Madrono, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 211-222, 2006 VASCULAR FLORA OF THE TENDERFOOT CREEK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, MONTANA Scott A. Mincemoyer' MT USES, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, 59807 Jennifer L. Birdsall' USES, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, MT Missoula, 59807 Abstract TenderfootCreekExperimental Forest(TCEF)issituated intheLittle Belt MountainsofMontana, 120 kmeast ofthe Continental Divide. TCEF iscomposed of3693 ha atelevations between 1840 and 2420 m and is dominated by lodgepole pine forest, which covers about 3366 ha, with interspersed floristically rich meadows. Our floristic inventory is based on collections and field observations made by Scott Mincemoyer during 1996-1999 and collections by Jennifer Birdsall during 2003-2005. We also include collections made by Earle Layser in 1992 and Jessica Fultz in 2002 2003. The vascular flora ofTCEF consists of312 species, representing 162 genera and 44 families. Twenty-seven exotic speciesoccurinTCEFincluding Centaureamaculosa, Chrysanthemimileucautliemum. Cirsiumarvense, and Tanacetum vidgarewhich are listed as noxious weeds in Montana. Phloxkelseyivar. missoulensis is found in the experimental forest and is listed as sensitive by the USDA Forest Service Northern Region. Key Words: Tenderfoot Creek, Little Belt Mountains, Montana, plant inventory, vascular flora. Tenderfoot Creek Experiinental Forest Climate (TCEF) was established in 1961 on the Lewis and Clark National Forest for the purpose of According to Schmidt and Friede (1996), watershed research. TCEF is situated 40 km due TCEF is dominated by a continental climate north of the town of White Sulfur Springs in influenced by the momumntainous topography. Meagher County, Montana in the Little Belt Rainfall mavmerages 880 with a range of 594 Mountains which are 120 km east of the Conti- to 1050 from the lowest to the highest nental Divide. TCEF is located at approximately elevations. Precipitation usuallympmeaks during 46"55'N latitude and 110°52'W longitude and the winter months at m10m0 to 125 per month includes portions of T13-14N, R6-7E. TCEF and averages 50 to 60 per month during July encompasses the headwaters of Tenderfoot through October. Temperatures can go below Creek, a west flowing tributary of the Smith freezingevery month ofthe year, thus the average River, and consists of 3693 ha at elevations growing season is fairly short. The season between 1840 and 2420 m (Schmidt and Friede averages a low of 30 to 45 days on the higher 1996). The watershed comprises seven subdrain- ridges and 45 to 75 days at lower elevations ages running north-south in a dendritic pattern (Schmidt and Friede 1996). (Barrett 1993). Included within TCEF is the Onion Park Research Natural Area (RNA) Geology and Soils which was established in 1991. Onion Park RNA comprises 474 ha dominated by a floristi- Schmidt and Friede (1996) describe TCEF as cally rich wet meadow complex in the upper characterized by igneous intrusive sills of quartz portion of the watershed (Layser 1992). The porphyry, Wolsey shales, Flathead quartzite, and RNA also includes surrounding forests and granite gneiss. The northern part of TCEF a majority of Quartzite Ridge (Fig. 1). Schmidt occupies the highest elevations and steepest and Friede (1996) details the climate, geology, upland topography and is underlain by igneous and soils ofTCEF. intrusive granitic rocks. The arched bedrock in the area was formed from metasediments of Cambrian Age consisting inainly ofargillites and quartzites. Glaciation has influenced the land- gra'Pmr,esMenotntaadndraessS:tatMeonLtibarnaary,Nat1u51r5alE.HerSiitxatgheAPvreo.-, fsotrrema,mspraoredubceignignnibnrgoatdo rbeagsaiinns ainwatwehri-ccharvtehde Helena, MT 59620. dendritic pattern. Tenderfoot Creek has carved -Author for correpondence, email: thelegume@ the deepest pattern and is entrenched in a steep hotmail.com canyon with prominent bedrock cliffs. The most MADRONO 212 [Vol. 53 2003decimation 14.25degreesE 46°54'0"N- Kilometers mapprojectionUTMZone12,NAD27 0.5 Location Map Map Elements Perennial Streams Existing Roads C3 Non-ForestAreas TCEFBoundary RFiogb. 1A.hl,LofcoartmieornlyanodfmtahepUoSfFTSe,ndeRrofcokotyCMroeuenktEaxipnerRiemseenatraclhFoSrteastti,onM,eaMigshseorulCao,unMtyT, M59o8n0t7anaan.d(Pnroewparaetdtbhye ! MT ! University of Montana, College ofForestry and Conservation, Missoula, 59812). extensive soil groups are the loamy skeletal, Plant Communities mixed Typic Cryochrepts and clayey, mixed j| Aquic Cryoboralfs. Rock talus slopes are prom- The study area falls within the subalpine orj! inent on the perimeter, but rock outcrops are Hudsonian life zone ofMerriam and is dominat-|i confined chiefly to areas adjacent to main stream ed by lodgepole pine, which covers about 3366jl channels. Grassland parks are prominent at the ha. Other habitats of considerable size includel; heads of the drainages. Soils in the parks range 125 ha of floristically-rich wet meadows and 54 : from well to poorly drained. Seeps and springs ha ofopen, grassy or rocky slopes (Schmidt and I are common. Friede 1996). Forested communities are domi- I — — 2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 213 nated by even-age lodgepole pine stands with low 4. Eriophor—um chamissonisiCarex spp. commu- species diversity. Late serai or more mesic stands nity type occurs in very wet sites, limited to may have a significant component of subalpine Onion Park and Sun Creek areas. Previously fir and/or Engelmann spruce in the understory or undescribed type in Montana (Layser 1992). overtopping the lodgepole pine. 5. Alopecurus alpinusiCarex spp. community — Five forested habitats described by Pfisteret at. type probably limited to Onion Park. Pre- (1977) account for the majority of the area in viously undescribed type in Montana (Layser TCEF. These five types in order of abundance 1992). are: 6. Deschampsia —cespitosalCarex spp. habitat type wet phase more mesic phase ofhabitat 1. Abies la—siocarpalVacciniuni scoparium habi- type. Undescribed phase of Deschampsia tat type occurs on most well-drained, mid cespitosalCarex spp. habitat type. to upper slopes. 