Violence in Europe Sophie Body-Gendrot Pieter Spierenburg l Editors Violence in Europe Historical and Contemporary Perspectives 1 3 Editors SophieBody-Gendrot PieterSpierenburg UniversityofSorbonne, ErasmusUniversity,Rotterdam, Paris,France TheNetherlands ISBN:978-0-387-74507-7 e-ISBN:978-0-387-74508-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007936599 #2008SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten permissionofthepublisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork, NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Usein connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,evenifthey arenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyare subjecttoproprietaryrights. Printedonacid-freepaper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Acknowledgments This collection is the principal result of a series of seminars, directed by the editors,anddevotedtotheconfrontationbetweenhistoricalandcontemporary scholarshipdealingwithviolence.MeetingswereheldinFerrara(2003),Berlin (2004), Brussels (2004), Rotterdam (2005) and Paris (2005). The series was sponsoredbythePosthumusInstitutewithfundsobtainedfromtheNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). The seminars were part of the programoftheGroupeEurope´enderecherchessurlesNormativite´s(GERN), which co-sponsored them. The editors also are grateful to the late Mario SbriccolioftheUniversityofMacerataforco-organizingthemeetinginFerrara andprovidingadditionalfundstoXavierRousseauxoftheUniversite´ Catholi- quedeLouvain(CenterforLaw&JusticeHistory)andtotheCEGES/SOMAof BelgiumfordoingthesameforthemeetinginBrussels. v Contents Introduction ................................................ 1 SophieBody-Gendrot PartI:ContestedDefinitions Violence:ReflectionsAboutaWord .............................. 13 PieterSpierenburg ViolenceasanEssentiallyContestedConcept....................... 27 WillemdeHaan PartII:Long-TermTrends HomicideinScandinavia:Long-TermTrendsandTheir Interpretations............................................... 43 DagLindstro¨m ViolenceinFrance’sPast:AnAnthropologicalApproach.............. 65 Franc¸oisPloux TheFallandRiseofHomicideinIreland .......................... 79 IanO’Donnell PartIII:ContemporaryTrends ViolenceinPresent-DayFrance:DataandSociological Analysis.................................................... 95 PhilippeRobert FromOldThreatstoEnigmaticEnemies:TheEvolutionof EuropeanPoliciesfromLowIntensityViolencetoHomegrown Terrorism .................................................. 115 SophieBody-Gendrot vii viii Contents PartIV:GenderingViolentPractices TheLanguageofViolence:SymbolicBodyPartsinMaritalConflictsin EarlyModernFrance ......................................... 141 DorotheaNolde NegotiatingViolenceandGender:SecurityandtheNightTimeEconomy intheUK................................................... 161 KateO’Brien,DickHobbsandLouiseWestmarland PartV:Politics,WarandViolence ViolenceandWar:MeasuringHomicideinBelgium(1900–1950)........ 177 XavierRousseaux,Fre´de´ricVesentiniandAntoonVrints DemocratizationandViolence:EuropeanandInternationalPerspectives .. 205 SusanneKarstedt ViolenceandViolence-ControlinLong-TermPerspective:‘Testing’Elias inRelationtoWar,Genocide,Crime,PunishmentandSport ........... 227 EricDunning Index...................................................... 251 Contributors SophieBody-Gendrot SusanneKarstedt DirectoroftheCenterforUrban ProfessorofCriminology, Schoolof Studies,UniversityofSorbonne Criminology,Education,Sociology (ParisIV),1rueVictorCousin75230 andSocialWork,KeeleUniversity, Pariscedex05, Keele,Staffordshire,ST55BG,UK, email:[email protected] email:[email protected] WillemdeHaan DagLindstro¨m ProfessorofCriminology, Professor,ISAK(Institutionen DepartmentofCriminalLawand fo¨rstudieravsamha¨llsutvecklingoch Criminology, University of kultur)Enhetenfo¨rhistoria Groningen, Faculty of Law, PO Box [DepartmentforStudiesin 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The SocialChangeandCulture, Netherlands, HistoryDivision],Linko¨pings email:[email protected] universitet,58183Linko¨ping, Sweden, EricDunning email:[email protected] EmeritusProfessorofSociology, UniversityofLeicester;Visiting DorotheaNolde Professor,UniversityofChester, Institutfu¨rGeschichtswissenschaft/ DepartmentofSociology,University FB08,Universita¨tBremen, ofLeicester,UniversityRoad, Bibliothekstrasse,D-28359 Leicester,LE17RH Bremen, email:[email protected]; DickHobbs Secretariat:ClaudiaHaase, ProfessorofSociology, Tel:þþ49-(0)421-218-2226, LondonSchoolofEconomics, email:[email protected]; HoughtonStreet, Currentposition:Junior- London, ProfessorforEarlyModern WC2A2AE History ix