Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Edited by Bonnie S. Fisher 2004 NCJ 199701 Bonnie S. Fisher, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Division of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati. Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Table of Contents Introduction Bonnie S. Fisher ...............................................................1 Section I:The Extent and Context of Violence Against Women and Family Violence Overview Bonnie S. Fisher ............................................... I–Overview–1 A. General Population How Much Violence Against Women Is There? Michael Rand and Callie Rennison ....................................... I–1–1 B. Ethnic Communities Intimate Partner Violence and Injury in the Lives of Low-Income Native American Women Lorraine Halinka Malcoe and Bonnie M. Duran ............................. I–2–1 Physical Violence Among White, African-American, and Hispanic Couples: Ethnic Differences In Initiation, Persistence, and Cessation Jana L. Jasinski ....................................................... I–3–1 C. College Students Measuring Rape Against Women: The Significance of Survey Questions Bonnie S. Fisher ...................................................... I–4–1 D. Pregnant Women Pregnancy-Associated Assault Hospitalizations: Prevalence and Risk of Hospitalized Assaults Against Women During Pregnancy Harold B. Weiss, Bruce A. Lawrence, and Ted R. Miller ....................... I–5–1 i Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Section II: Antecedents to and Consequences of Violence Against Women and Family Violence Overview Bonnie S. Fisher .............................................. II–Overview–1 A. Antecedents to Violence Against Women and Family Violence Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Adult Arrests in a General Population Sample Patricia Cohen, Elizabeth Smailes, and Jocelyn Brown ....................... II–1–1 A Longitudinal Perspective on Physical and Sexual Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Jacquelyn W. White and Paige Hall Smith ................................. II–2–1 B. Contextual-Level Characteristics of Non-Fatal Violence Concentrated Disadvantage, Economic Distress, and Violence Against Women in Intimate Relationships Michael L. Benson and Greer L. Fox ..................................... II–3–1 C. Individual-Level Factors Associated With Death and Life Threatening Injury Risk Factors for Death or Life-Threatening Injury for Abused Women in Chicago Carolyn Rebecca Block.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II.–4–1 Research Results From a National Study of Intimate Partner Homicide: The Danger Assessment Instrument Jacquelyn C. Campbell, Jane Koziol-McLain, Daniel Webster, Carolyn Rebecca Block, Doris Campbell, Mary-Ann Curry, Faye Gary, Judith McFarlane, Carolyn Sachs, Phyllis Sharps, Yvonne Ulrich, Susan A. Wilt, and Jennifer Manganello ......... II–5–1 The Effects of State and Local Domestic Violence Policy on Intimate Partner Homicide Laura Dugan, Daniel S. Nagin, and Richard Rosenfeld ....................... II–6–1 D. Individual-Level Offender Characteristics for Committing Non-Fatal Violence Male-Perpetrated Domestic Violence: Testing a Series of Multifactorial Family Models Lynda A. King and Daniel W. King ...................................... II–7–1 ii Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Domestic Violence and Deviant Behavior William D. Norwood, Ernest N. Jouriles, Renee McDonald, and Paul R. Swank . . . II–8–1 E. Consequences of and Responses to Violence Against Women Secondary Data Analysis on the Etiology, Course, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Extremely Poor Women Amy Salomon, Ellen Bassuk, Angela Browne, Shari S. Bassuk, Ree Dawson, and Nick Huntington ..................................................... II–9–1 Longitudinal Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence, Risk, Well-Being, and Employment: Preliminary Findings Mary Ann Dutton, Lisa A. Goodman, Dorothy J. Lennig, and Jane C. Murphy . . . II–10–1 Section III: Prevention and Intervention: Collaborations, Policies, Programs, and Services Overview Bonnie S. Fisher .............................................. III–Overview–1 A. Criminal Justice-Based Strategies: Police-Level/Police-Based Collaborations A Collaborative Effort Toward Resolving Family Violence Against Women Andrew L. Giacomazzi and Martha Smithey ............................... III–1–1 The Second Responders Program: A Coordinated Police and Social Service Response to Domestic Violence Erin Lane, Rosann Greenspan, and David Weisburd ......................... III–2–1 An Evaluation of Victim Advocacy Within a Team Approach Arlene N. Weisz, David Canales-Portalatin, and Neva Nahan ................. III–3–1 B. Criminal Justice-Based Strategies: Prosecutorial Policies and Decisionmaking Practices An Evaluation of Efforts to Implement No-Drop Policies: Two Central Values in Conflict Barbara E. Smith and Robert C. Davis .................................... III–4–1 Prosecuting Sexual Assault: A Comparison of Charging Decisions in Sexual Assault Cases Involving Strangers, Acquaintances, and Intimate Partners Cassia Spohn and David Holleran ....................................... III–5–1 iii Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Children and Domestic Violence: The Prosecutor’s Response Debra Whitcomb ..................................................... III–6–1 C. Criminal Justice-Based Strategies: Court-Level Programs Civil Protection Orders and Subsequent Intimate Partner Violence and Injury Victoria L. Holt ...................................................... III–7–1 Specialized Felony Domestic Violence Courts: Lessons on Implementation and Impacts From the Kings County Experience Lisa Newmark, Mike Rempel, Kelly Diffily, and Kamala Mallik Kane ........... III–8–1 Specialization of Domestic Violence Case Management in the Courts: A National Survey Susan Keilitz ........................................................ III–9–1 D. Service Utilization and Intervention Victim Service Programs for Violence Against Women: Links With Other Community Agencies Janine M. Zweig and Martha R. Burt .................................... III–10–1 The National Evaluation of State Victims of Crime Act Compensation and Assistance Programs: Findings and Recommendations From a National Survey of State Administrators Lisa Newmark, Blaine Liner, Judy Bonderman, and Barbara Smith ............ III–11–1 Using Longitudinal Data to Understand the Trajectory of Intimate Violence Over Time Cris M. Sullivan and Deborah I. Bybee .................................. III–12–1 E. Intervening With Men Who Batter Results From the Brooklyn Domestic Violence Treatment Experiment Christopher D. Maxwell, Robert C. Davis, and Bruce G. Taylor ............... III–13–1 Testing Court-Mandated Counseling for Domestic Violence Offenders: The Broward Experiment Lynette Feder and Laura Dugan ........................................ III–14–1 Predicting Abuse and Reassault Among Batterer Program Participants D. Alex Heckert and Edward W. Gondolf ................................. III–15–1 iv Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Section IV: Building an Infrastructure to Improve Research Capacity and Practice and Strengthening Researcher-Practitioner Collaborations Overview Bonnie S. Fisher .............................................. IV–Overview–1 Researchon ViolenceAgainst Women and FamilyViolence: TheChallenges and thePromise Beth E. Richie ...................................................... IV–1–1 Closing Remarks Sally T. Hillsman ...................................................... Closing–1 v Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Introduction Since the 1970s, researchers and practitioners from a wide spectrum of disciplines have documented that violence against women and family violence are substantial problems in the United States (see Crowell and Burgess, 1996). Because of their persistent efforts, Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (Title IV of Public Law 103–322, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994), and the Violence Against Women Office, now called the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW), was established in the U.S. Department of Justice. These Federal acts marked violence against women and family violence as national problems in need of both interdisciplinary scientific inquiry and development of community-based prevention and intervention policies and practices. In the Violence Against Women Act, Congress directed the National Research Council to convene the Panel on Research on Violence Against Women to “develop a framework for clarifying what is known about the nature and scope” of these problems (Crowell and Burgess, 1996: 2). In the resulting publication, Understanding Violence Against Women (Crowell and Burgess, 1996), panel members presented a comprehensive, yet critical, synthesis of the current state of research and practices. In their overview, the panel members identified gaps in the knowledge about the extent and nature of violence against women and family violence and recommended a research agenda that highlighted four major areas: ‚ Improving research methods. ‚ Building knowledge. ‚ Preventing violence. ‚ Developing a research infrastructure. In each of the four areas, the panel members made several recommendations with two complementary goals: ‚ To increase the quality of research that informs practitioners’ decisions about program and service development, implementation, and evaluation. ‚ To integrate practitioners’ experiences into research efforts that can lead to the development of innovative and effective interventions. One purpose of the current compendium is to document how knowledge gaps in research and practice identified in Understanding Violence Against Women have been addressed by recently funded projects. In doing so, the contributions to this compendium— ‚ Provide readers with important new substantive knowledge about the extent and nature of violence against women and family violence. 11 Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy ‚ Describe innovative collaborations, policies, programs, services, and interventions that have been implemented and evaluated, especially those that involve a criminal justice response. To date, no volume exists that reflects the Federal Government’s collective commitment to fund and disseminate the results from rigorous research that employs diverse theoretical and data analysis strategies—as well as innovative practices, policies, and evaluations—in the fields of violence against women and family violence. This compendium addresses that void. One of its purposes is to disseminate new knowledge produced by research conducted by the OVW grant recipients. Contributors presented results of their respective funded projects at the National Institute of Justice- sponsored Research Conference on Violence Against Women and Family Violence in October 2000. This compendium has four sections: ‚ The Extent and Context of Violence Against Women and Family Violence. ‚ Antecedents to and Consequences of Violence Against Women and Family Violence. ‚ Prevention and Intervention: Collaborations, Policies, Programs, and Services. ‚ Building an Infrastructure to Improve Research Capacity and Practice and Strengthening Researcher-Practitioner Collaborations. Overviews in each section briefly outline the gaps in knowledge that were identified in Understanding Violence Against Women and detail how the new knowledge addresses key gaps in research and practice. The contributors provide diverse perspectives on violence against women and family violence. They represent numerous disciplines, including criminal justice, public health, psychology, sociology, anthropology, psychiatry, and medicine. Many of their contributions are the result of collaborations or partnerships with other interested parties—researchers across academic disciplines, service providers, and experts employed by private or not-for-profit research organizations. The contributions are organized in a similar format. Each discusses the issue(s) that is(are) the focal point of the study, describe the research design, and present the results. Each paper concludes with implications for researchers and practitioners. Providing researchers and practitioners with state-of-the-art research results and innovative practices and policies is key to successful prevention and reduction of the negative effects of violence against women and family violence. 22 Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy Reference Crowell, N.A., and Burgess, A.W., eds. 1996. Understanding Violence Against Women. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 33