VEGETATIONANDFLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODS NATUREPRESERVE,CLARKCOUNTY,ILLINOIS BobEdgin GordonCTucker^ andJohnE.Ebinger IllinoisNaturePreservesCommission DepartmentofBiologicalSciences Springfield,Illinois62701,U.S.A. EasternIllinoisUniversity Charleston,Illinois61920,U.S.A. ABSTRACT AmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserveislocatedonlllinoiantillintheWabasliBorderDivisionol easternIllinois.Theplantlifeolthis8hasitewasexaminedduringthe1999-2001growingseasons. Wedocumentedatotalof207vascularplantspeciesni148generaof71families(10pteridophytes,1 gyinnosperm,49monocots,and147dicots).Wealsosampledthevegetationusingastratified-ran- domline-stripmethod.Treedensityaveraged249trees/hawithabasalareaof22.91m-'/ha.Fa^us grandijoliaEhrh.(Americanbeech)wasthedominanttreespecieswith63trees/ha,abasalareaof 7.34m-/ha,andanimportancevalue26.1(possil.:>le100).AcersaccharumMarsh,(sugarmaple)ranked secondinimportancevalue(IV=15.7)withmostindividualsinthei0-19.9cmdiameterclass.Querciis vdulinaLam.(blackoak)andCavyaglabra(Mill.).Sweet(pignuthickory)weretheonlyotherover- storytreeswithanimportancevaluegreaterthan10.Incomparisonwithanearlierstudyin1973, thesitehasexperiencedadecreaseinbothtreedensity(399trees/havs.249trees/ha)andbasalarea (33.35mVhavs.22.91mVha). RESUMEN LaReservaNaturalde1layaAmericanaestaubicadaenterrenoIllinoisenlaironteradelRioWabash enIllinoisoriental.Lafloradelbosc]uequemidc8hectareaslueexaminadadurantelatemporadade crecimientoenlosanos1999-2001.Memosidentificado207especiesdeplantasvascularesque incluycn148generosde71familiasdistintas:10pteridolitas.unagimnosperma,49monocotited6neas. y147dicotiledoneas.Muestreamoslavegetacionusandoelmetododelinea-franjaalcatoria.La densidadpromediaera249arbolesporhectarcaconunaareabasalde22.91m2/ha.Fagiisgrandifolia Ehrh.(haya)eralaespeciedearboldotninante.Ilabia63arbolesporhectareaconunaareabasalde 7.32m-/hayunvalordeimportanciade26.1(posibilidaddc100).AcerMcchatum(arcedeazucar) teniaunaimportanciasecundariaconunvalordeimportanciade15.7.Lamayoriadelosindividuos pertenccianalaclasedetamaiioentrc10-19.9cm.QuercusveludnaLam.doblenegro)yCaryaglabra Mill,tnuezdecerdo)cranlosunicosarbolesquetenianunvalordeimportanciademasde10.En comparacionconelestudiode1973elbosquchasulridounaperdidadedensidad(399arbolesporha v.249arbolesporha)yareabasal(33.35m-/ha\'.22.91m-/ha.) 1NTR0I3UCT10N AtthebeginningofextensiveEuropeansettleinent(ca.1800),about61%ofIlli- noiswasprairieandsavanna.Theremainder,mostlythemoreruggedterrain, waswoodlandandforest(Kiichler1964;Anderson1970;Iversonetal.1991; Ebinger1997).Insuchareasofruggedterrain,treespeciescompositionvaried 'Correspondingauthor;cfgct@eiu,edu. SIDA21(3):1861-1878.2005 1862 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(3) locallywithoaks(Qucriusspp.)andhickories(Caryaspp.)beingthecommon forestspeciesondrierinostlyuplandsites.Mesophyticspeciessuchaselm (.lUmu^.spp.),ash(Fnixmusspp.),andsugarmaple(AcersaccharumMarsh.) 