TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan getwt Thans.tq)idS.oc.,lapan58(4):413-420,Sept2e00m7ber Utilizatio nof aphid leaf-ro} glall son lammas shoots of Prunus × yedoensis Matsumura (Rosace abye )a myrmecophilous butterfi yAIiphandn ,frtsca (Bremer Grey) (LepidoptLeyrcaa,enidfaber) et oviposition sites [Ibmoko GANAHAi)*, Chie OKAMoTo'] and Junichi YuKAwA2') i'Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Scicnces, KyushuUniversitHya,kozaki6-1O-1H,is,ashi-KFuu,kuokaCity,g12-8581Japan ')EntomelogicalLaboratory,FacultyofAgriculture,KyushuUniversaty; Hakozaki 6-10-1H,igashi-KuF,ukuokaCity812-8581Japan Abstract A female of a myrmecophilous butterfl yN,iphattda jiis c(aLepidopt cLyrcaa,enidae), was observed in Jul y2004 to lay eggs on leafir oglallls induce dby M.vzus siegesbeckiae (HeTniptera, Aphididae) on lammas shoots of a cherry tree in Fukuoka Pret'ectu Jraep,an .Presenc eof the host ant, Camponotusjaponic "(sHymenopter aF,or'micidac) w,as not necessary fOr the IV .,fLis efaemale to lay eggs. Many lainnia sshoots were produced from one of the cheiTy trees surveyed, due to heavy trimrning in June 2004, and every lamrnas shoot was galled by M. siegesbeckiae colonies. Thc N, jLis cfaema]e did not lay eggs on cherry trees with fewer larrll nsahosots. On the basi sof previou sand our current observutions, we note that fV. jusc ais one of the lat eseason emergent but- terfiie sthat inevitabl yuse lammas shoots as oviposition targcts instea dof spring shoots. Lammas shoots are unpredictable target sin timc, space, and quantit ybe.cause they are produce das a com- pensatory rcaction te natural or artificial defoliatio n.We therefore diseuss the importance of man- agement practic eins promotin g1ammas shoot productio tnhat may help to preven tthe declin oef N. fbes pcopaulations that has occurred in recent years .We also emphusizc thc necessity to study inter- actions between insect sthaL alTect the abundance of N. jtzsca. Key words Niphandafasca, aphid leaf-ro lg]al] l,ammas shoot, oviposition site, management prac- tice. Introduction Niphanda fits c(Bareme ret Grey) (Lepidopte Lryac,aenidae) is distribute din Japan (except Hokkaido), NE and E China, the Korean Peninsula (e .g. Hirukawa, 1985), and SW Tihransbaikal i(ath esteppe areas in the Selenga River basin) ,SE and E [[)ransbaikalia, Amurland,Primorye,Russia(Gorbuno&vKosterin2,003),Thisbutterflhyasbeenknown as one of the myrmecophilous species, being associated with Camponotus J'crponic uMsayr (Hymenopter aF,ormicidae) in Japan (e .g, Hirukawa, 1985). Since Nagayama (I950) clarified the myrmecophilous lif ehistor yofN. fasc aa ,wide variety of observations on this butterf lanyd it sassociated ant have been reported in the Japanes elanguage and Hirukawa (1985 r)eferred to 165 such reports in his book (se reeferences in the book fbr furthe irnfor- mation). Eggs and larva eof IV.fasca have been found near aphid colonies on newly extend- ing shoots of various plants s,uch as Ccteii rtrtetess (Fagacea es)ap,lings of Pin"s and Larix species (Pinacea ea)nd, grasses i,ncluding Miscanthus sinensis Andersson (Poacea e()e .g. Hirukawa, 1985; Nakamura, 2006), These plari tarse growing in semi-natural environments such as coppiced woodlands, grassland san,d agricultural lands that have been maintained by traditional practice sN.iphandafasca has also been observed to lay eggs near colonies of PsyUa Kuwayama (HemipterPasy,l]idae()Fukuda1,957;Fukuda, & [Ihnaka, eleaguni 1973). "Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic LMbirabrryary Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan 4L4 Tomoko GANAHA, Chie OKAMoTo and