VAUGHANWILLIAMSONMUSIC This page intentionally left blank VAUGHAN WILLIAMS ON MUSIC Edited by David Manning 1 2008 3 OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurther OxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellence inresearch,scholarship,andeducation. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright#2008byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 www.oup.com OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData VaughanWilliams,Ralph,1872–1958. [Literaryworks.Selections] VaughanWilliamsonmusic/editedbyDavidManning. p.cm. Originallypublishedinvarioussources. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Contents:MusicallifeandEnglishmusic— Continentalcomposers—Folksong—Britishcomposers— ProgrammenotesonVaughanWilliams’smusic— Programmenotesonthemusicofothercomposers. ISBN978-0-19-518239-2 1. Music—Historyandcriticism. 1. Manning,David,1978– II. Title. ML60.V2852007 780.9—dc22 2006050654 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T the writings collected in this volume are reprinted with the permission of UrsulaVaughanWilliams andR.V.W.Limited.IthankUrsulaforthekindsup- portshehasshowntowardsthisproject,andacknowledgethehelpofHughCobbe asDirectorofR.V.W.Limitedinprocessingthepermissionrequest.Permissionto reprint Chapter 64, co-authored by Vaughan Williams and Bert Lloyd, is also granted byCaroline Clayton. Chapters 4, 13, 25, 28, 29, 34, 47, 49, 59, 66, 68 and 69 are reprinted with permission ofOxfordUniversityPress.Chapter7isreprintedwithpermission of the Royal College of Music. Chapter 21 is reproduced by kind permission of the GoverningBodyofCharterhouse.Chapter42isusedbypermissionoftheCityof BirminghamSymphonyOrchestra.Chapter46isreprintedwithpermissionfrom Encyclopædia Britannica, # 1929 by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Chapter 57 is reprinted with permission of the International Council for Traditional Music. Chapter 60 is reprinted with permission of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich.Chapter61isreprintedwithpermissionoftheMerlinPressLtd.Chapter 63 is used with permission of the Society for Ethnomusicology. Chapter 64 is reprinted with permission of the English Folk Dance & Song Society. Every rea- sonable attempt has been made to identify and contact the relevant copyright holdersfortheitemsinthiscollection.Theauthorwouldbepleasedtohearfrom any individualor organization he has beenunable to trace. AconstantsourceofreferenceduringthisprojectwasPeterStarbuck’svaluable dissertation, ‘Ralph Vaughan Williams, O.M., 1872–1958: A Bibliography of his LiteraryWritingsandCriticismofhisMusicalWorks’(ThesisforFellowshipofthe Music Library Association, 1967). An abridged version of this bibliography is reprintedinMichaelKennedy,ACatalogueoftheWorksofRalphVaughanWilliams (2nd edn, Oxford:OxfordUniversity Press, 1996),282–94. Helpful advice was received at the proposal stage from Alain Frogley and Byron Adams.Ithankthem forsharing with metheir considerableknowledgeof Vaughan Williams’s writings and music. At Oxford University Press, Kim Rob- insonandNormHirschyskilfullysupportedmefromfirstthoughtstothefinished book, andI amvery grateful fortheirpatient advice. vi acknowledgments CONTENTS Abbreviations xiii Chronologicallist ofcontents xv Introduction 3 Part i musical life and english music 1 The RomanticMovement and ItsResults 13 2 A School of English Music 17 3 The Soporific Finale 19 4 GoodTaste 23 5 ASermonto Vocalists 25 6 Preface to The English Hymnal 31 7 Who Wants the English Composer? 39 8 British Music 43 9 Gervase Elwes 57 10 Introduction to English Music 61 11 Elizabethan Music and theModern World 67 12 Sir Donald Tovey 71 13 A. H. Fox Strangways, AET. LXXX 73 14 MakingYour Own Music 75 15 Local Musicians 79 16 The Composerin Wartime 83 17 Introduction to NewsChronicle Musical Competition Festival forHM Forces 87 18 FirstPerformances 89 19 Art andOrganisation 91 20 ChoralSinging 93 21 Carthusian Music in the Eighties 95 22 Howland Medal Lecture 99 23 Preface to London Symphony 111 24 Introductionto The Art of Singing 113 25 Some Reminiscences of theEnglish Hymnal 115 26 Hands off theThird 119 Part ii continental composers 27 Palestrina and Beethoven 125 28 Bach andSchumann 129 29 The Wordsof Wagner’s Music Dramas 133 30 Brahms andTchaikovsky 153 31 Ein Heldenleben 159 32 TheRomantic in Music: Some Thoughts on Brahms 165 viii contents 33 Verdi:A Symposium 171 34 ArnoldSchoenberg (1874–1951) 173 35 Sibelius at90: Greatness and Popularity 175 Part iii folk song 36 Preface [to aFolkSongCollection] 181 37 Introduction to FolkSongs from the Eastern Counties 183 38 English Folk-Songs 185 39 Folk-Songin Chamber Music 201 40 DanceTunes 205 41 Sailor Shanties 215 42 How to Sing aFolk-Song 219 43 The Late Mr Frank Kidson 221 44 Lucy Broadwood: An Appreciation 223 45 Ella Mary Leather 227 46 Folk-Song 229 47 Cecil Sharp’s Accompaniments 233 48 ArthurSomervell 235 49 Cecil James Sharp(1859–1924) 237 50 Traditional Arts in theTwentieth Century 243 51 The Justification of Folk Song 247 52 Let Us Remember...Early Days 251 53 Preface [Celebratingthe Foundation of the Folk Song Society] 255 54 Lucy Broadwood, 1858–1929 257 55 Appeal onBehalf of theEnglish Folk Dance and Song Society 261 contents ix