Vibration and Structural Acoustics Analysis C.M.A. Vasques (cid:2) J. Dias Rodrigues Editors Vibration and Structural Acoustics Analysis Current Research and Related Technologies Editors C.M.A.Vasques J.DiasRodrigues INEGI FaculdadedeEngenharia UniversidadedoPorto UniversidadedoPorto CampusdaFEUP R.DrRobertoFriass/n R.Dr.RobertoFrias400 4200-465Porto 4200-465Porto Portugal Portugal [email protected] [email protected] ISBN978-94-007-1702-2 e-ISBN978-94-007-1703-9 DOI10.1007/978-94-007-1703-9 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011935121 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2011 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwritten permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurpose ofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Coverdesign:VTeXUAB,Lithuania Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Vibrationandstructuralacousticsanalysisisnowadaysanessentialrequirementfor high-quality structural and mechanical design in order to assure acoustic comfort and the integrity, reliability and fail-safe behavior of structures and machines. In some conditions vibration and radiated sound in structures and machines is desir- able, as is the case of the motion of a tuning fork, the enjoyable melody that a classical guitar may produce or the motion induced by vibration conveyors. More often,vibrationandtheunderlyingradiatednoiseareundesirableandinconvenient, as is the case of the vibrational motion of internal combustion engines, the noise generatedbyrailwaytraffic,theimperfectionsinthemillingandturningprocesses due to machine tool chatter or the vibration instability of light-weight aerospace structures. Theunderlyingtechnologiesofthisfieldofmultidisciplinaryresearchareevolv- ing very fast and their dissemination is usually scattered over different and com- plementaryscientificandtechnicalpublicationmeans.Inordertomakeiteasyfor developersandtechnologyend-userstofollowthelatestdevelopmentsandnewson the field, this book collects into a single volume selected, extended, updated and revisedversionsofthepaperspresentedattheSymposiumonVibrationandStruc- tural Acoustics Analysis, coordinated by J. Dias Rodrigues and C.M.A. Vasques, ofthe3rdInternationalConferenceonIntegrity,Reliability&Failure(IRF’2009), co-chairedbyJ.F.SilvaGomesandShakerA.Meguid,heldattheFacultyofEngi- neeringoftheUniversityofPorto,Portugal,20–24July2009.Theselectedpapers wherechosenamongthemorethan60paperspresentedattheconferencesympo- sium. Writtenbyexperiencedpractitionersandresearchersinthefield,thisbookbrings togetherrecentdevelopmentsinthefield,spanningacrossabroadrangeofthemes: vibrationanalysis,analyticalandcomputationalstructuralacousticsandvibration, materialsystems andtechnologiesfor noiseandvibrationcontrol,vibration-based structuralhealthmonitoring/evaluation,machinerynoise/vibrationanddiagnostics, experimental testing in vibration and structural acoustics, applications and case studies in structural acoustics and vibration. Each chapter somewhat presents and describesthestateoftheart,presentscurrentresearchresultsanddiscussestheneed v vi Preface for future developmentsin a particular aspect of vibrationand structural acoustics analysis. Thebookisenvisagedtobeanappellativetextfornewcomerstothesubjectand ausefulresearchstudytoolforadvancedstudentsandfacultymembers.Practition- ersandresearchersmayalsofindthisbookanappellativereferencethataddresses current and future challenges in this field. The variety of case studies is expected tostimulateaholisticviewofsoundandvibrationandrelatedfieldsandtoappeal toabroadspectrumofengineerssuchastheonesinthemechanical,aeronautical, aerospace,civilandelectricalcommunities. Withthesynergisticcombinationofeffortsofauthors,editorsandinvitedreview- ers,thisbookbringstogethersomanyinterrelatedandyetdiversetopicsinasingle volume.Hopefully,theeditorsexpectitallowsthereaderstogetanupdatedsense of the interest, technical diversity and applicability of this ever evolving research field,andthatitmaybeusedasaroad-maptotherequiredpracticalunderstanding andtechnicalskillsrequiredtoanalyzeandengineernewsolutionsforproblemson vibrationandstructuralacousticsfields. UniversityofPorto C.M.A.Vasques Porto,Portugal J.DiasRodrigues Acknowledgements Theeditorsstronglyacknowledgethevaluableeffortsofallbookcontributorsand authors.Puttingforwardthisbookwasonlypossibleduetotheirpositiveanswerto thecallforpapersandtothenumberofcontributionssubmittedandevaluatedfrom wherethebestwereselected. The contributions in this volume have undergone a full peer-review. In view of this, we are particular