Junichi YuKAwA In recent years, N. .fL{-s chaas been graduall dyeclinin gmainly due to road construction, de- forestati oannd, residential developmcnt (Sibata n1i99,0), becoming extinct in 18 out of 44 prefectur eisn Japan, and designated as one of the endangered insect species in Japan (CategoIr)y(Nakamur2a0,06). In July 2004, we observed two adults of N..fLts cfalyin garound two artificially planted cher- ry trees ,Prunt{s× yedoensis Matsumura (Rosacea ein) ,a gap between plantation sof Ci:,ptomer i.aiaponica (Linnae uDs. )Don (Iletxodi aicn eSaasea)gur iIIbwn, Fukuoka Pre- fectur eJ,apan (longit uldatei,tud acn,d altitude of the locatio anre not indicate tdo avoid fur- ther collection of the butterf lbyy thoughtless collectors), One of the N. jusc aadults 1aid eggs on leal]-ro lglall sinduced by an aphid species on lammas shoots of one of the two cherry trees. In the temperate zone, trees normally produce spring shoots once a yeur, but the productio nof shoots in other seasons than spring can be seen frequent liyn various tree species (Simbolo &n YUkawa, 1993b) ,These shoots are called lammas shoots, which are generally produced as a compensatory reaction to defoliati obny herbivor easnd to other factors, injury by human (Okuda& such as mechanical caused strong winds and operations Yukawa,2000). We would not have expected the occurrence of N,.fi{sc ian a gap between Cir 'ptomeria plan- tations, where no trees representative of coppiced wood]ands were growing .Oviposition by N. fLts cona aphid leaf-rol lgall sinduced on cherry trees has never been reported, although Tleikaha sehti al, (1973 )observed that eggs were lai dnear bud galls induced on Hamametis japonicSaiebold& Zuccarini(Hamamelidacebaye)Hdmamelistesbetulinus mi.yabei (Matsumur(aH)emipterPeam,phigidae)(asMansakia inTakahashi 1973,but sp. et al., see pp. 57 and 215 in Yinkawa & Masuda, 1996 for the name of the gall-induci pnegmphigid). In this paper ,we report our observations on the oviposition habit of N, fasc aand discus sin- terrelations between lammas shoot productio nof fbrest trees and late season emergent but- terfiie ssuch as N. Simbolon & YUkawa ( 1993a, h) and Okuda & Yukawa (200 0h)ave demonstrate da si.mfusica.lar example for Lithocarpu seduli.s (Makin oN)akai (Fagace aaned) the associated insect si,ncludin ga lat eseason emergent gal lmidge, 7bkiwadiptos imasiecola Okuda & YUkawa (DipterCeac,idomyiidae). Field survey On 11 July 2004 (a t1:OO pm), we observed, for about fiv cminutes, two N. .fitsc aadults fiying around the two cherry trees and layin geggs on aphid-leaf roll galls induced en iam- mas shoots of one of the two cherry trees. After that, we examined aphid-leaf roll gall son the trees to fin deggs of the butterf lyT.hen, in order to evaluate abundance of lammas shoots and aphid galls w,e recorded the number of rolled and unrolled leave son lammas shoots fbr the two cherTy trees (Fi g1.; Tree 1, about 1.2 m in heigh tand Tree 2, about 2.0 m in height) .At the same time, we survcyed insect sthat were associated with the lammas shoots. Gall-induci ngaphids and attending ants were identifie dby Prof .M. Sorin (K6gakk aUnniyersity )and Prof. K, Ogata (Kyush uUniversity r)e,spectively. On the same day, we randomly surveyed lammas shoots of various forcs ttrees growing in a secondary fores tthat is about 1 krn distan tfrom the Crl>vtomer ipalantations. 0n 6 July 2005, we surveyed again the abundance of lammas shoots and searched for N. fasc aeggs on the same cherry trees ([[lre eansd1 2) that we had surveyed in 2004. These cherry trees were not trimmed in 20e5. We surveyed 13 additional cherry trees (3.1- 4m.3 in height ,5.9-14. 