edition 9 780134 394695 Petti MART4695_03_cvrmech.indd 1 10/26/16 11:57 AM Quick Reference Table of Contents Clinical Modules Chapter Integration BODY SYSTEM CHAPTER 3.21 Tumors and cancer are characterized by abnormal 1 The amazing experience of studying the human body firsthand 49 cell growth and division 134–135 Aaron has been extremely tired, thirsty, and urinating more FOUNDATIONS 1 An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 2 4.18 The response to tissue injury involves inflammation than normal 49 and regeneration 174–175 SmartArt Module 1.18 Homeostatic regulation 35 5.5 Burns are significant injuries that damage skin integrity 190–191 2 The chemistry of an after-dinner drink 93 2 Chemical Level of Organization 50 5.10 Age-related changes affect the integument 199 5.12 The integument can often repair itself, even after 3 Analyzing a stomach tumor 141 3 Cellular Level of Organization 94 extensive damage 202–203 Exercising muscle 141 SmartArt Module 3.11 Transcription 115 6.9 Abnormalities of bone growth and development SmartArt Module 3.12 Translation 117 produce recognizable physical signs 226–227 4 Some confusion in the histology lab 181 4 Tissue Level of Organization 142 6.12 A fracture is a crack or a break in a bone 232–233 8.8 Intervertebral disc disease and osteoporosis are 5 Thinking about the science of tattoos 209 common age-related health problems 301 THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 5 The Integumentary System 182 8.11 Arthritis can disrupt normal joint structure and function 306–307 6 Assess the damage to a construction worker’s spine from 9.15 Many factors can result in muscle hypertrophy, a one-story fall 239 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 6 Bones and Bone Structure 210 atrophy, or paralysis 342–343 SmartArt Module 6.7 Endochondral ossification 223 12.15 The brain can inhibit or facilitate spinal reflexes, and 7 A illegal check from behind leaves a college hockey player SmartArt Module 6.11 Calcium ion metabolism 231 reflexes can be used to determine the location and with multiple injuries 287 severity of damage to the CNS 462–463 Examining a baby’s cleft palate 287 7 The Skeleton 240 13.14 Brain activity can be monitored using external electrodes; 8 Joints 288 the record is called an electroencephalogram, or EEG 493 8 An avid 65-year-old golfer considers total knee replacement 13.22 Nervous system disorders may result from problems surgery to address chronic pain 313 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 9 Skeletal Muscle Tissue 314 with neurons, pathways, or a combination of the two 508–509 Assess a high-school quarterback’s shoulder injury 313 15.14 Refractive problems result from abnormalities in the SmartArt Module 9.10 Motor units and recruitment 333 cornea or lens or in the shape of the eye 569 9 Two childhood friends have become very different types SmartArt Module 9.12 Anaerobic vs. aerobic production of ATP 337 15.22 Aging is associated with many disorders of the special of athletes 349 10 The Muscular System 350 senses; trauma, infection, and abnormal stimuli may cause problems at any age 584–585 10 Bodybuilding and lookin’ good 401 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 11 Nervous Tissue 402 16.13 Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized Sports, muscles, and joints 401 by an excessively high blood glucose level 615 12 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes 436 16.18 Overproduction or underproduction of hormones can 11 Multiple sclerosis is a progressive, debilitating, and SmartArt Module 12.12 The reflex arc 457 cause endocrine disorders 622–623 demyelinating disease 435 17.8 Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an RBC-related 13 The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways 470 disorder caused by a cross-reaction between fetal 12 A helmet-to-helmet collision causes a “stinger” 469 14 The Autonomic Nervous System 516 and maternal blood types 644–645 A really bad day 469 17.11 Blood disorders can be classified by their origins and 15 The Special Senses 544 the changes in blood characteristics 650–651 13 A frightening awakening 515 18.8 Arteriosclerosis can lead to coronary artery disease 672–673 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 16 The Endocrine System 594 18.13 Normal and abnormal cardiac activity can be detected 14 A patch for the ocean 543 SmartArt Module 16.11 The pancreas and regulation of blood glucose 613 in an electrocardiogram 682–683 Bee careful in the garden! 