ptg VCP4 VMware Certified Professional, ptg Second Edition Elias Khnaser VCP4 Exam Cram: VMware Certified Professional, Second Edition Associate Publisher Copyright © 2011 by Pearson IT Certification David Dusthimer All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho- Acquisitions tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the pub- Editor lisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the informa- Betsy Brown tion contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility Development for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting Editor from the use of the information contained herein. Andrew Cupp ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-4056-4 ISBN-10: 0-7897-4056-7 Managing Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file. 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Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 Introducing vSphere 4 13 CHAPTER 2 Planning, Installing, and Configuring ESX/ESXi 4.1 31 CHAPTER 3 vNetworking Operations 59 CHAPTER 4 vStorage Operations 97 CHAPTER 5 Administration with vCenter 135 CHAPTER 6 Virtual Machine Operations 165 CHAPTER 7 vSphere Security and Web Access 199 CHAPTER 8 Managing vSphere Resources 213 CHAPTER 9 Monitoring vSphere Resources 239 CHAPTER 10 Backup and High Availability 255 VCP4 Practice Exam 281 Answers to VCP4 Practice Exam 299 ptg APPENDIX A Need to Know More? 317 Glossary 319 Index 327 Table of Contents Introduction. ............................................................................................... 1 About the VMware VCP Program . ..................................................... 1 About the VCP Exam. ......................................................................... 2 Exam Topics . ............................................................................. 3 The Ideal VCP Candidate . .................................................................. 7 How to Prepare for the Exam . ............................................................ 9 How to Use This Book and CD . ....................................................... 10 Chapter Format and Conventions . ............................................ 10 Additional Elements and CD . ................................................... 11 Onward, Through the Fog! . .............................................................. 11 CHAPTER 1: Introducing vSphere 4 . ............................................................................. 13 What Is Virtualization? . ..................................................................... 14 Why You Need Virtualization. ................................................... 15 Types of Virtualization . ............................................................ 15 ptg Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 17 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 17 Virtual Machine Overview . ................................................................ 18 Simulation and Emulation . ....................................................... 20 Virtual and Physical Machine Comparison . ............................... 21 Why vSphere 4?. ....................................................................... 22 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 23 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 23 vSphere 4 Suite . ................................................................................ 24 VMware View . ......................................................................... 26 VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager (SRM) . ...................... 26 VMware vCenter Lab Manager. ................................................. 27 What Is VMFS?. ....................................................................... 27 The VMkernel. ......................................................................... 27 The Service Console. ................................................................ 28 The vSphere Client . ................................................................ 28 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 29 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 29 From <www.wowebook.com> CHAPTER 2: Planning, Installing, and Configuring ESX/ESXi 4.1 . ................................. 31 ESX 4.1 Minimum Hardware Requirements . ...................................... 32 Disk Partitioning ESX 4.1 . ....................................................... 34 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 37 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 37 Installing ESX 4.1 and ESXi 4.1 . ....................................................... 38 Installing ESX 4.1 Using a CD-ROM . ...................................... 38 Installing ESXi 4.1 . .................................................................. 45 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 49 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 49 ESX 4.1 Post-Installation Configurations . .......................................... 50 Accessing ESX Using the vSphere Client . ................................. 51 Accessing ESX Using SSH. ....................................................... 52 Modifying Service Console Memory Allocation . ......................... 54 Configuring NTP Client on ESX Server . ................................. 54 Troubleshooting ESX 4.1 Installation . ........................................ 55 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 58 ptg Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 58 CHAPTER 3: vNetworking Operations . ......................................................................... 59 What Are Virtual Switches? . .............................................................. 60 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 63 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 63 Comparing Physical and Virtual Switches . .......................................... 64 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 66 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 66 Standard Virtual Switches (vSS) and Port Group Types . ...................... 67 Types of Virtual Switches. .......................................................... 68 Types of Virtual Switch Port Groups . ........................................ 70 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 74 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 74 VLANs in Virtual Networking . .......................................................... 75 Trunk Ports . ........................................................................... 76 802.1Q VLAN Tagging. ............................................................ 77 Private VLANs . ....................................................................... 78 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 79 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 79 From <www.wowebook.com> vi VCP4 Exam Cram: VMware Certified Professional, Second Edition Virtual Switch Policies . ..................................................................... 80 Virtual Switch Security . ............................................................ 81 Traffic Shaping . ....................................................................... 83 Physical Switch VLAN . ............................................................ 84 Port Blocking . ......................................................................... 84 NIC Teaming . ......................................................................... 84 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 88 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 88 vNetwork Distributed Switches. .......................................................... 89 Advantages of vDS . .................................................................. 90 vDS Components and Architecture . .......................................... 90 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 92 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 92 Networking Maximums. ..................................................................... 93 Cram Quiz . ............................................................................. 95 Cram Quiz Answers . ................................................................ 95 CHAPTER 4: vStorage Operations . ................................................................................ 97 ptg Storage in vSphere 4. ......................................................................... 98 Fiber Channel . ................................................................................ 100 FC SAN Architecture . ............................................................ 102 Masking . ................................................................................ 103 Zoning . .................................................................................. 104 FC Addressing . ....................................................................... 104 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 107 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 107 iSCSI . ............................................................................................. 108 iSCSI Addressing . .................................................................. 109 Software Initiator . .................................................................. 110 Hardware Initiator . ................................................................ 