0cm in DBH) growing in the same gap between the Ci:yvtomer ipalanta- tions and the numbers of fres hrolled and unrolled leaye sattached to randomly selected NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society oofJfap anJapan UtitizationAphidGallsbyA'iphandfaL{sfcoarOviposition 4]5 ot' Fig.1 .Two cherry trccs suri,eyed. The front tree (Tre e1) has many lammas shoots and the hind tree (Tre 2e) is taller but with a relatively few lammas shoots, lammas shoots were recorded, We also surveyed lammas shoots of varlousforest trees growing in thesame secondary fores tthat we had vjsited in 2004. Results On 1 1 July 2004, we observed the two N. fasc aadults flyin gerratically around the cherry trees. One of them 1ai deggs one by one on lammas shoots within a few minutes .It took a few seconds to lay one egg. The female flew away soon after layin gthree eggs. Another N, .tLisc aadult flew over the cherry trees for a few seconds and quitte dsoon without laying eggs.According to a gardener t,he two cherry trees were heavil ytrimmed in June 2004 to remove ieave sinfested by unidentified insec therbivore san,d many lammas shoots were produced NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society oofJfap anJapan 416 TomokoG,xN.uT,x,Ch iOeKAMo'ro and Junichi YuKAvL'A Table I. Number of rolled and unrolled leaves attached to respcctive lammas shoots of cherry tree (Trc 1e) and insect sassociated with the shoots. ShootNo,Leaves Rolled insect sother than attached leavesUurolledlaepahivdsesAssocLated 1 68785771618574s517071l3lo15o74o11o08o11o36o1o27o31o81o10062o23o3o11o90o21o38o12o92o1o1812211 2. 345678910111213141516171819202122 A syrphid]arva A syrphid cgg Ants Two syrphid eggs; ants Ants A syrphid larva A lepidopteranlanra A syrphid egg & a larva A syrphid egg & a larva An N, .fusc aegg Lepidopteran Iarvae & thrips A syrphid egg Two IV.fLtse eaggs thereafter <Fi g1,) ,On Tree 1, all (100% )new leave sattached to 22 ]ammas shoots exarn- ined were rolled by M>izus siegesbeckiae Takahash i(Hemipter Aap,hididae) and three N. .fusca eggs were found on two of these lammas shoots (Tlab l1)e. On Tree 2, only five among 20 shoots examined bore leave srolled by aphids and the proportie onf rolled leaves to unrolled leave swas very lew ([fa b2l), eWe ceuld not find N. fits cegags on this tree, al- though an N. fasc afemale was observed flyin garound it. We collected two ant species, Pristom>'nnex pt{ngens Mayr and furatrechin faavip e(sF. Smith) (Hymenopter aF,ormicidae), from the two cherry trees. Camponotus j'aponicus, which is a known host of N. .fusca ,was not found on these trees but was observed on the ground. We found some other insect osn the trees, such as iepidopteran larva eand syrphid eggs and larvae ,but they were not identifi etod the species leve las they were in early stages of development (fabl e1s and 2) .On Tree 1, syrphid eggs or 1arva ewere found on seven (31,8 %o)ut of the 22 lammas shoots examined and two (9.1% o)f the 22 lammas shoots were infeste dby lepidopter a1narvae (TtLb l1e) .On Tree 2, only one syrphid larv awas fbund on a rolled leaL while ten of 20 shoots were infeste bdy lepidopter alnarva e(Ttib 2l)e. Curiously a, coccinellid larva was found on a lammas shoot without rolled leaves. In the secondary fores twe, fOund a total of 1 1 lammas shoots on euetz' gulsaLtc Tahunberg (Fagacea ean)d Cterodendro ntrichotomum Thunberg (Verbenace bauet )no, aphid colonies were detecte don both plants. In 2005, no lammas shoots were produced, hence no rolled leaves were fbund on Trees 1 and 2. Among 13 additional cherry trees surveyed, four trees bore leave srolled by