7. Mertensia ci—liatalSenecio triangularis com- 2. Abies—lasioearpalVaccinium globulare habitat munity type minor type next to springs, type occurs on slopes at low to mid seeps and rivulets. Would now key to Senecio elevations. triangularis community type in Hansen et al. 3. Abies lasio—carpalCalamagrostis canadensis (1995). habitat type occurs on moist swales, slopes 8. Festuca idahoensisiAgropyro—n ccminumiMe- and draws. — lica spectabilis habitat type minor type in 4. Abies lasiocarpa Pinus—albicaulisiVaccinium Onion Park and probably elsewhere in scoparium habitat type limited mainly to TCEF. Previously undescribed type, but the ridge on the northeast border above would key to Festuca idahoensisiAgropyron 2380 m. — caninum habitat type in Meuggler & Stewart 5. ForestedScree occursmainlyalongQuartz- (1980). ite Ridge and on other slopes scattered 9. Care—x rostratalDeschampsia cespitosa habitat throughout the drainage. This may better be type occurs in wet areas adjacent to described as Abies lasiocarpa/scrQQ habitat streams or springs on in seeps. Described type in most ofthe study area. by Hansen et al. (1995). 10. Salix geyerilCarex rostrata habitat type In addition to the five types mentioned, twelve occurs adjacent to streams, springs, seeps grassland or riparian types have been mapped by and rivulets. Would now key to Salix Layser (1992) in Onion Park RNA. Most, if not drummondianalCarex rostrata habitat type all, of the non-forested sites in TCEF would fall in Hansen et al. (1995) into these vegetation types. However, the nomen- 11. Salix—geyerilCalamagrostis canadensis habitat clature of a few of the species that define the type occurs adjacent to streams, springs, types mapped by Layser is now considered out of seeps and rivulets. Would now key to Salix date. Agropyron caninum is called Elymus trachy- drummondianalCalamagrostis canadensis caulis in most newer floras, including Dorn habitat type in Hansen et al. (1995). (1984), and Carex utriculata is the updated name 12. Picea engelmc—mniilSalix spp.ICarex spp. com- for the taxa previously referred to as Carex munity type occurs adjacent to streams, rostrata throughout much of the west. The true springs, seeps and boggy areas. Would now Carex rostrata is a boreal species and is rare in key to Picea spp.ICalamagrostis canadensis Montana (Reznicek 1997). Types with either of community type in Hansen et al. (1995). these names could be relabeled with their currently accepted names, though we have retained the original nomenclature herein. The Development of Flora non-forested types mapped by Layser are: The flora is mainly based on collections and 1. Desc—hampsia cespitosalCarex spp. habitat field observations made in 1996-1999 by Scott A. type most common seasonal wetland type. Mincemoyer and 2003-2005 by Jennifer L. Bird- Described by Meuggler & Stewart (1980). sail. Collection dates in 1996 included time spans 2. Festuca ida—hoensisiDeschampsia cespitosa throughout the field season. 1997 collecting was habitat type common in drier areas than limited to June 23-26 and August 13 15. 1998 Deschampsia cespitosalCarex spp. ht. De- was limited to June 27-28 and August 8-9. 1999 scribed by Meuggler & Stewart (1980). was limited to July 13-15. 2003 was limited to 3. Festuca idahoensisiAgropyron caninum habi- July 28-30. 2004 was limited to August 17-19. tat type, Geranium viscosissimum phase 2005 was limited to August 23 25. Collections by more mesic than the typic phase, probably Earle F. Layser in August, 1992 in Onion Park limited in distribution to Onion Park and RNA are included in the flora as are collections Dry Park. Described by Meuggler & Stewart made by Jessica E. Fultz during the summers of (1980). 2002 and 2003. A search ofthe MRC herbarium 7 MADRONO 214 [Vol. 53 (Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Table 2. Largest Families of Tenderfoot Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT) for addi- Creek Experimental Forest Flora. tional specimens resulted in three vouchers collected by Frank A. Clark in 1914 and 1915 Family Species in Onion Park. Taxa previously reported for Asteraceae 57 TCEF or Onion Park RNA by others are not Poaceae 39 included in the main body of the flora since no Cyperaceae 19 voucher specimens were collected and some Rosaceae 16 Scrophulariaceae 16 reported taxa are believed to be outside of the Ericaceae 12 boundary of the experimental forest. However, these taxa are listed separately and their presence in TCEF should be sought and documented if possible. Floristic Affinities The ecology and floristic diversity of an area Floristic Summary may be better understood by looking at the The vascular flora of TCEF consists of 312 fflioorriastiocfaftfhineitiaerseaofitnhequsepsetciioens.coImnpsriighstisngitnhteo species, representing 162 genera and 44 families colonization events and migration patterns may (Tables 1-3). Twenty-seven exotic species occur also be gained by conducting analyses and on the experimental forest. These are: Arabis summaries of floristic affinities. A species is glabra, Artemisia absinthium, Bromus inermus, considered to have an affinity with a particular Carduusnutans, Centaureamaculosa. Chrysanthe- floristic province when its distribution largely mum leucanthemum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium corresponds with that