543 19.13 Short-term and long-term mechanisms compensate THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 17 Blood 630 for a reduction in blood volume 718–719 15 Curious complications from the common cold 593 19.24 The pattern of blood flow through the fetal heart and Flight deck hearing loss 593 18 The Heart and Cardiovascular Function 658 the systemic circuit must change at birth 740–741 SmartArt Module 18.10 The cardiac cycle 677 20.20 Hypersensitivities are abnormal reactions to antigens 785 16 What’s wrong with me? 629 SmartArt Module 18.11 The conducting system of the heart 679 20.22 Immune disorders involving either overactivity or underactivity can be harmful 788–789 17 The dangerous search for better cycling 657 19 Blood Vessels and Circulation 696 21.15 Pulmonary disease can affect both lung elasticity An unwelcome change in blood cells 657 and airflow 824–825 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 750 21.18 Respiratory function decreases with age; smoking 18 An abnormal click in a 12-year-old’s heart 695 SmartArt Module 20.15 The immune response 777 makes matter worse 830–831 22.24 Disorders of the digestive system are diverse and 19 Mapping cerebral circulation with angiography 749 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 21 The Respiratory System 796 relatively common 882–883 SmartArt Module 21.12 Partial pressures and gas diffusion 819 23.16 Metabolic disorders may result from nutritional 20 Catching childhood diseases in adulthood 795 or biochemical problems 918–919 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 22 The Digestive System 838 24.14 Renal failure is a life-threatening condition 958–959 21 Spring break snorkeling danger 837 24.18 Urinary disorders can often be detected by physical SmartArt Module 22.21 Structure and function of the liver lobule 879 examinations and laboratory tests 965 22 Three forms of weight control surgery 891 23 Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics 892 25.5 Disturbances of potassium balance are uncommon but extremely dangerous 980–981 23 Finding balance in foods 931 THE URINARY SYSTEM 24 The Urinary System 932 25.10 Respiratory acid-base disorders are the most common challenges to acid-base balance 990–991 24 Melamine contamination and food product safety 971 SmartArt Module 24.4 Structure of the nephron 939 26.16 Birth control strategies vary in effectiveness and 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 972 associated risks 1026–1027 25 Intestinal trouble in paradise 997 26.17 Reproductive system disorders are relatively THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 26 The Reproductive System 998 common and often deadly 1028–1029 26 Exercise and the absence of menstruation 1035 27.17 Many clinical disorders are linked to individual 27 Development and Inheritance 1036 chromosomes or their genes 1066–1067 27 The blocks that build a family 1073 MART4695_03_FES.indd 2 08/11/16 3:58 AM Quick Reference Table of Contents Clinical Modules Chapter Integration BODY SYSTEM CHAPTER 3.21 Tumors and cancer are characterized by abnormal 1 The amazing experience of studying the human body firsthand 49 cell growth and division 134–135 Aaron has been extremely tired, thirsty, and urinating more FOUNDATIONS 1 An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 2 4.18 The response to tissue injury involves inflammation than normal 49 and regeneration 174–175 SmartArt Module 1.18 Homeostatic regulation 35 5.5 Burns are significant injuries that damage skin integrity 190–191 2 The chemistry of an after-dinner drink 93 2 Chemical Level of Organization 50 5.10 Age-related changes affect the integument 199 5.12 The integument can often repair itself, even after 3 Analyzing a stomach tumor 141 3 Cellular Level of Organization 94 extensive damage 202–203 Exercising muscle 141 SmartArt Module 3.11 Transcription 115 6.9 Abnormalities of bone growth and development SmartArt Module 3.12 Translation 117 produce recognizable physical signs 226–227 4 Some confusion in the histology lab 181 4 Tissue Level of Organization 142 6.12 A fracture is a crack or a break in a bone 232–233 8.8 Intervertebral disc disease and osteoporosis are 5 Thinking about the science of tattoos 209 common age-related health problems 301 THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 5 The Integumentary System 182 8.11 Arthritis can disrupt normal joint structure and function 306–307 6 Assess the damage to a construction worker’s spine from 