indebted to all peer reviewers that have kindly accepted the invitationtotakepartinthereviewingprocessandthatprovidedvaluablecomments whichcertainlyledtoimprovementsinthechapterscontainedinthisbook.Inpar- ticular,wewouldliketoacknowledgethecollaborationof: Aassif,E.H. Collet,M. (IbnZohrUniversity,MA) (UniversityofFranche-Comté,FR) Abdo,J. Devriendt,C. (SultanQaboosUniversity,OM) (VrijeUniversiteitBrussel,BE) Albarbar,A. Ducarne,J. (ManchesterMetropolitanUniv.,UK) (ThalesAleniaSpace,FR) Alfano,M. Duffey,T. (UniversitàdellaCalabria,IT) (ConsultingEngineer,US) Anthonis,J. Dutta,D. (KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,BE) (CarnegieMellonUniversity,US) Bard,D. Fidlin,A. (LundUniversity,SE) (KarlsruheInstituteofTechnology,DE) Beck,B. Foltête,E. (GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,US) (UniversityofFranche-Comté,FR) Borza,D. Gil,L. (INSAdeRouen,FR) (Univ.PolitècnicadeCatalunya,ES) Chen,J.-T. Gu,Y. (NationalTaiwanOceanUniv.,TW) (QueenslandUniv.ofTechnology,AU) vii viii Acknowledgements Han,J.-G. Ravina,E. (HainanUniversity,CN) (UniversityofGenova,IT) Kessler,S.S. Ribeiro,A.M.R. (MetisDesignCorporation,US) (TechnicalUniversityofLisbon,PT) Küchler,S. Ripamonti,F. (UniversityofStuttgart,DE) (PolitecnicodiMilano,IT) Latif,R. Samandari,H. (IbnZohrUniversity,MA) (UniversityofTabriz,IR) Lee,D.-H. Sarigül,A.S. (Dong-EuiUniversity,KR) (DokuzEylülUniversity,TR) Li,H.J. Seçgin,A. (OceanUniversityofChina,CN) (DokuzEylülUniversity,TR) Loendersloot,R. Sinha,J.K. (UniversityofTwente,NL) (UniversityofManchester,UK) Martarelli,M. Sohn,H. (Univ.PolitecnicadelleMarche,IT) (KAIST,KR) Matter,M. Stubbs,N. (EPFLausanne,CH) (TexasA&MUniversity,US) Montalvão,D. Thomas,M. (InstitutoPolitécnicodeSetúbal,PT) (UniversitéduQuébec,CA) Neubauer,M. Trollé,A. (LeibnizUniversitätHannover,DE) (UniversitédeLyon,FR) Oudjene,M. Tronchin,L. (ENSTIB,FR) (UniversitàdiBologna,IT) Ouisse,M. Varoto,P.S. (UniversityofFranche-Comté,FR) (UniversityofSãoPaulo,BR) Pérez,M.A. Woodhouse,J. (Univ.PolitècnicadeCatalunya,ES) (CambridgeUniversity,UK) Pierro,E. Zhou,S. (PolitecnicodiBari,IT) (NortheasternUniversity,CN) Qiao,P. Zhu,Q. (WashingtonStateUniversity,US) (OyamaNat.CollegeofTechnology,JP) For helping putting forward this book, special thanks are also addressed to the PublishingEditor,NathalieJacobs,fortheenthusiasmandsupportgiventotheedi- torsinanearlystageofthebookplanningandpreparation. Last but not least, we wish also to express our gratitude to the IRF’2009 con- ferenceco-chairs,J.F.SilvaGomesandShakerA.Meguid,fortheconsiderationof a special symposium on Vibration and Structural Acoustics Analysis in IRF’2009 conference,fromwherethepaperswereselected. Contents 1 The Dynamic Analysis of Thin Structures Using a Radial InterpolatorMeshlessMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 L.M.J.S.Dinis,R.M.NatalJorge,andJ.Belinha 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 OverviewoftheStateoftheArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 TheNaturalNeighbourRadialPointInterpolationMethod . . . . . 3 1.4 DynamicDiscreteSystemofEquations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5 DynamicExamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.5.1 CantileverBeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.5.2 VariableCrossSectionBeams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.5.3 Shear-Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.5.4 SquarePlates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.5.5 ShallowShell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.6 ProspectsfortheFuture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.8 SelectedBibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 VibrationTestingfortheEvaluationoftheEffectsofMoisture ContentontheIn-PlaneElasticConstantsofWoodUsedinMusical Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 M.A.PérezMartínez,P.Poletti,andL.GilEspert 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2 OverviewoftheStateoftheArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.3 OrthotropicNatureofWoodProperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.4 InfluenceofMoistureChangesonWood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.5 ExperimentalModalAnalysisofWoodenSpecimens. . . . . . . . 32 2.6 NumericalModelofWoodenPlate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.6.1 TheFiniteElementMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.6.2 FreeVibrationsofKirchhoffPlates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.6.3 PerturbationoftheEquationofMotion . . . . . . . . . . . 43 ix