particular region (Gleason vulgare, Dactylis glomerata, Filago arvensis, and Conquist 1964; Lesica 2002). TCEF itselfsits Lactuca serriola, Medicago lupulina, Melilotus near the boundary oftwo floristic provinces, the officinalis, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis. Poly- Cordilleran and the Great Plains (Grassland). gonum convolvulus, Rumex acetosella, Sonchus For the TCEF flora, we assigned species to the arvensis, Spergularia rubra, Tanacetum vulgare, floristic provinces described by Gleason and Taraxicum laevigatum, Taraxicum officinale, Cronquist (1964). The flora of TCEF is domi- Thlaspi arvense, Tragopogon dubius, Trifolium nated by species from two floristic provinces, the hybridum, Trifolium pratense, and Trifolium Boreal (Northern Conifer) and the Cordilleran. repens. The nativity oftwo species, Festuca rubra Approximately 47% of the species in the flora and Poa palustris, is uncertain. Centaurea macu- have a predominantly Cordilleran affinity and losa. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Cirsium 25% have a Boreal affinity. This is not un- arvense, and Tanacetum vulgare are listed as expected for an area such as TCEF, which occurs noxious weeds by the Montana Department of within the Cordilleran province at moderate to Agriculture. Their distributions in TCEF are high elevations of the Northern Rocky Moun- limited to a few scattered individuals or small tains and is dominated by subalpine conifer clumps mainly along roads and in meadows forests. Of the remaining species, the majority adjacent to roads. Phlox kelseyi var. missoulensis are widely distributed across two ormore fioristic is the only documented rare species in TCEF and regions and cannot be assigned to a specific is listed by the USDA Forest Service Northern province (18% are classified as widespread). Region as a sensitive plant and by the Montana Although elevations in the study area are not Natural Heritage Program as a Species of high enough to support an alpine life zone, a few Concern in the state. This study, though attempt- meadows and exposed areas have conditions ing to be comprehensive, almost certainly has similar enough to alpine zones to support a few missed taxa that occur within the study area, and species from the Arctic-alpine province. Six several small meadows and openings remain species or roughly 2% of the flora fall into this basically unsurveyed. category, including Poa alpina and Sibbaldia Table 3. Largest Generaof Tenderfoot Creek Table SummaryofTenderfootCreekExperi- Experimental Forest Flora. 1. mental Forest Flora. Genera Species Taxon Families Genera Species Carex 1 Ferns and fern allies 3 6 6 Poa 8 Pinophyta 2 5 9 Salix 8 Magnoliopsida 34 115 211 Juncus 1 Liliopsida 5 36 86 Aster 6 Totals 44 162 312 Erigeron 6 2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 215 procumhens. The remaining 8% of species are Layser, E. 1992. Onion Park Research Natural Area: exotic to North America and do not fall into one botanical and ecological resources inventory, map- of the floristic provinces. Many of the exotics ping and analysis. Unpublished report, contract #43.84M8-2- 0705. U.S. Department of Agricul- were not collected during surveys in the 1990s but ture, Forest Service, Lewis and Clark National were observed in the 2003-2005 surveys, mainly Forest. along roads and in meadows adjacent to roads. Lesica, P. 2002. A fiora of Glacier National Park, Introductions of these species may be arising Montana. Oregon State UniversityPress, Corvallis, from increased human activity in the area. OR. Currently, these exotics are a small component Mantas, M. 1999. Vascular plant checklist for the of the flora in terms of their area of extent and Flathead National Forest, Montana. Unpublished their contribution to floristic diversity. In com- report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest parison, the percent ofthe TCEF flora composed Service, Flathead National Forest, Kalispell, MT. Mueggler, W. F. and W. L. Stewart. 1980. ofexotics is slightly less but similar to the percent Grassland and shrubland habitat types ofWestern of exotics found in two other recent Montana Montana. General Technical Report INT-66. U.S. floras from Flathead National Forest and Glacier Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Inter- National Park which cover larger and more mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, diverse areas (Lesica 2002; Mantas 1999). No Ogden, UT. specieswith Great Plainsaffinities occurin TCEF Palmer, M. W., G. L. Wade, and P. Nlal. 1995. probably because ofthe relatively high elevations Standards for the writing of fioras. Bioscience of the study area. Species with Great Plains 45:339-345. affinities do occur along the lower slopes of the Pfister, R. D., B. L. Kovalchik, S. F. Arno, and R. C. Presby. 1977. Forest habitat types of Little Belt Mountains. Montana. General Technical Report INT-34. Acknowledgments U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment, We would like to thank Dr. Matt Lavin and Cathy Station, Ogden, UT. Seibert at MONT for their assistance verifying collec- Reznicek, a. a. 1997. The true Carex rostrctta in the tions by Earle Layser; Rob Ahl for producing the American Rockies. Sage Notes 19:11-13. included map; Peter Lesica for providing data and Schmidt, W. C, J. L. Friede, and Compilers. 