9.15 Many factors can result in muscle hypertrophy, a one-story fall 239 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 6 Bones and Bone Structure 210 atrophy, or paralysis 342–343 SmartArt Module 6.7 Endochondral ossification 223 12.15 The brain can inhibit or facilitate spinal reflexes, and 7 A illegal check from behind leaves a college hockey player SmartArt Module 6.11 Calcium ion metabolism 231 reflexes can be used to determine the location and with multiple injuries 287 severity of damage to the CNS 462–463 Examining a baby’s cleft palate 287 7 The Skeleton 240 13.14 Brain activity can be monitored using external electrodes; 8 Joints 288 the record is called an electroencephalogram, or EEG 493 8 An avid 65-year-old golfer considers total knee replacement 13.22 Nervous system disorders may result from problems surgery to address chronic pain 313 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 9 Skeletal Muscle Tissue 314 with neurons, pathways, or a combination of the two 508–509 Assess a high-school quarterback’s shoulder injury 313 15.14 Refractive problems result from abnormalities in the SmartArt Module 9.10 Motor units and recruitment 333 cornea or lens or in the shape of the eye 569 9 Two childhood friends have become very different types SmartArt Module 9.12 Anaerobic vs. aerobic production of ATP 337 15.22 Aging is associated with many disorders of the special of athletes 349 10 The Muscular System 350 senses; trauma, infection, and abnormal stimuli may cause problems at any age 584–585 10 Bodybuilding and lookin’ good 401 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 11 Nervous Tissue 402 16.13 Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized Sports, muscles, and joints 401 by an excessively high blood glucose level 615 12 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes 436 16.18 Overproduction or underproduction of hormones can 11 Multiple sclerosis is a progressive, debilitating, and SmartArt Module 12.12 The reflex arc 457 cause endocrine disorders 622–623 demyelinating disease 435 17.8 Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an RBC-related 13 The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways 470 disorder caused by a cross-reaction between fetal 12 A helmet-to-helmet collision causes a “stinger” 469 14 The Autonomic Nervous System 516 and maternal blood types 644–645 A really bad day 469 17.11 Blood disorders can be classified by their origins and 15 The Special Senses 544 the changes in blood characteristics 650–651 13 A frightening awakening 515 18.8 Arteriosclerosis can lead to coronary artery disease 672–673 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 16 The Endocrine System 594 18.13 Normal and abnormal cardiac activity can be detected 14 A patch for the ocean 543 SmartArt Module 16.11 The pancreas and regulation of blood glucose 613 in an electrocardiogram 682–683 Bee careful in the garden! 543 19.13 Short-term and long-term mechanisms compensate THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 17 Blood 630 for a reduction in blood volume 718–719 15 Curious complications from the common cold 593 19.24 The pattern of blood flow through the fetal heart and Flight deck hearing loss 593 18 The Heart and Cardiovascular Function 658 the systemic circuit must change at birth 740–741 SmartArt Module 18.10 The cardiac cycle 677 20.20 Hypersensitivities are abnormal reactions to antigens 785 16 What’s wrong with me? 629 SmartArt Module 18.11 The conducting system of the heart 679 20.22 Immune disorders involving either overactivity or underactivity can be harmful 788–789 17 The dangerous search for better cycling 657 19 Blood Vessels and Circulation 696 21.15 Pulmonary disease can affect both lung elasticity An unwelcome change in blood cells 657 and airflow 824–825 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 750 21.18 Respiratory function decreases with age; smoking 18 An abnormal click in a 12-year-old’s heart 695 SmartArt Module 20.15 The immune response 777 makes matter worse 830–831 22.24 Disorders of the digestive system are diverse and 19 Mapping cerebral circulation with angiography 749 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 21 The Respiratory System 796 relatively common 882–883 SmartArt Module 21.12 Partial pressures and gas diffusion 819 23.16 Metabolic disorders may result from nutritional 20 Catching childhood diseases in adulthood 795 or biochemical problems 918–919 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 