PALGRAVE STUDIES IN LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND MEDICINE Visions and Voice-Hearing in Medieval and Early Modern Contexts Edited by Hilary Powell · Corinne Saunders Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine Series Editors Sharon Ruston Department of English and Creative Writing Lancaster University Lancaster, UK Alice Jenkins School of Critical Studies University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK Catherine Belling Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine is an exciting new series that focuses on one of the most vibrant and interdisciplinary areas in literary studies: the intersection of literature, science and medicine. Comprisedofacademicmonographs,essaycollections,andPalgravePivot books, the series will emphasize a historical approach to its subjects, in conjunction with a range of other theoretical approaches. The series will cover all aspects of this rich and varied field and is open to new and emerging topics as well as established ones. Editorial Board AndrewM.Beresford,ProfessorintheSchoolofModernLanguagesand Cultures, Durham University, UK Steven Connor, Professor of English, University of Cambridge, UK LisaDiedrich,AssociateProfessorinWomen’sandGenderStudies,Stony Brook University, USA Kate Hayles, Professor of English, Duke University, USA Jessica Howell, Associate Professor of English, Texas A&M University, USA Peter Middleton, Professor of English, University of Southampton, UK KirstenShepherd-Barr,ProfessorofEnglishandTheatreStudies,Univer- sity of Oxford, UK Sally Shuttleworth, Professorial Fellow in English, St Anne’s College, University of Oxford, UK Susan Squier, Professor of Women’s Studies and English, Pennsylvania State University, USA Martin Willis, Professor of English, University of Westminster, UK KarenA.Winstead,ProfessorofEnglish,TheOhioStateUniversity,USA More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14613 · Hilary Powell Corinne Saunders Editors Visions and Voice-Hearing in Medieval and Early Modern Contexts Editors Hilary Powell Corinne Saunders University of Durham University of Durham Durham, UK Durham, UK ISSN 2634-6435 ISSN 2634-6443 (electronic) Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine ISBN 978-3-030-52658-0 ISBN 978-3-030-52659-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52659-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Chapters 2 and 5 are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Forfurtherdetails see license information in the chapter. 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With the permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College Cambridge This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Praise for VisionsandVoice-Hearing inMedievalandEarlyModern Contexts “This invaluable collection brings readings of medieval and early modern textual sources to enrich, even transform, cultural and medical under- standingofbeinghuman.Itopensupthelonghistoryofvoice-hearingas arangeofmultisensoryexperiences,juxtaposingtraumaandhallucination with imagination, psychic energy, and religious vision, and challenging boundariesbetweenspiritualandmedical,naturalandsupernatural,inner and outer, waking and dreaming.” —David Lawton, Professor of English, Washington University in St. Louis, USA “This ambitious essay-collection challenges current biomedical perspec- tives whilst benefiting from them. Encompassing pre-modern religious revelations, dream-vision poems, and plays, it engages with contempo- rary research into auditory verbal hallucinations. Now a phenomenon often seen narrowly as a psychopathological disorder, then voice-hearing could be revered as divine annunciation or powerfully dramatized within fictions of inner experience. Visions and Voice-Hearing offers an impres- sive interdisciplinary and trans-historical model for understanding the many meanings of ‘hearing things’.” —Alastair Minnis, Professor Emeritus, Yale University, USA; University of York, UK v Acknowledgements Wehaveincurredmanydebtsinthewritingandpreparationofthiscollec- tion of essays, which has been long in the making. Our first is to our authors, who have so generously contributed their ideas and insights and so patiently borne with their editors and their many requests. The book finds its inspiration in the Hearing the Voice project (http://hearingthe voice.org/), an interdisciplinary study based at Durham University and generously funded by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (WT098455) and a Wellcome Trust Collaborative Award (WT108720). We are very grateful to the Trust for their support of our research over the last eight years. We have been privileged to contribute our work to the project by offering a long cultural perspective on voice-hearing and visions, and by puttingpastandpresentintoconversation.Wehavebenefittedimmensely from the insights of our colleagues, from the diversity and richness of their disciplinary expertise and from the new methodologies and ways of thinking the project has offered. The book originated in a workshop, ‘Visions, Voices and Hallucinatory Experiences in Historical and Literary Contexts’, held at Durham University in April 2014, and we are grateful to Hearing the Voice for funding this event, to Mary Robson for facili- tatingitandtoStChad’sCollegeforhostingit.Weoweanimmensedebt to Michael Baker, for his role as editorial assistant, and his outstanding work in preparing every element of the typescript, including the index. He has been the most painstaking of copy editors. We are grateful too to our editors at Palgrave Macmillan—first to Ben Doyle, for his interest vii viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and enthusiasm for the Medical Humanities and his support over many years, and more recently to Allie Troyanos and Rachel Jacobe. We would also like to thank Brian Halm and Meera Mithran for their care with regard to the production process. The Hearing the Voice project and the Department of English Studies have very generously contributed to the costs of preparing the typescript and the illustrations. We are extremely grateful to the Master and Fellows of Trinity College Cambridge for allowing us to use the cover image without cost. Finally, we would like to thank, as well as our colleagues on the Hearing the Voice project, the Institute for Medical Humanities and the Department of English Studies for their support of the project over several years, and our friends and families for their unfailing interest in and encouragement of Visions and Voice-Hearing—in particular, our husbands, David Fuller and David Grummitt. Contents 1 Medieval and Early Modern Visions and Voices: Contexts and Approaches 1 Hilary Powell and Corinne Saunders 2 Behold! The Voices of Angels: Narrative, Audience and Affect in Eadmer of Canterbury’s Breviloquium Vita Sancti Wilfridi 15 Hilary Powell 3 Gabriel’s Annunciation and the Problems of Angelic Voice 45 Jacqueline Tasioulas 4 Hearing, Seeing, Smelling, Tasting and Touching theVoice:GenderandMultimodalVisionsintheLives of Thomas of Cantimpré 61 Christine Cooper-Rompato 5 Thinking Fantasies: Visions and Voices in Medieval English Secular Writing 91 Corinne Saunders ix x CONTENTS 6 Staging Conversion: Preternatural Voices and Visions in the Medieval Drama 117 Mark Chambers 7 Julian of Norwich, the Carrow Psalter and Embodied Cinema 147 Sarah Salih 8 Writing and Reading the Word: Patterns of Divine Speech in Julian of Norwich’s A Revelation of Love 175 Darragh Greene 9 Sounds Like God: The Elephant in The Book of Margery Kempe 199 Barry Windeatt 10 DaggersoftheMind:Hallucinations,MentalFixation and Trauma in Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy and Early Modern Psychology 221 Lesel Dawson 11 ‘Fearful Echoes Thunder in Mine Ears’: Hearing Voices in Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus 255 Laurie Maguire and Aleksandra Thostrup 12 ‘Under the Operation of a Higher and Exalted Mind’: Medicine, Mysticism and Social Reform in Restoration England 281 Peter Elmer Index 305