1996. assistance on assignment of floristic provinces; and Experimental forests, ranges and watersheds in the Colin Hardy and Cameron Johnston at the USES, Northern Rocky, Mountains: a compendium of Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences outdoorlaboratoriesin Utah, Idahoand Montana. Laboratory for granting the time to collect and process General Technical Report INT-GTR 334. U.S. specimens. Finally, we give special thanks to Peter Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Inter- Stickney of MRC for assistance and guidance on all mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT. aspects of this project including identification of diffi- cult taxa, specimen curation and review ofearly drafts. Appendix I Literature Cited Annotated Checklist Barrett, S. W. 1993. FirehistoryofTenderfootCreek Experimental Forest, Lewis and Clark National The checklist is arranged by division and class, then Forest. Unpublished report of Research Joint alphabetically by family and species. Nomenclature Venture Agreement INT-92679 on file at: U. S. generally follows Dorn (1984). Common names are Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, Rocky generally from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973). Exotic Mountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire speciesarepreceded byan asterix (*). Festucarubraand Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. Poapainstris are preceded by double astrices (**) since DORN, R. D. 1984. Vascular plants of Montana. their nativity is uncertain. Geographic abundance is Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY. included in the checklist using the following scale Gleason, H. a. and a. Cronquist. 1964. The suggested by—Palmer, Wade and Neal (1995): natural geography ofplants. Columbia University Abundant Dominant or codominant in one or Press, New York, NY. more comm—on habitats. Hansen, P. L., R. D. Pfister, K. Boggs, B. J. Cook, Frequent Easily found in one or more common J. Joy, and D. K. Hinckley. 1995. Classification habitats, but—not dominant in any common habitat. and management of Montana's riparian and Occasional Widely scattered, but not difficult to wetland sites. Miscellaneous Publication 54. Uni- find. — versity of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Infrequent Difficult to find with few individuals or Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, colonies—, but found in several locations. Missoula, MT. Rare Very difficult to find and limited to one or Henderson, D. M., R. K. Moseley, and A. F. very few locations. Cholewa. 1990. A newAgoseris(Asteraceae)from In conjunction with an abundance category, the Idaho and Montana. Systematic Botany 15: generalized habitats in which a species usually occurs 462-465. are provided. Specific locations are provided for some Hitchcock, C. L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of species when they are only known to occur in one or the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. two distinct areas. Collection numbers, listed at theend University ofWashington Press, Seattle, WA. ofeach entry, are Scott Mincemoyer's unless otherwise . . . MADRONO 216 [Vol. 53 noted. Mincemoyer's collections are deposited at the Heracleum sphondylium L. cow-parsnip. Infrequent, MRC herbarium (Rocky Mountain Research Station, Streambanks with deep, rich soils. i Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT) with Lomatium cous (Wats) Coult. & Rose, cous biscuitroot. [ MONT some duplicates deposited at the herbarium Infrequent. Dry Park and possibly in other dry '| (Montana State University, Bozeman, MT). Taxa meadows. 92, 278. lacking collection numbers were identified by Scott Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Math. & Cronst. fern- Mincemoyer during field observations. Collections by leaved lomatium. Rare. Steep, south slope near Jennifer Birdsall are denoted by the initials JLB bottom ofdrainage. 216. followed by a collection number and are on file at Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, nine-leaf MRC. Collections by Earle Layser are distinquishedby lomatium. Rare. Lower portion of drainage along Layser followed by a collection number and are roadside. 253. deposited at MONT. Collections by Jessica Fultz are Osmorhiza chilensis H. & A. mountain sweet-cicely, distinquishedbyTCEFfollowedbyacollectionnumber Occasional. Moist forests. 106. i and are deposited at MONT. Some additional speci- Osmorhizaoccidentalis(Nutt. ExT. &G.)Torr.western j mensandduplicatesarealso includedandareidentified sweet-cicely. Infrequent. Riparian forests. 271. \ as such. Perideridia gairdneri (H. & A.) Mathias. Gairdner's Division Equisetophyta yampah. Infrequent. Vernally moist meadows. 18. Equisetaceae Equisetimi arvense L. common horsetail. Infrequent. Apocynaceae Wet meadows and streambanks. 245. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. spreading dogbane. Division Pterophyta Rare. Steep, south slope near bottom of drainage, i 344. Polypodiaceae Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. Lady fern. Rare. Asteraceae j Passionate Creek. 403. Achillea millefolium L. common yarrow. Occasional. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. rock-brake. Rare. Meadows and drier slopes. 301. Rocky slopes. Quartzite Ridge. Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene, orange agoseris. CysItnofprteeqruiesntf.ragRiloicsky(L.)sloBpeers,nh.crebvraitstslees balnadddesrtrfeearmn-. Infrequent. Roadsides and drier meadows. 70, 118, 309. banks. 27, 65. Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton, woodsia. Rare. Rocky Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. pale agoseris. Occasional. Meadows. 16, 42. slopes. 336. Agoseris lackschewitzii Henderson & Mosely. pink Selaginellaceae agoseris. Rare. Wet meadows. Species described in SeltaogipnealbloavedegnrsaaveRlpyidtb..29s6e.laginella. Rare. Open ridge- AnaHpehnadliesrsmoanrgeatr.iatla.c(e1a99(0L)..) B. & H. pearly everlasting. Occasional. Roadsides. 52. Division Pinophyta Antennaria anaphaloides Rydb. tall pussy-toes. Rare. Cupressaceae Open ridgetop above gravelpit. 307. Juniperus communis L. common juniper. Occasional. Antennaria corymbosa E. Nels. meadow pussy-toes. Upland forests. 