1w9e5r0e;aAsnsdoceirastoendw1i98t3h;tChoewdeilslse&cteJdacrkasvionnes20a0n2d).naAtrrtohwereiavsetreIrlnooeddpgleaionfsI(llBirnaoiusn, particulaHyintheWabashBorderNaturalDivision,manyoftheselorestscon- tained American beech(FagusgrandifoliaEhrh.),tuliptree(Liriodendron tulipijci'iiL.),andothertreespeciestypicallytoundinloreststotheeastol Illi- nois(Schvv'egman1973).Americanbeechhasawiderangecomparabletothat ofothermajorHasternDeciduousForesttrees. Beech-maplelorestsusuallyincludedsomespeciesofoaksandhickories andreachedthewesternlimitoftheirrangeineast-centralandsouthernIlli- nois.InIllinois,thefewremainingexamplesol thiscommunitytypeareasso- ciatedwithsteep,deeplydissectedravinesystems,narrowvalleys,andnarrow- tobroadridges.Thebeech-maplecomponenthasarichherbaceouslayeron tliemesicslopesandanoak-hickorycomponentontheridgesandmorelevel uplands.Theseremnantshavebeenvariouslydisturbedbylogging,grazing, ande.xoticspeciesinvasion. ThreeexamplesofthisforestcommunitylocatedintheWabashRiverValley havebeendedicatedasIllinoisNaturePreserves(McFall&Karnes1995).Oc- currencesol American beech in thisregion haveenhancedsignificanceas thesepopulationsrepresentthewesternedgeol therangeolawideranging easternNorthAmericanspecies.TheAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve containsoneoltheseprotectedbeech-maplelorests.Theobjectivesofourstudy weretodocumentthevascularflora;todeterminethecompositionandstruc- tureol thewoodyandherbaceousvegetation;andtoanalyzechangesinthe forestcompositionthatoccurredsincetheforestwaslaststudiedin1973. DH.SCRIPTIONOFTill'STUDYARHA TheAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve,dedicatedasanaturepreservein 1985,islocatedinFincolnTrailStatePark(Fig.1),about5kmsouthofMarshall, ClarkCounty,Illinois(SE/4,NW/4,S2,TION,R12W;39°20'30"N,87°42'45"W). LocatedintheSouthernUplandSectionoftheWabashBorderNatural Divi- sionabout15kmtromtheIndianastateline,thepreserveissituatedonlllinoian glacialtillabout20kmsoutholtheterminalmoraineofWisconsinglaciation CSchwcgman 1973).Thepreserve,about8hainsize,hasruggedtopography, ranginginelevationfrom \b7mattheedgeol FincolnTrailFaketo190mat thehighestpoint.Topogra]-)hicfeaturesincfudesteep-sidedravines,valleywalls olvariousslopeaspects,andnarrowridges.Thewesternboundaryolthepre- servelollowstheshorelineol FincolnTrailLake.Present!)'mostofthepreserve ishighquality,oldsecondgrowth,mesicanddry-mesicuplandforest(White&r Madany1978).BasedontheoriginalGox'crnmentLandOfficesurveyrecords EDGINETAL,FLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODSNATUREPRESERVE 1863 Fig.1.ThelocationofClarkCountyineasternIllinois,andthelocationofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreservein LincolnTrailStatePark,SofMarshall,Illinois(courtesyoftheIllinoisNaturePreservesCommission). attheIllinoisStateArchivesinSprmgfield(Hutchison1988),thewoodsstill retainsmanyofthespeciespresentpriortosettlementbyEuropeans. Theoverstoryotthepreservewassampledin1973aspartofanextensive studythatexaminedthestructureandcompositionofbeech-mapleforestsin Illinois,Indiana,Michigan,andWisconsin(Dunn1978).Twoprescribedburns (Nov1993andDec1998)havebeenconductedinthepreserve,whileseedlings andsaplingsofsugarmapleshavebeenremovedrecentlyfromtheflatuplands andridgetops. Thesoilsof theridgetopsareStoysiltloam,asomewhatpoorlydrained soilthatformedinloessunderlamb\'lllinoumglacialtill(Await1979).Soilsof thewoodedslopesanddrainagesare Hickoryfoam,awelf-drainedsoilthat