22 The Digestive System 838 24.14 Renal failure is a life-threatening condition 958–959 21 Spring break snorkeling danger 837 24.18 Urinary disorders can often be detected by physical SmartArt Module 22.21 Structure and function of the liver lobule 879 examinations and laboratory tests 965 22 Three forms of weight control surgery 891 23 Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics 892 25.5 Disturbances of potassium balance are uncommon but extremely dangerous 980–981 23 Finding balance in foods 931 THE URINARY SYSTEM 24 The Urinary System 932 25.10 Respiratory acid-base disorders are the most common challenges to acid-base balance 990–991 24 Melamine contamination and food product safety 971 SmartArt Module 24.4 Structure of the nephron 939 26.16 Birth control strategies vary in effectiveness and 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 972 associated risks 1026–1027 25 Intestinal trouble in paradise 997 26.17 Reproductive system disorders are relatively THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 26 The Reproductive System 998 common and often deadly 1028–1029 26 Exercise and the absence of menstruation 1035 27.17 Many clinical disorders are linked to individual 27 Development and Inheritance 1036 chromosomes or their genes 1066–1067 27 The blocks that build a family 1073 MART4695_03_FES.indd 2 08/11/16 3:58 AM Get Ready for a Whole New Mastering Experience NEW! Ready-to-Go Teaching Modules help instructors find the best assets to use before, during, and after class to teach the toughest topics in A&P. Created by teachers for teachers, these curated sets of teaching tools save you time by highlighting the most effective and engaging animations, videos, quizzing, coaching and active learning activities from MasteringA&P. A01_MART4695_03_SE_VWT.indd 1 03/11/16 10:16 AM Help Students Use Art More Effectively NEW! Modules 1.1–1.5 emphasize the importance of studying the art in the book and then guide students through how to study the figures in the text most effectively. A01_MART4695_03_SE_VWT.indd 2 03/11/16 10:16 AM NEW! SmartArt Videos help students better navigate key, complex pieces of art. Author Kevin Petti narrates fifteen new videos, walking students through the piece and providing additional background and detail. The videos can be accessed via QR codes in the book and offer accompanying assignments through MasteringA&P. A01_MART4695_03_SE_VWT.indd 3 17/11/16 11:24 AM Focus on Critical Reflection, Media Integration, NEW! MasteringA&P references within the chapter direct students to specific digital resources, such as tutorials, animations, and videos, that will help further their understanding of key concepts in the course. NEW! Integrated Figure Questions encourage students to answer thought- provoking questions as part of viewing the figure. A01_MART4695_03_SE_VWT.indd 4 03/11/16 10:16 AM and Practical Application Clinical Modules throughout the book help students connect what they learn in class to the real-world. They may encounter similar examples in their future career. New! Everyday Physiology features appear throughout the text to help students see connections to real-life applications. Chapter Integration sections ask students to aggregate what they have learned so far in the context of real world situations. These scenarios are presented in a friendly, story format followed by critical thinking questions. A01_MART4695_03_SE_VWT.indd 5 17/11/16 11:24 AM Continuous Learning Before, During, and After Class Dynamic Study Modules enable students to study more effectively on their own. With the Dynamic Study Modules mobile app, students can quickly access and learn the concepts they need to be more successful on quizzes and exams. NEW! Instructors can now select which questions to assign to students. NEW! SmartArt Videos help students navigate some of the complex figures in the text. They are accessible via QR code in the book and are assignable in MasteringA&P. A01_MART4695_03_SE_VWT.indd 6 03/11/16 10:16 AM with MasteringA&P™ “My students are so busy and engaged Learning Catalytics is a “bring answering Learning Catalytics your own device” (laptop, smartphone, or tablet) engagement, assessment, and questions during lecture that they classroom intelligence system. Students don’t have time for Facebook.” use their device to respond to open-ended questions and then discuss answers in Declan De Paor, Old Dominion University groups based on their responses. A01_MART4695_03_SE_VWT.indd 7 17/11/16 11:25 AM