264. Rare. Wet meadows; Sun Creek area. 722; Layser Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mtn. juniper. Rare. 3289, 3337. ' Steep, south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 337. Antqeunennatr.iaDrmyicrmoepahdyollwas.Ry3d05b,. 4r1o9sy{Ap.ussryo-steoaeso.fIsnofrmee- \\ \ Pinaceae authors). i Abieslasiocarpa(Hook.)Nutt. subalpinefir. Abundant. Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Nuttall's pussy-toes. Rare. Picea engelmannii Parry. Engelmann spruce. Frequent. Open slope just west of Passionate Creek. 366 (MONT). Most habitats except drier slopes. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. whitebark pine. Frequent. Antennaria racemosa Hook, woods pussey-toes. Fre- Matureindividualsathigherelevationsand scattered quent. Upland forests. 21; Clark36. seedlings and saplings elsewhere. Arnica cordifolia Hook, heartleaf arnica. Infrequent. Pinus contorta Dougl. lodgepole pine. Abundant. Upland forests, more common at lower elevations. Pinus flexilis James, limber pine. Rare. Steep, south Arnica latifolia Bong, mountain arnica. Abundant. slope near bottom ofdrainage. 350. Upland forests and open slopes. 321 Pimis ponderosa Dougl. ponderosa pine. Rare. Steep, Arnica mollis Hook, hairy arnica. Infrequent. Wet south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 349. meadows and streamsides. Layser 3297. \ Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. Douglas-fir. Arnica rydbergii Greene. Rydberg's arnica. Frequent. Rare. Scattered individuals in lower elevations. Upland forests; Sun Creek area. TCEF 004 (MONT). Division Magnoliophyta Artemisia absinthium L. wormwood. Infrequent. Class Magnoliopsida Roadsides. JLB25. Aceraceae Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. gray sagewort. Rare. Steep, Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain maple. Rare. south slope near bottom of drainage. 348 (MRC, \ Lower portion ofdrainage. 251 Dupl. MONT). ; Aster ciliolatus Lindl. Lindley aster. Rare. Steep, south j Apiaceae slope near bottom ofdrainage. 351 ; Angelica arguta Nutt. Lyalfs angelica. Occasional. Aster conspicuus Lindl. showy aster. Infrequent. Ten- ! Streambanks with deep, rich soils. derfoot Creek. 365. . 2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 217 Aster foliaceus Lindl. leafy aster. Infrequent. Moist Senecio triangukiris Hook, arrowleaf groundsel. Fre- meadows and streamsides. 56. quent. Riparian forests, wet meadows and stream- Aster hesperius Gray, western willow aster. Frequent. sides. Stream banks and meadows; Sun Creek area. TCEF Solidago canadensis L. Canada goldenrod. Rare. Lower 006 (MONT). portion ofTenderfoot Creek. 405. Aster integrifolius Nutt. thick-stemmed aster. Frequent. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri goldenrod. In- Dry meadows; Onion Park. TCEF008 (MONT). frequent. Steep, south slopenearbottomofdrainage. Aster meritiis A. Nels. arctic aster. Frequent. Open, 345 (MRC, Dupl MONT). upland forests. 81, 83. 127. Solidago multiradiata Ait. northern goldenrod. Infre- Aster nwdestus Lindl. few-flowered aster. Rare. Lower quent. Dry meadows and open slopes. 15. 316 portion ofTenderfoot Creek. 358. (MONT). Aster oecidentalis (Nutt.) T. & G. western aster. ^Sonchusarvensis L. perennial sow-thistle. Rare. Road- Frequent. Moist meadows and moist, open forests. sides. JLB27. 43. 75. 137. 313 (MONT), 327 (MONT); Layser *Tcmacetum vulgare L. common tansy. Rare. Road- 3288. 3302. sides. JLB 16. ^Carduus nutans L. musk thistle. Rare. Roadsides. JLB *Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. red-seeded dan- 17. delion. Rare. Roadsides. *Centaurea niaeulosa Lam. spotted knapweed. Rare. *Taraxacum officinale Weber, common dandelion. Roadsides. JLB 9. Occasional. Meadows and roadsides. Chaenaetisdouglasii(Hook.) H. & A. hoary chaenactis. *Tragopogon duhius Scop, yellow salsify. Rare. Steep, Rare. Lower portion ofdrainage along road. south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 341 *Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. oxeye-daisy. Infre- quent. Roadsides. JLB 6. Berberidaceae *Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle. Infrequent. Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don. creeping Oregon- Roadsides and meadows. grape. Infrequent. Forests and open areas in lower Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. Hooker's thistle. Occasion- portion ofdrainage. 263. al. Meadows. Betulaceae *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore. bull thistle. Infrequent. Roadsides. JLB 5. Alnus viridis(Vill.) Lam. & DC. Sitka alder. Infrequent. Crepis runcinata (James) T. & G. meadow hawksbeard. Streamsidesinlowerportionofdrainage.247(MRC, Rare. Dry Park. 423. Dupl. MONT). Erigeron eompositus Pursh. cutleaf daisy. Infrequent. Rocky slopes and outcrops in lower portion of Boraginaceae drainage. 64, 266. Mertensia cilicita (James ex. Torr.) G. Don. mountain Erigeron ochroleucus Nutt. buff fleabane. Rare. Open bluebell. Occasional. Streamsides and wet meadows. ridgetop above gravelpit. 297. 250. Erigeronperegrinus (Pursh) Greene. Occasional. Onion Mertensia ohlongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don. leafy bluebells. Park area. Clark 55. Frequent. Meadows; Onion Park. TCEF 002 Erigeron simplexGreene, alpine daisy. Rare. Meadows. (MONT). 132. Mertensia viridis (A. Nels.) A. Nels. green bluebells. Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. showy fleabane. In- Rare. Infrequent. Meadows; Onion Park area. frequent. Lower portion ofdrainage. 352 (MONT), 229. 357 (MONT). Erigeron ursinus DC. Eat. Bear River fleabane. Rare. Brassicaceae Meadows; Stringer Creek area. 422. Arabis confinis Wats, spreading pod rockcress. Rare. *Filago arvensis L. filago. Rare. Along Road 586 west Open areas in lower portion of drainage. 