developedinlllinoianglacialtill.ThesesoilsoverlaybedrockcomposedofPenn- sylvanianshaleandsandstone(Dunn1978). Theclimateiscontinental,characterizedbyhot,humidsummersandcold winters.WeatherstationrecordsforMarshall,Illinois,about6kmnorthofthe preserve,indicatethattheareareceivesanaverageannualprecipitationof104 cmwhichfallsmostlyasramduringtheperiodofAprilthroughSeptember (Weathercom2002).Januaryisthecoldestmonthwithanaveragehightem- peratureof1°Candanaveragefow^temperature-8°C.Therecordhighforthe monthwas27°ConJanuary9,1932andtherecordlowwas-31°ConJanuary 18,1930.Julyisthehottestmonthwithanaveragehightemperatureof31°C andanaveragelowof17°C.Therecordhighforthemonthwas43°ConJuly 14,1936andtherecordlowwas7°ConJuly1,1937(weathercom2002). 1864 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(3) MATERIALSANDMETHODS Theareawasvisitednumeroustunesduringthe1999,2000,and2001growing seasons.Duringeachtrip,allnew[loweringorIruitingspeciesencountered werecollected,thespecimensidentified,anddepositedmtheStoverEbinger Herbarium(RIU)ofEasternIllinoisUniversity,Charleston.Nativestatusand nomenclaturefollowsMofilenbrock(2002).Allvascularplanttaxaobserved areenumeratedintheAnnotatedSpeciesList(Appendix1). Vegetationsamplingtodeterminequantitativeabundanceofwoodyand herbaceousspecieswasconductedonAugust29and30,2000.Weemployed thestratified-random line-stripmethodof Lindsay(1955)asmodiliedby Donselman(1973),Levenson(1973),andDunn(1978).Usingthismethod,over- storytrees,saplings,shrubs,andgroundlayerstrataweresampledsimulta- neouslyinrectangularplotspositionedalongtransectlines. Sampleplotslortheoverstorytrees(s=10.0cmdbh)weredelimitedusinga 100mtapedividedinto25msections.Overstorytreesweresampledin10mx 25m(0.025ha)withfourlocatedalongeachtransect.Alltreeswhosecenters werelocatedwithintheplotswereincludedinthesample.Aspectoftheplot, species,anddiameteratbreastheight(dbh)wererecordedloreachindividual locatedwithintheboundariesofeachplot.Largesaplings(5.0cmdbh-9.9cm dbhj,intermediatesaplings(s=2.5cmdbh;=s4.9cmdbh),smallsaplings(s^ 50.0cmtall;<2.4cmdbh),shrubs,andthegroundlayer(woodyseedlings<50.0 cmtallandallherbaceoustaxa)weresampledinrectangularplotslocatedat thezero,25m,50m,and75mmarkol thetape.Aspect,species,andthenum- berolindividualswererecordedlorallvascularplantsineachcategorythat tellwithinonemeterIromthetapealongasection2.5mlong(0.00025haplot). Whenallplotsalongthe100mtransectlineweresampled,asectionof1/ 2"steelconduitmarked"Edgin2000"wasdrivenateachendolthetapetofa- cilitatetherelocationofthetransectlineforfuturestudies.Anew100mtransect line,locatedaminimumof25mdistantfromthefirstlineandperpendicular totheravinewasthenestablishedandthesamplingproceduresrepeated.This processwasreplicatedalongten100mtransectlinesprovidingatotalol 40 plotsineachcategory. Density(trees/ha),basalarea(m-^/ha),frequency(%),relativedensity,rela- tivedominance,relativefrequency,importancevalue(relativedensity+rela- tivedominance+relativelrequency/3)andaveragebasalareaweredetermined loreachspeciesintheoverstorytreestratum.Density(stems/ha),frequency (%),relativedensityrelativefrequency,andimportancevalue(relativedensity +relativefrequency/2)weredeterminedforeachspeciesinthesmall,interme- diate,andlargesapling,shrub,andgroundlayerstrata. TheFloristicQualityIndex(FQl)ofthesitewasdeterminedusingtheCo- efficientofConservatism{COassignedtoeachspeciesbyTaftetal.