M. siegesbeckiae and the proportio onf rolled leaves among whole fres hleave sexamined was only 4.11 % (25160 8()[la b3l)e. No iV. fasc aeggs and attending ants were tbund on these NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan Utilizatio nof Aphid Gallg by Niphanda,fitsca for Ovipo$ition 417 TabLe2. Number ef rolled and unrolled leaves attached to respective lammas shoots of cherry tree (Tre e2) and insect sassociated with the shoots. S h o o t N o. Latetaavcehsed R(oIlelaefdpleoasvi ets iU]oueriaovile"lse)Adsstohcaina atpehidds i(nlseeac tfp sootshiertion") 12345678190140614161726 193211 04(91815 7,1846)81972118715992201846467T3w9oI Ol9e6p7i4dgo9p2r1e5r5a9 n1l5arvae (5) o A lepidopter 1aanrv a(4) o o o A lepidoptera nlarv a(1) o3(1,2.3) o Two lepidoptera nlarvae (6) o o 2 (2 ,S) A lepidopter !aanrv a(4 ,7) ;A syrphtd larva (2) o o A coccinellid larv a(3) o A lepidoptera nlarva (3) o o Two lepidoptera nlarva (1 ,2) 2 (1 ,2) Two lepidepter laanrva (6 ,1O) o Two lepidoptera nlarv a(1 ,2) o6 Two lcpidopter laanrva (2 ,3) C4,10r14) "Leaf positio nfrom the top of shoot rolled leaves ,although one N. .fLtsc aadult was observed fiyin garound these cherry trees at 2: OO pm on 6 July 2005, Again, we found several laminas shoots on 2. glauca and C. tri- chotomum in the secondary fores tb,ut aphid colonies, attending ants, and IV .,fusca eggs were not detecte den both plants. Discussion According to previou sobservations (e .g. Hirukawa, 1985) ,presence of the host ant, C, japonic uons ,aphid colonies was usually necessary for N. ftts ctoa lay eggs, but our obser- vations indicate tdhat the presence of host ants was not always necessary for egg layin gand N. .fiisc afemales did not seem to spend enough time for recognition of ant attendance be- fore oviposition. Because we observed C.,faponic uwsorkers crawling on the ground, they may have chance to fin dN..ftts c1aarva eon the cherry tree. Artifici alleaf cutting experiments indicate dthat Lithocajlpu sedulis (Fagacea ee)u,ercus gtauca (Fagacea aend), Camelli ajaponi c(aTheacea ep)roduced lammas shoots more fre- q u e nt l y t h a n s p ec i e s o f L a u r a c e a e ( S i m b o l o& n Y i n k a w a , 1 9 9 3 b ) . A s m e n ti o n ed i n the in- troduction, lammas shoots are generally produced as a compensatory reaction to defoliation by herbivore asnd to other factor sT.he appearance of lammas shoots is ,therefore ,relative- ly unpredictable in time, space, and quantit yf,or insect herbivores to utilize them as food re- sources (Okud a& YUkawa, 2000) . Despite such unsuitableness, a monophagous gall midge, 7bkiwadiplosis matecota Simbolon et Yukawa (Dipte rCaec,idornyiida eu)t,ilizes only lammas shoots fbr gallin ginstead of normal spring shoots of L, edulis (Simbol o&n Ytikawa ,1992, 1993a, h), because T. matecola requires relatively high temperatures for lar- val developmen tafter overwintering and the emergence of T. matecola, therefere, cannot synchronize with the appearance of spring shoots (Okuda & YUkawa, 2000). NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan 418 Tomoko GANAHA, Chie OKA",toT aond Junichi YuKAwA Table 3. Number of roltcd and unrolled fres hleaves attached to lammus shoots of cherry trces. Tr e e N o. Fresh leaves Fresh leaves Fresh leaves examined rolled unrollcd 34s678910161S11201331346115842623o4I433o3o36o30o68053031o671o13830344043333653718040 Total608 25 583 Niphandd fasc sceeims to be one of the late season emergent insect lsik eT, matecoia, but is fundamentall dyiffere nftiro mTl matecola in geographic adlistribut iraonnge, 7bki}vadiplosis matecola inhabit bsroad-leave edvergreen forest sin wann southern