272 ofBubbling Springs. 401. (MONT). Heterotheca vi/losa (Pursh) Shinners. hairy goldaster. Arahis drummondii Gray. Drummond's rockcress. In- Rare. Roadsides. JLB26. frequent. Meadows. Hieracium a/hi/lorum Hook, white-flowered hawkweed. "^Arahis glabra (L.) Bernh. towermustard. Rare. Mea- Frequent. Upland forests. 367; Layser 3316. dows; Onion Park area. 78. Hieracium cynogk)ssoides Arv.-Touv. hounds-tongue Arabisnuttallii Robins. Nuttalfs rockcress. Occasional. hawkweed. Infrequent. Open forestsin lowerportion Meadows and open slopes. 275. ofdrainage. 361 (MRC, Dupl. MONT). Barharea orthoceras Ledeb. wintercress. Infrequent. Hieracium gracile Hook, slender hawkweed. Frequent. Moist meadows and streamsides. 44. Upland forests, more common with increasing Cardamine breweri Wats. Brewer's bittercress. Infre- elevation. Layser 3317. quent. Wet meadows and streamsides. Layser 3296, *Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce. Rare. Logged area. 3330. JLB27. Draba stenoloba Ledeb. slender draba. Occasional. Microserisnutans (Geyerex. Hook.) Schultz-Bip. Rare. Open areas in meadows and along streams. 93. Dry meadows; Stringer Creek area. 420. Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bessey. western yellow- Nothocakiis nigrescens (Henderson) Heller, black-hairy cress. Rare. Vernally inundated depressions in nothocalais. Occasional. Dry meadows. 97. meadows; one collection from small meadow east Senecio pseudaureus Rydb. streambank butterweed. ofSpring Park. 104. Infrequent. Streamsides. 138; Layser3284. 3308. *Thlaspiarvense L. field pennycress. Infrequent. Road- Senecio sphaerocephahis Greene, mt-marsh butterweed. sides. JLB28. Infrequent. Meadows and roadsides. 79, 109; Layser Thlaspimontanum L. Fendler's pennycress. Infrequent. 3282. Meadows. 31. 234. I MADRONO 218 [Vol. 53 Campanulaceae Astragalus bourgovii Gray. Bourgeau's milkvetch. Campanula rotimdifolia L. lady's thimble. Occasional. Occassional. Meadows: gullies and along tree lines; 'i Meadows. 314. Spring Park area. TCEF005 (MONT). ' Hedysarum occidentale Greene, western hedysarum. Caprifoliaceae Rare. Lower portion of Tenderfoot Creek. 252, Linnaea horealis L. twinflower. Rare. Moist forests. 74. 369. Lonicera utahemis Wats. Utah honeysuckle. Occasion- Lupinus argenteus Pursh. silvery lupine. Abundant. al. Forests and riparian areas. Forests. Samhucus racemosa L. elderberry. Infrequent. Forests; *Medicago lupulina L. black medic. Rare. Roadsides. heavily browsed by deer and elk. 244. JLB 8. *Melilotusofficinalis(L.) Pallas, common yellow sweet- Caryophyllaceae clover. Rare. Disturbed site near flume in gravel. Arenaria congesta Nutt. var. lithophila Rydb. ballhead JLB20. sandwort. Infrequent. Rocky slopes. 53, 329 Oxytropis cusickiiGreenm. Rare. Open ridgetop above I (MONT) (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973). gravelpit. 276. I Arenaria lateriflora L. Bluntleaf sandwort. Infrequent. *Trifolium hybridum L. alsike clover. Occasional. Meadows; Onion Park area. 223. Roadsides. JLB24. Cerastium arvense L. field chickweed. Infrequent. Trifolium longipes Nutt. long-stalked clover. Occasion- Meadows; Onion Park area. 141, 246. al. Moist meadows and forest openings. 233. Silene parryi (Wats.) Hitchc. & Mag. Parry's silene. "^Trifolium pratense L. red clover. Infrequent. Road- Infrequent. Dry meadows. 310 (MRC, Dupl. sides. JLB22. MONT). *Trifolium repens L. white clover. Rare. Meadows and *Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & K. Presl. red sandspurry. roadsides. Rare. Dry meadows and roadsides. 124. Stellaria crispa Cham. & Schlecht. crisped starwort. Gentianaceae Rare. Moist depressions offorests. 58. Frasera speciosa Dougl. giant frasera. Rare. Dry Park. Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. long-leaved star- Gentiana affinis Griseb. pleated gentian. Rare. Moist wort. Infrequent. Meadows; OnionParkarea. Lavser meadows. 128; Layser3324. 3323. Stellariasitehana Steud. northern starwort. Rare. Moist Geraniaceae depressions offorests. 40. Geranium bicknellii Britt. Bicknell's geranium. Rare. Crassulaceae Dry meadows; Sun Creek and Onion Park. TCEF 003 (MONT). Sedum lanceolatum Torr. lanceleaf stonecrop. Rare. Geranium richardsoniiFisch. &Trautv. whitegeranium. Dry meadows and rocky slopes. 277, 294. Frequent. Moist to wet meadows and streamsides. Ericaceae 95, 261 (MONT). Geranium viscosissimum F. & M. sticky geranium. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. kinnikinnick. In- Occasional. Meadows. frequent. Dry, south-facing slopes. 364. Cliimaphilawnbellata(L.) Bart, prince'spine. Frequent. Grossulariaceae Upland forests. Hypopitys monotropa Crantz. pinesap. Rare. Upland Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. black gooseberry. Occasion- al. Forests, rocky slopes and open areas along Ledfourmestsg.landulosum Nutt. Labrador-tea. Rare. Wet streams. | meadows associated with Sphagnum spp.; upper Ribes viscosissimum Pursh. sticky currant. Occasional. portion ofSun Creek. Rocky slopes and open areas along road paralleling Pyrola asarifolia Michx. pink wintergreen. Rare. Moist Tenderfoot Creek. 262. forests; Onion Park area. 362; Layser 3287. Hydrophyllaceae Pyrola chlorantha Sw. green wintergreen. Occasional. Upland forests. PhacelialiastataDougl. silverleafphacelia. Rare. Steep, Pyrola minor L. lesser wintergreen. Rare. Forests. 133, south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 340. Py'r4o0l0a(sMeOcuNnTd)a.L. one-sided wintergreen. Occasional. PhaSccerleieaslsoepriecaeappr(oGxr.abV.a)mGilreayS,EsoiflkDyryphPaacrelkiaa.ndRNareo.f Upland forests. Road 839. 333 (MRC, Dupl. MONT). Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. dwarf huckleberry. In- Lamiaceae frequent. Forests. Layser 3299. Vaecinium globulare Rydb. globe huckleberry. Fre- Prunella vulgarisL. self-heal. Rare. Meadowsandforest quent. Moist forests; plants are diminutive in stature edges; west edge ofOnion Park. 117. I throughout TCEF. 242, 283, 368. j Onagraceae Vaeeinium myrtillus L. dwarf billberry. Abundant. Upland forests. Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. alpine willow-herb. Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg. grouse whortleberry. Infrequent. Wet meadows and streamsides. 112, 308 Abundant. Upland forests. (MRC, Dupl. MONT); Layser3321, 3332. Epilobium angustifolium L. fireweed. Occasional. Road- Fabaceae sides and open forests. Astragalus alpinus L. alpine milkvetch. Occasional. Epilobium ciliatum Raf. common willow-herb. Fre- Forest openings and rocky areas. 39, 240 (MONT), quent. Streamsides and wet meadows. 41; Layser 421, 425 (MONT). 3322, 3327. \ 2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 219 Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. ex T. «& G. tall annual Fragaria virginiana Duchesne, blueleaf strawberry. willow-herb. Rare. Steep, south slopenearbottom of Frequent. Forest openings, meadows and roadsides. drainage. 339. 265. Geum macrophyllum Willd. large-leaved avens. Infre- Plantaginaceae quent. Moist to wet meadows. PlantagomajorL. common plantain. Infrequent. Road- Geum rivcde L. water avens. Rare. Moist to wet sides. JLB 18. meadows; Onion Park. TCEF007 (MONT). Geum triflorum Pursh. prairie smoke. Infrequent. Drier Polemoniaceae meadows; Onion and Dry Parks. 279. CoUomia linearisNutt. narrow-leafcollomia. Occasion- Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. diverse-leaved cinquefoil. al. Dry meadows and rocky slopes. Frequent. Meadows, moist forests and streamsides. Phlox kelseyi Britt. var. missoulensis (Wherry) Cronq. 231. Missoula phlox. Rare. Open ridgetop above gravel- Potentillaglandulosa Lindl. sticky cinquefoil. Occasion- pit. 280; Hitchcock & Muhlick 12311 (RM) (Hitch- al. Rocky slopes along lower portion ofTenderfoot cock and Crounquist 1973). Creek. 63, 269. Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook, skunk-leaved pole- Potentilla gracilis Dougl. soft cinquefoil. Occasional, monium. Infrequent. Dry, open areas. 88. meadows and forest openings. 119. Prunuspensylvanica L. f. pin cherry. Rare. Steep, south Polygonaceae slope near bottom ofdrainage. 343. Eriogonumflcivum Nutt. yellow buckwheat. Rare. Scree Prunus virginiana L. commonchokecherry. Rare. Steep, slope approx. Va mile SE ofDryParkand NofRoad south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 342. 839. 328 (MONT). Rosa acicularis Lindl. prickly rose. Infrequent. Lower Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. sulfur buckwheat. Rare. portion ofTenderfoot Creek. 86, 254, 347 (MONT). Open ridgetop above gravelpit. 298. Rubus idaeus L. red raspberry. Occasional. Scree slopes Polygonum bistortoides Pursh. American bistort. Fre- and rocky areas; Quartzite Ridge. quent. Wet meadows. 108, 225 (MONT). Rubusparviflorus Nutt. thimbleberry. Rare. Passionate ^Polygonum convolvulus L. black bindweed. Rare. Creek. 402. Roadsides. JLB 11. Sibbaldiaprocumbens L. creeping sibbaldia. Infrequent. Polygonum douglasii Greene. Douglas's knotweed. In- Roadsides and other exposed areas. 50. frequent. Meadows and dry, open areas. 103, 302 Sorbus scopulina Greene. Cascade mountain ash. Rare. (MONT); Layser 3325. Upland forests; one individual found on north slope. *Rumex acetosella L. sheep sorrel. Infrequent. Road- 59. sides. JLB 19. Spiraea betulifolia Pall, shiny-leaf spirea. Frequent. Rumex paucifolius Nutt. mountain sorrel. Infrequent. Upland forests. Meadows; Onion Park. 317; Layser 3285; Clark 37. Rubiaceae Portulaceae Galium boreale L. northern bedstraw. Occasional. Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. western springbeauty. Meadows and partially shaded streambanks. 24. Frequent. Forests at higher elevations. 94. Gcdiuni triflorum Michx. sweet-scented bedstraw. Rare. Moist areas in lower portion of drainage. 359 Primulaceae (MONT). Androsace septentrioncdis L. northern androsace. In- frequent. Barren areas along streams and in mea- Salicaceae dows. 101. Populus balsamifera L. spp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray, Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merrill, few-flowered ex Hook.) Brayshaw. black cottonwood. Rare. One shooting star. Frequent. Meadows. 84, 105, 226 individual found along lower portion ofTenderfoot (MONT), 274. Creek. 215. Populus tremuloides Michx. quaking aspen. Infrequent. Ranunculaceae Lower portion ofdrainage on rocky slopes. 338. Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. baneberry. Rare. Shaded Salix barclayi Anderrs. Barclay's willow. Frequent. streambanks. 273. Streamsides and wet meadows along rivulets. 89, Delphiniun bicolor Nutt. low larkspur. Rare. Meadows; 113; Layser 3283, 3315. Onion Park. Scdixbebbiana Sarg. Bebb willow. Rare. Lower portion Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schlecht. subalpine buttercup. ofdrainage. 255 (MRC, Dupl. MONT), 256. Rare. Rivulets in wet meadows; Onion Park. 236. Salix boothii Dorn. Booth's willow. Occasional. Lower Ranunculus inamoenus Greene, unlovely buttercup. portion of drainage along Tenderfoot Creek. 243, Infrequent. Streamsides and wet meadows. 96, 418. 257, 376, 379 (MRC, Dupl. MONT). Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don. little Salix drummondiana Barratt. Drummond willow. Fre- buttercup. Infrequent. Streamsides and wet mea- quent. Streamsides and wet meadows along rivulets. dows. 97. 30, 377 (MONT); Layser 3303, 3320. Thalictrum occidentale Gray, western meadowrue. Salix geyeriana Anderss. Geyer's willow. Infrequent. Frequent. Moist forests. 