(1997).The EDGINETAL.,FLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODSNATUREPRESERVE 1865 CCforeachspeciesintheIllinoisflorawasdeterminedbyassigninganinteger from to10(oreachspeciesbasedonitstolerancetodisturbanceanditslidel- itytohabitatmtegrity.TheFQIisaweightedindexofspeciesrichness(N= numberofspeciespresent),andisthearithmeticproductoftheaverageCoeffi- cientofConservatism(C-Value=theaverageofallspeciesCC's)multipliedby thesquarerootofthespeciesrichness(VN):FQI=C-Value(VN).Thereforethe FQIindicatesthelevelofhabitatdegradationandprovidesanassessmentof thequalityoieachtractbasedonthetaxapresent.Itisparticularlyusefulwhen combinedwithquadrat-basedsamplingmethodsandprovidesawayofmak- ingquantitativecomparisonsamongsites.TheSorensonCoefficientofCom- munity(Sorenson1948)wasusedtodeterminethesimilarityoftheground layervegetationonthedifferentslopeaspectsinthestudyarea.Theindexis calculatedas2c/(a+h+2c),whereaisthenumberofspeciesuniquetosample a,histhenumberofspeciesuniquetosampleb,andcisthenumberofspecies sharedbybothsamples(Small&McCarthy2001). RESULTSANDDISCUSSION — Overstoryandwoodyunderstorycompositionandstructure. Duringthesam- plingoftheoverstoryatotalof17treespecieswasencountered,includingtwo understoryspecieshavinglittlechanceofreachingthecanopy;sevenadditional treespecieswerefoundelsewhereonthepreserve,i.e.,outsidethesampling transects,accountingforatotalof24species.Overalltreedensitywas249.0 trees/haandtotalbasalareawas22.91m^/ha.Americanbeechrankedfirstin basalarea,relativedensity,relativedominance,andimportancevalue(Table1). Itwasthemostfrequentlyencounteredspecies,occurredin70%oftheplots, andwasevenlydistributedthroughoutmostdiameterclasses.Sugarmaple rankedsecondinimportancevalueandrelativedensityandthirdinbasalarea. Itoccurredin57.5%oltheplotsandwasmostabundantinthesmallerdiam- eterclasseswith63%oftheindividualsencounteredbeinginthe10-19.9cm diameterclass.QucrcusvelutinaLam.(blackoak)(IV=11.7)andCaryaglabra (Mill.)Sweet(pignuthickory)(IV=10.0)weretheonlyothertaxaencountered withimportancevaluesgreaterthan10.Blackoakwasmostabundantinthe mediumandlargediameterclasseswhilepignuthickorywasmostabundant inthesmallerdiameterclasses. Oftheremainingoverstorytrees,tuliptreewastheonlyspeciestoberep- resentedinmostdiameterclasses,beingpresentmlownumbersmallbutthe largestdiameterclass(Table1).Caryaovata(Mill.)K.Koch(shagbarkhickory) waspresentonlyinthesmallerdiameterclasseswithnoindividualsover39.9 cmdbhbeingencountered.Caryatomentosa(PoirexLam.)Nutt.(mockernut hickory)waspresentinlownumbersinthesmallandmediumdiameterclasses whileQuercusalbaL.(whiteoak)waspresentonlyinthemediumdiameter Table1.Density(#/ha)bydiameterclasses(cm),totaldensity(#/ha),basalarea(m/ha),frequency{%),relativedensity,relativedominance,relativefrequency, importancevalue,andaveragedbharegivenfortreetaxaencounteredduringsamplingofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve,Clarl<;County,Illinois. Alsoincludedistheimportancevalueandaveragedbhpertreetaxafromthe1973study(Dunn1978), Avg. 1973 Total Basal Basal Basal 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Density Area Freq. Rel. Rel. Rel. Area/ 1973 Area/ -19.9 -29.9 -39.9 -49.9 -59.9 -69.9 -79.9 80.0-(- (#/ha) (mVha) (%) Den. Dom. Freq. IV tree IV tree Fagusgrandifolia 16.