115 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 116 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 116 Network Attached Storage . .............................................................. 117 ESX Features on NFS Datastores . .......................................... 118 Configuring NFS Datastores . ................................................. 119 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 120 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 120 Virtual Machine File System . ............................................................ 121 From <www.wowebook.com> vii Contents Extending a VMFS . ................................................................ 123 Growing a VMFS . .................................................................. 124 Multipathing . ......................................................................... 124 Pluggable Storage Architecture . ............................................... 125 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 128 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 128 Thin Provisioning . ......................................................................... 129 Thin Provisioning in vSphere 4 . ............................................... 130 Thin . .................................................................................... 131 Thick (Zeroedthick) . .............................................................. 132 Eagerzeroedthick . .................................................................. 132 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 134 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 134 CHAPTER 5: Administration with vCenter . .................................................................. 135 Planning and Installing vCenter . ..................................................... 136 vCenter Blueprint. .................................................................. 137 ptg vCenter Preinstallation . .......................................................... 139 vCenter Database Design . ....................................................... 140 vCenter Installation. ................................................................ 142 vCenter Licensing . ................................................................ 145 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 149 Cram Quiz Answer . ................................................................ 149 Designing a Functional vCenter Inventory. ........................................ 150 Folders . .................................................................................. 151 Datacenters . ........................................................................... 151 Clusters . ................................................................................ 152 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 153 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 153 Administration with vCenter. ............................................................ 154 Linked Mode. ......................................................................... 155 vSphere Client Tabs . .............................................................. 155 Lockdown Mode . .................................................................. 159 Plug-ins . ................................................................................ 160 Client Settings . ....................................................................... 160 vCenter Maximums. ................................................................ 160 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 161 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 161 From <www.wowebook.com> viii VCP4 Exam Cram: VMware Certified Professional, Second Edition vCenter Server Backup and High Availability . ........................... 162 vCenter Heartbeat . ................................................................ 162 Clustering vCenter . ................................................................ 162 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 164 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 164 CHAPTER 6: Virtual Machine Operations . .................................................................. 165 Virtual Machine Defined . ................................................................ 166 Virtual Hardware . .................................................................. 167 Virtual Machine Files . ............................................................ 169 Virtual Machine Maximums . ................................................... 170 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 171 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 171 Creating a Virtual Machine . ............................................................ 172 Installing a Guest Operating System. ........................................ 173 Understanding VMware Tools. ................................................. 178 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 179 ptg Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 179 Understanding and Working with Templates . .................................... 180 Creating Templates . ................................................................ 181 Guest OS Customization . ....................................................... 182 Deploying Virtual Machines . ................................................... 183 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 185 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 185 Managing Virtual Machines, Virtual Appliances, and vApps. ................ 186 Cold Migration . ..................................................................... 187 What Are Snapshots? . ............................................................ 187 Deploying Virtual Appliances . ................................................. 188 What Is VMware vApp?. .......................................................... 188 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 190 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 190 Advanced VM Operations . .............................................................. 191 Using VMware vCenter Converter. .......................................... 192 Using vCenter Guided Consolidation . ...................................... 194 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 197 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 197 From <www.wowebook.com> ix Contents CHAPTER 7: vSphere Security and Web Access . ....................................................... 199 vSphere Security Model. .................................................................. 200 Users, Roles, Privileges, and Permissions. ................................. 201 Working with Roles . .............................................................. 201 Assigning Permissions . ............................................................ 203 vCenter Security. ..................................................................... 204 ESX Server Security . .............................................................. 205 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 206 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 206 Web Access . .................................................................................... 207 Web Access Minimum Requirements . ...................................... 209 Remote Console URL . ............................................................ 209 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 211 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 211 CHAPTER 8: Managing vSphere Resources . .............................................................. 213 VM CPU and Memory Management . ............................................... 214 ptg Using Resource Pools to Govern CPU/Memory Resources. ....... 217 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 219 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 219 vMotion and Storage vMotion . ....................................................... 220 vMotion . ................................................................................ 221 Storage vMotion. ..................................................................... 226 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 229 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 229 Distributed Resource Scheduler. ....................................................... 230 DRS Automation Process . ....................................................... 231 DRS Cluster Validity. .............................................................. 234 DRS Rules . ........................................................................... 234 VMware EVC . ....................................................................... 236 Cram Quiz . ........................................................................... 238 Cram Quiz Answers . .............................................................. 238 CHAPTER 9: Monitoring vSphere Resources . .............................................................. 239 Resource Optimization Concepts. ..................................................... 240 Virtual CPU . ......................................................................... 241 Virtual Memory . ..................................................................... 242 From <www.wowebook.com>