232. Lower portion ofdrainage along Tenderfoot Creek. Trollius laxus Salisb. American globeflower. Abundant. 388. Openings ofmoist forests and wet meadows. 237. Salix lasiandra Benth. Pacific willow. Rare. Lower portion ofdrainage along Tenderfoot Creek. 404. Rosaceae SalixmelanopsisNutt. Infrequent, duskywillow. Lower Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. serviceberry. Rare. Lower portion of drainage along Tenderfoot Creek. 389, portion ofdrainage. 249. 390. . MADRONO 220 [Vol. 53 Salix scouleriana Barratt. Scouler willow. Occasional. Valerianaceae Lower portion ofdrainage along Tenderfoot Creek Valeriana dioiea L. northern valerian. Infrequent. and in forest openings. 378 (MONT), 387 (MRC, Meadows. Ill, 224 (MONT). Dupl. MONT). Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Sitka valerian. Frequent. Saxifragaceae Moist forests and meadows. Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook, roundleaf alum- Violaceae root. Occasional. Dry, rocky slopes. 346. Viola maeloskeyi Lloyd, small white violet. Rare. Lithophragma glabriim Nutt. bulbiferous fringecup. Streambanks and wet meadows. 98. Occasional. Wet meadows and streamsides. 107. Viola nuttallii Pursh. Nuttall's violet. Rare. Stream- Mitellapeiitcmdra Hook, alpine mitrewort. Occasional. banks and wet meadows. 99. Shaded streambanks. 130, 270 (MONT). Viola orbieulata Geyer ex Holz. round-leaved violet. Mitella trifida Grab. Threeparted mitrewort. Rare. Abundant. Forests. Moist forests. 424. Parnassiafimbriata Koenig. fringed grass ofparnassus. Class Liliopsida Occasional. Streambanks and wet meadows. 25. Cyperaceae Saxifraga occidentalis Wats, western saxifrage. Infre- Carex atrata L. blackened sedge. Infrequent. Wet quent. Meadows; Onion Park. 100. meadows. 135. SaxifragaodontoloniaPiper, brook saxifrage. Occasion- Carexcaneseens L. graysedge. Rare. Wetmeadows. 46. al. Shaded streambanks. Carex eoneinnoides Mack, northwest sedge. Infrequent. Saxifraga oregana Howell. Oregon saxifrage. Occasion- Dry forests. al. Moist meadows. 230. CarexdispermaDewey, soft-leavedsedge. Rare. Shaded streambanks and moist, forest edges. 125. Scrophulariaceae CarexfoeneaWilld. dryspike sedge. Uncommon. Moist Besseya wyomingensis (A. Nels.) Rydb. Wyoming openings; lower portion ofdrainage. 374. besseya. Rare. Open ridgetop above gravelpit. 282. Carex geyeri Boott. elk sedge. Abundant. Upland Castilleja cusickii Greenm. Cusick's paintbrush. In- forests. 228. frequent. Dry meadows; Dry Park and Onion Park. Carex hoodii Boott. Hood's sedge. Occasional. Moist 29, 131; Layser 3298. openings; lower portion ofdrainage. 375. Castilleja miniata Dougl. scarlet paintbrush. Occasion- Carex lentieularis Michx. lakeshore sedge. Infrequent. al. Meadows and streambanks. Moist openings; lower portion ofdrainage. 73, 373. Colliusia parviflora Lindl. blue-eyed mary. Infrequent. Carexmieroptera Mack, small-winged sedge. Frequent. Vernally moist slopes and meadows. Meadows. 23, 80, 85, 136, 318 (MONT), 320 (MONT). Mimulus guttatus DC. yellow monkey-flower. Rare. Streambanks. Carex murieata L. muricate sedge. Infrequent. Wet Mimquuelnuts. lSetn'riseiaimbPuarnskhs. aLnedwispa'rtmiaolnlkyeys-hfaldoewdere.dgIensfroe-f Carmeexadnoowrsve.gi7e7a. Retz. Scandinavian sedge. Rare. Wet wet meadows; primarily around Sun Creek. meadows; Onion Park. Layser 3319. Carexphaeoeephala Piper, dunhead sedge. Rare. SE of Pedicularis braeteosa Benth. bracted lousewort. In- frequent. Upper elevation forests and wet meadows. Dry Parkjust below scree slope. 330. Carex raynoldsii Dewey. Raynold's sedge. Occasional. PedRiaerulea.riUspepoeurtoerlteavBateinotnh.fowrheisttse.coiled-beaklousewort. MMoOiNsTt)t,o3w1e2t(mMeOaNdTo)ws.. 120, 300 (MRC & Dupl. j Pedieularis groenlandica Retz. pink elephant's head. \ Infrequent. Wet meadows. 326. Caroepexnirnogsssi.i25B8oot(tM.RCR,ossD'upls.edMgeO.NTIn)f,re3qu3e2nt(.MOFNoTre)s,t i Pedieularisparryi Gray. Parry's lousewort. Rare. Open Carex seirpoidea Michx. var. pseudoseirpoidea (Rydb.) j ridgetop above gravelpit. 281 Cronq. single-spike sedge. Rare. Rocky slopes and Pedieularis raeemosa Dougl. sickletop lousewort. In- meadows. 110, 304. frequent. Forests. (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973). Pensteinon attenuatus Dougl. var. pseudoproeerus Carex seopulorum Holm var. prionophylla (Holm) ' (Rydb.) Cronq. small penstemon. Rare. Open slopes. Standley. saw-leaved sedge. Infrequent. Wet mea- 295, 399. (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973). dows; Onion Park. 239, 372 (MRC, Dupl. MONT); Penstemon proeerus Dougl. ex Grah. small-flowered Layser 3290, 3310, 3311, 3340. I penstemon. Rare. Open slopes and meadows. 140. Carex utrieulata Boott beaked sedge. Occasional. Veroniea amerieana Schwein. American speedwell. Permanently saturated meadows and low gradient Rare. Standing or flowing water; Sun Creek area. streams. Layser 3291, 3309. 3335, 3336, 3339. 36. Incorrectly called Carex rostrata by Dorn (1984) \ Veroniea serpyllifolia L. var. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl. and many other authors (Reznicek 1997). thyme-leaved speedwell. Rare. Vernally inundated Eriophorum ehamissonis C. A. Mey. Chamisso'scotton- depressions in grass. Infrequent. Wet meadows, usually associated meadows; one collection from small meadow east of with Sphagnum spp.; Onion Park and Sun Creek |i;: Spring Park. 126. (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973). areas. 4\ Layser 3295, 3305, 3338. Veroniea wormskjoldii Roem. & Schult. alpine speed- Eriophorum polystachion L. many-spiked cotton-grass, | j! well. Infrequent. Moist meadows. Rare. Wet meadows; Onion Park. 115. \ Urticaceae Juncaceae Urtiea dioiea L. stinging nettle. Rare. Open areas along Juneus baltieus Willd. Baltic Rush. Occasional. Wet I streams; Stringer Creek. meadows. 38. \