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 4.0 -- 1.0 63.0 7.34 70.0 25.3 32.0 21.1 26.1 0.12 25.9 0.09 Acersoccharum 29.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 -- 2.0 -- -- 46.0 2.59 57.5 18.5 11.3 17.3 15.7 0.06 15.5 0.06 Quercusvelutina -- 4.0 9.0 6.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 -- 25.0 3.72 30.0 10.0 16.2 9.0 11.7 0.15 7.3 0.13 Caryaglabra 12.0 7.0 8.0 2.0 1.0 -- -- -- 30.0 1.87 32.5 12.1 8.2 9.8 10.0 0.06 4.3 0.08 LinodendronWlipifera 3.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -- 15.0 1.80 25.0 6.0 7.9 7.5 7.1 0.12 5.4 0.18 Caryaovata 11.0 9.0 4.0 -- -- -- -- -- 24.0 0.95 25.0 9.6 4.1 7.5 7.1 0.04 0.8 0.02 Caryatomentoso 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 -- -- 13.0 1.02 20.0 5.2 4.5 6.0 5.2 0.08 4.1 0.06 Quercusalba -- -- 4.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -- -- 7.0 1.12 17.5 2.9 4.9 5.3 4.4 0.16 11.0 0.11 Ouercusrubra -- -- -- -~ 1.0 1.0 -- 1.0 3.0 1.06 10.0 1.2 4.6 3.0 2.9 0.36 8.2 0.14 Ulmusarvericana 6.0 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 7.0 0,13 10.0 2.8 0.6 3.0 2.1 0.02 0.4 0.03 Fraxinuspennsylvanica -- 1.0 -- 2.0 -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.44 7.5 1.2 1.9 2.2 1.8 0.15 0.7 0.11 Nyssasylvatica -- -- 3.0 -- -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.29 7.5 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.6 0.10 6.2 0.04 Ulmusrubra 1.0 1.0 -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.22 7.5 1.2 1.0 2.2 1.5 0.08 Sassafrasalbidum 3.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.04 5.0 1.2 0.2 1.5 1.0 0.01 0.7 0.09 Acerrubrum -- ^- -- -- 1.0 1.0 -- -- 2.0 0.23 2.5 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.23 Juglansnigra -- -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 0.08 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.09 Cornusflonda 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 0.01 2.5 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.01 0.8 0.01 Others(7taxa) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.7 Totals 86.0 46.0 51.0 32.0 16.0 14.0 2.0 2.0 249.0 22.91 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 EDGINETAL.,FLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODSNATUREPRESERVE 1867 classes.Oftheremainingtrees,mostwerepresentaswidelyscatteredindividu- alswithtwo,Sassafrasalhidum(Nutt.)Nees(sassafras)andCornusfloridaL. (floweringdogwood)beingunderstorytrees. Theoveralltreedensitydeclinedfrom399.0trees/hain1973to249.0trees/ hamthisstudy(Dunn1978)(Table1).Totalbasalareaalsodecreasedfrom33.35 m^/hain1973to22.91m^/hain2000.However,theimportancevaluesfor Americanbeech,sugarmaple,andmostotherspecieswereverysimilartothose reportedinthepreviousstudy.Theimportancevalueofshagbarkhickorywas considerablyhigherinthepresentstudywhilethoseofwhiteoakandredoak wereconsiderablylower Sevenspecieshavingacombinedimportanceof8.7inthe1973studywere notencounteredduringthesamplinginthisstudy.Ofthosespecies,Carya cordi/ormisCWang.)Koch(bitternuthickory)andFraxinusamericanaL(white ash)hadIV'stotaling1.5inthe1973studyAmelanchierarhorea(Michx.f.) Fernald(shadbush),CarpinuscarolinianaWalt,(musclewood),andOstrya virginiana(Mill.)K.Koch(ironwood)areunderstorytreesthathadacombined importancevalueof4.8mthe1973study.Sincenopermanenttransectswere establishedinthepreviousstudy,thesechangesmaybemorereflectiveofsam- plingerrorratherthanchangesinthecompositionoftheforeststand.Tilia americanaL.