Virtual Palaces, Part II Lost Palaces and their Afterlife Virtual Reconstruction between Science and Media Edited by Stephan Hoppe & Stefan Breitling Virtual Palaces, Part II Lost Palaces and their Afterlife PALATIUM e-Publication 3 Virtual Palaces, Part II Lost Palaces and their Afterlife Virtual Reconstruction between Science and Media Edited by Stephan Hoppe & Stefan Breitling With the assistance of Heike Messemer PALATIUM München 2016 PALATIUM e-Publications Volume 3 Series Editors: Krista De Jonge and Pieter Martens Published in the same series: Vol. 1 The Habsburgs and their Courts in Europe, 1400–1700 Edited by Herbert Karner, Ingrid Ciulisová and Bernardo J. García García (2014) Vol. 2 Virtual Palaces, Part I. Digitizing and Modelling Palaces Edited by Pieter Martens, with the assistance of Heike Messemer (2016) The work reported on in this publication has been financially supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF) in the framework of the Research Networking Programme PALATIUM. Court Residences as Places of Exchange in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe (1400-1700), 2010-2015. The European Science Foundation was established in 1974 to pro- PALATIUM is supported by 14 organisations from 11 countries: Austrian vide a common platform for its Member Organisations to advance Science Fund (FWF) • Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) • Research European research collaboration and explore new directions for Foundation Flanders, Belgium (FWO) • Czech Science Foundation research. It is an independent organisation, owned by 67 Member (GACR) • Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR) • Danish Organisations, which are research funding organisations, research Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (FI) | The Danish Council performing organisations and academies from 29 countries. ESF for Independent Research | Humanities (FKK) • National Centre for Sci- promotes collaboration in research itself, in funding of research and entific Research, France (CNRS) • German Research Foundation (DFG) in science policy activities at the European level. Currently ESF is re- • Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) • Foundation ducing its research programmes while developing new activities to for Science and Technology, Portugal (FCT) • Slovak Academy of Scienc- serve the science community, including peer review and evaluation es (SAV) • Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV) • Carlos de services. Amberes Foundation, Spain (FCA) • Swedish Research Council (VR). http://www.courtresidences.eu/ The PALATIUM workshop Virtual Palaces, Part II. Lost Palaces and their Afterlife. Virtual Recon- struction between Science and Media, held in Munich on 13-14 April 2012, received additional support from the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and the Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg. © Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, KU Leuven and authors, 2016 ISBN 978-94-6018-538-0 open access digital version Copyright: This is an open access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author and source are properly credited and that any adaptations or derivative works are distributed under the same license. Copyright is retained by the authors. Cover image: Bamberg, Alte Hofhaltung at around 1300. Overlay of the medieval palace with the photorealistic model of the surrounding area, as it is today. Breitling/Buba/Fuhrmann/Uni Bamberg 2012, building research by Burandt 1998, nowadays city model by Carlo Schramm, Stadtplanungsamt Bamberg 2012. Cover design: Heike Messemer. Contents Acknowledgements Stephan Hoppe, Stefan Breitling 7 Preface Krista De Jonge 9 Virtual Palaces, Digital Images – an Introduction Stephan Hoppe, Stefan Breitling 11 The Beginnings of Digital Visualization of Historical Architecture in the Academic Field Heike Messemer 21 Virtual Reconstructions and Building Archaeology in Bohemia. A Digital Model of the 14th-Century House U zvonu (‘Zur Glocke’ / ‘At the Sign of the Bell’) in Prague Michael Rykl 55 3D Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage Artifacts. A Literature Based Survey of Recent Projects and Workflows Sander Münster, Thomas Köhler 87 Visualisation of Uncertainty in Archaeological Reconstructions Dominik Lengyel, Catherine Toulouse 103 Sharpness Versus Uncertainty in ‘Complete Models’. Virtual Reconstructions of the Dresden Castle in 1678 Marc Grellert, Franziska Haas 119 A Review of Sources for Visualising the Royal Palace of Angkor, Cambodia, in the 13th Century Tom Chandler, Martin Polkinghorne 149 Medieval Castles and their Landscape. A Case Study towards Historic Reconstruction Olaf Wagener, Christian Seitz, Sven Havemann 171 Building Knowledge Spaces. Scientific Reconstruction and Modeling of the Medieval City of Bamberg Stefan Breitling, Martin Buba, Jan Fuhrmann 201 Virtually Rebuilding the Palace of Vila Viçosa in Portugal. From the Present to the Time of D. Teodósio I (16th