(basswood)(IV=2.4in1973)wasencounteredneitherduringthe sampling,northesitevisitsandappearstohavebeenextirpatedfromthepreserve. Intheunderstory,sugarmapleandAmericanbeechrankedfirstandsec- ond,respectivelyinallthreesaplingcategories.Oftheremainingunderstory trees,onlyfloweringdogwoodandironwoodwerepresentinallofthesaplmg categories(Table2).Hickorieswerenotcommonintheunderstoryandnooaks wereencountered. Atotalof26dead-standingsaplingswereencounteredin11plots.These stemswereallinthemediumandsmallsaplingcategoriesandoccurredinplots locatedonridgetopsorslopeswithaneast,west,orsouthwestaspect.Of26 stemsencountered,19appearedtohavebeentop-killedbyfire(14sugarmaple, twoironwood,twoAmericanbeech,andonehickory).Sevendead-standingdog- woodsaplingswereencountered,butitwasnotclearastowhethertheseindi- vidualsweredeadasaresultoffireoranthracnose. HydrangeaarborescensL.(wildhydrangea)andLoniceramaackii(Rupr) Maxim,(bushhoneysuckle)weretheonlyshrubtaxaencountered.Wildhy- drangeawaspresentinoneplotlocatedinacreekbottomwhileonebushhon- eysucGkrloeunsdhlrauyberwacosmepnosciotuinotneraenddisntraucptluorte.w—itAhtaotnaolrotfh-7f0atcaixnagwaasspeecnt.countered inthegroundlayer(Table3).TheCarexspp.(sedges)asagrouprankedfirstin importancevalue(IV=8.8)andoccurredin50%oftheplots.Pileapumila(L.)A. Gray(clearweed)rankedsecondinimportancevalue,beingmostabundantin plotsthatoccurredincreekbottomsandonthenortheast-facingslopes.Sanicula Table2.Density(stems/ha)arrangedbyaspect,totaldensity(#/ha),frequency(%ofplotsinwhicheachtaxonwasobserved),relativedensity,relativefre- quencyandimportancevalueforlargesaplings(3=5.0cmdbh-9.9cmdbh),intermediatesaplings{^2,5cmdbh-<5.0cmdbh),andsmallsaplings(>50 cmtall-2,5cmdbh)encounteredduringsamplingofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve,ClarkCounty,Illinois. Aspect iplots LargeSaplings(5-10cmdbh) Total Crk. Ridge Density Freq. Rel. Rel. Bot. SW top N W NE SE (#/ha) (%) Den. Freq. IV Acersaccharum 198 400 400 130 17.5 65.0 46.7 55.9 Fagusgrandifolia 57 66 30 7.5 15.0 20.0 17.5 Carpinuscaroliniana 20 5.0 10.0 13.3 11.7 Cornusflorida 57 10 5.0 5.0 13.3 9.1 Caryaovata 10 5.0 5.8 Totals 171 56 264 400 400 200 100.0 100.0 100.0 IntermediateSaplings(2.5-4.9cmdbh) Acersaccharum 228 198 132 400 133 800 400 200 30.0 52.6 46.3 49.4 Fagusgrandifolia 57 160 66 198 160 266 400 120 22.5 31.7 34.6 33.2 CCaorrpniunsufslocrairdoaliniana ---- -1-32 8800 3100 25..50 27..69 73..87 73..28 Uimusrubra 80 10 2.5 2.6 3.8 3.2 Caryaovata -- 80 -- 10 2.5 2.6 3.8 3.2 Totals 285 240 396 330 320 480 399 800 800 380 100.0 100.0 100.1 SmallSaplings(>50cmtall-2.4cmdbh) Acersaccharum 513 720 462 924 80 266 3200 800 600 47.5 43.4 31.1 37.3 FagusgrandifoFia 456 320 66 330 320 33 200 240 37.5 17.4 24.5 20.9 Ostryavirginiana -- 528 400 400 120 12.5 8.7 8.2 8.5 Ulmusrubra 114 80 66 90 15.0 6.5 9.9 8.2 Cornusflorida 57 80 198 66 70 15.0 5.1 9.9 7.5 Asiminatriloba 1280 160 2.5 11.6 1.6 6.6 - Table2.continued Aspect Allplots SmallSaplings{>50cmtall-2.4cmdbh) Total CBrokt.. SW Rtoipdge N W E S NE SE D(#e/nhsai)ty F(r%e)q. RDeeln.. RFerle.q. IV o3D Carpinuscaroliniana 57 20 5.0 1.5 3.4 2,5 Fraxinuspennsylvanica 57 66 20 5.0 1.5 3.4 2.5 Prunusserotina 400 20 2.5 1.5 6 .6 Lifiodendrontulipifera 200 2.5 0.7 6 .1 Morusrubra 200 2.5 0.7 6 oo Sassafrasalbidum 66 2.5 0.7 6 Fraxinusarvericana 66 0,7 Totals 1254 1200 726 2112 560 360 399 5400 1200 380 100,0 100.0 100.0 Table3.Density(#/ha)arrangedbyaspect,totaldensity(#/ha),frequency(%ofplotsinwhicheachtaxonwasobserved),relativedensity,relativefrequency, andimportancevalueforgroundlayertaxaincludingwoodyspecies(<50cmtall)encounteredduringsamplingofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve, ClarkCountyIllinois. Aspect Allplots Crk. Ridge Density Freq. Rel. Rel. Bot. SW top N W E s NE SE (#/ha) {%) Den. Freq. IV Carexspp. 9324 2880 25974 13320 1332 6660 2000 14100 50.0 10.4 7.2 8.8 Pileapuniila 46620 -- 1998 1332 333 70000 -- 14600 22,5 10,8 3.3 7.0 Saniculaspp. 1332 -- 2664 666 22644 800 4662 28000 ^ 10500 30,0 7.7 4.3 6.0 Asarumcanadensis 87246 -- 800 4662 -- 14600 7,5 10.8 1.1 5.9 Violasororia 11988 800 10656 666 4995 4000 1998 1400 7800 35,0 5,7 5.1 5.4 Liriodendrontulipifera 888 7200 1998 3996 999 800 7326 -- 4500 35.0 3,3 5.1 4.2 Solidagocaesia 8800 7992 9324 333 -- 333 18000 -- 4800 32.5 3.5 4.7 4.1 Impatienscapensis 11544 -- 6660 2664 -- 333 2000 4600 20.0 3.4 2,9 3.1 Table3.continued Aspect Allplots Crk. Ridge Density Freq. Rel. Rel. Bot. SW top N W E S NE SE (#/ha) (%) Den. Freq. IV Acetsaccharum 1332 1600 7326 1998 333 3200 333 -- __ 2500 30.0 1.8 4.3 3.0 Polystichum 1332 1600 666 1332 333 8000 16000 1700 27.5 1.3 4,0 2.7 acrostichoides Sassafrasalbldum -- 8800 4662 333 1600 333 2200 22.5 1.6 3.3 2.5 Parthenocissus 1776 3200 666 6660 -- 1600 2200 20.0 1.6 2.9 2.3 quinquefollus Ansaema(nphyllum 444 4800 1998 12000 333 2600 17.5 1,9 2.5 2.2 Ageratinaaltissima 2664 7326 666 -- 800 2000 2000 20.0 1.5 2.9 2.2 Leersiavirgmica 20424 -- -- -- 4600 7.5 3.3 1.0 2.1 APnhtreynmoarolnepvtiorsgtiancihyaanum 117175644 800 666 ---- 9193932 230200000 42060000 1105..00 21..99 21..24 22..11 Galiumconcinnum 444 1332 -- 333 333 40000 2500 15.0 1.8 2.2 2.0 Ulmusrubra 444 800 2664 3200 666 1200 20.0 0.9 2.9 1.9 Fraxinusamericana 888 800 2664 333 2000 900 20.0 0.7 2.9 1.8 Osmorhizaclaytonii 1332 -- 666 330 5600 1600 15.0 1.2 2.2 1.7 Laporteacanadensis 8436 2400 1600 2400 7.5 1.8 1,1 1.4 Prunusserotina -- 1998 3330 -- 1332 900 12.5 0.7 1.8 1.3 Asterspp. 888 -- 666 -- -- 800 2000 600 15.0 0.4 2.2 1.3 Caryaspp. 3200 3996 -- -- -- 1000 12,5 0.7 1.8 1.3 Equisetumarvense 12432 1332 -- -- 2800 2.5 2.0 0.4 1.2 Vitisaestivalis -- 666 -- 8325 2500 2.5 1.8 0.4 1.1 HGOxeaapllaiitusimcsapcpia.rccuateizlaonbsa -9-768 -- 4--662 ---- 999 -- 2000 8000 211218000000 557...050 011...386 001,..177 111...100 CMourhnluesnbfelrognidaaspp. ---- ---- 6763626 2331 -- -- 1108000 25..50 01..13 00..47 01..30 Others(39laxa) 128/6 16000 7992 7326 3996 12800 5661 3200 800 12800 140.0 9.5 20.3 14.9 Totals 170496 63680 109224 146850 43623 49600 44289 214600 24800 136100 100.0 100.0 100.0