Century) Ana Catarina G. Lopes 209 Visualizations of Rubens’s Palazzos of the 17th Century in the Antwerp ‘Nieuwstadt’ Piet Lombaerde, Marc Muylle 221 City & Spectacle: A Vision of Lisbon Before the 1755 Great Earthquake Alexandra Gago da Câmara, Helena Murteira, Paulo Rodrigues 245 Back to the Future. Visualizing the Planning and Building of the Dresden Zwinger from the 18th until the 19th Century Peter Heinrich Jahn, Markus Wacker, Dirk Welich 267 List of Contributors 303 Virtually Rebuilding the Palace of Vila Viçosa in Portugal From the Present to the Time of D. Teodósio I (16th Century) Ana Catarina G. Lopes (EAUM – Escola de Arquitectura da Universidade do Minho / CHAM – Centro de História de Além-Mar, Portugal) Studying the Palace of Vila Viçosa (fig.1) as an element of Portuguese architectural history became essential to the FCT research project De Todas as Partes do Mundo. O Património do 5.º Duque de Bragança, D. Teodósio I / All his Wordly Possessions. The Inventory of the 5th Duque of Bra- gança, D. Teodósio I.1 Since the beginning of the project, the research team has been working on an inventory of extraordinary value, revealing the goods, the cultural and intellectual interests of an important aristocrat of the 16th century, D. Teodósio, describing in detail and giving us a rare and amazing view of the material world of a prince of the Portuguese Renaissance. The Duque was from one of the most powerful families of his time. His father, D. Jaime (who was nephew of the king D. Manuel), ordered the construction of a palace in 1501 in southern Portugal to mark the land that the king had offered him. I began collaborating with the research team in order to virtually reconstruct the Palace of Vila Viçosa and its surroundings, in the time of D. Teodósio I (the first half of the 16th century). Fig. 1 Palace of Vila Viçosa, Évora, Portugal (2012). Hoppe & Breitling (eds.): Virtual Palaces, Part II. Lost Palaces and their Afterlife, München 2016 - 209 - Lopes: ‘Virtually Rebuilding the Palace of Vila Viçosa’ The Major Aims of the Ongoing Work Framed in the Workshop Virtual Palaces II As an architect and a teacher in the field of the history of Portuguese architecture, the interest for the study of architectural heritage has aroused in me a special interest in virtually design- ing and reconstructing architectural structures as material to be deeply analysed, thus producing know-ledge, especially in its interaction with the territory and the cultural contexts that produced historical monuments. The idea of participating in an interdisciplinary forum to discuss the con- tribution of virtual reconstructions and its various methods was something I found of extreme interest. It allowed for obtaining a greater insight into architectonic structures and their physical space, rhetoric representations and how to better inform the scientific community on the inves- tigations’ results. D. Teodósio was responsible for the renewal and extension of his family’s residence, turning it into a palace that followed the most erudite Italian models – a clear demonstration of his adherence to what was most advanced in European architecture of that time. Several changes have been made to the palatial spaces until the present day, but with the documentation under study and through an interpretation of the existing building, we believe one can virtually rebuild its architecture in a unique approach to the history of this ducal house. The short communication I was able to do2 wished to report on how we were developing this work, sharing the possible methods I have been using and comparing them with some case studies that I have been analysing, framing the study of the Palace of Vila Viçosa (from the present to the first half of 16th century). The work aimed to include the registration of all the metric and geometric information – architectural and topographical surveys, counting with photogrammetry. We have always considered the architectural survey a fundamental tool to proceed with rigorous studies of the historical structure. It is fundamental to acquire it, as it allows to test, clarify the types, forms, functions and geometries of this complex, allowing to launch interpretations related to the artistic domain and functional programme, as well as the evaluation of the possible impact of different construction phases. At the time of the meeting in Munich, the research project was already underway for some time, but the architectural work of virtual reconstitution was really just starting and already had several process changes. The short presentation became an opportunity to report how we intended to develop the work. And for that it was important to reflect briefly about one or two examples of other case studies we have carried out. Its results have been quite satisfying and, therefore, we wanted to apply the same methodology to study the Palace of Vila Viçosa. Hoppe & Breitling (eds.): Virtual Palaces, Part II. Lost Palaces and their Afterlife, München 2016 - 210 -