part sof Kyushu, Japan and overwintered larva erequired temperatures higher than 150C to develop to the pupal stage (Okud a& YUkawa, 2000) ,while N. fasc ais distribut eidn Siberi a(Gorbuno v& Kosterin, 2003) and must have a relatively Iow developmenta lzero poin tto liy ethere ,Nevertheless, N. fasca adults start to appear in June (e .g. Hirukawa, 1985) even in the warm temperate zone like Japan, although the reason is still unclear. Therefbre, they cannot synchronize with the timing of spring shoot productio nand cannot use abundant spring shoots, which are more predictabl ethan lammas shoots in time and space for aphid colonization and N, fasca oviposition. Niphanda fase at,hus ,inevitab lsyearches lammas shoots fbr oviposition sites because aphi dalsways colenize fres hshoots, and aphid gall scan be outstanding targets fbr oviposi- t l on . O u rdata indicate tdhat trees with more numerous lammas shoots seemed to be more attractive to N. jusc afemale sthan those with few lammas shoots. From this point of view, we are able to agree with previou sobservations that N. fasc awas frequent lpyresen tin sec- ondary fbrest dsominated by eueivu tsrees (e ,g. Hirukawa, 1985) ,because ettere uspsecies more readily produce lammas shoots tha nother trees as a compensatory reaction to defolia- tion (Simbol o&n Yinkawa, 1993h) .In addition to larg escale factor ssuch as road construc- tion, defbrestati oann,d residential development (Sibat a1n9i9,0), gradua ldeclin eof N. .fLtsc ain secondary forest msay be related to reduction of lammas shoot production due to the abandonment of traditional management practice sthat have bcen artificially promoting l a m m a s shoot production, Grassland has been known to be another appropriate habitat for N. .tL{sc ab,ecause new shoots that are favore dby aphids are continuously produced from various plant species. Even in grassland ,management practice ssuch as mowing and burn- ing the dead grass are needed to promote furthe prroductio nofnew shoots. Other biologica lfactor aslso influence lammas shoot productio ndirect laynd indirectl yand affect survival ofN, fasc aH.eavy infestatio nof spring shoots by defoliato rwosuld promote lammas shoot production (Simbolo &n Ybkawa, 1993a, h), while other defbliator son lam- mas shoots, such as lepidopter alnarva eobserved in this study, would reduce fresh leaves Etili bzye adphid colonies. Syrphids and coccinellids feed on aphids and so reduce oviposi- tion target sof N. fasc aI.n order to monitor the abundance of Ai. direc tand indirect ,fr{sca, NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee　 LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegiroaollogical　 SSoooiceityety 　ooff　 JJaapapnan Utilizati　oofn　Aphid　Galls　by八”iphandafusca　f〔｝r　Oviposition 419 interaction　sbetween　associated 　insect　sshould 　be　intensivel　ystudied 　at　the　populatio　nand community 　level．S Acknowledgements We　wish 　to　express　our　gratitu　dteo　Mr　H．　Fukuda （Kagoshima　City）for　givin　gus　uscful information　on　1＞．．fits　acnda　for　critical　reading 　of　an 　early 　draft　of　this　paper．　We　are　also indebte　dto　Prof．　M ．　Sorin （K6gakCkan　Universit）yand 　Prof．　K．　Ogata（Kyushu　Universit）y who 　identifi　egdal−linducin　gaphids 　and 　attending 　ants ，　respectively ，　We 　are　gratef　utlo　Dr O．Kosterin（lnstitut　oef　Cytology　and 　Genetics　SD 　RAS ）for　information　on　the　range 　of　N ． f勘sca 　in　Siberi　aand 　to　Dr　K ．　M ．　Harris（former　Director　of　the　Internatio　nlanlstitut　eof Entomology　UK ）for　linguisti　ccorrections ．　We　also　thank　Prof．0．　Yata　Prof．0．　Tadauchi Dr　S．　Kamit，ani，　Mr　D．　Yamaguchi （Kyushu　Universit），y　and 　Dr　N，．　Uechi （Okinawa， Prefectura　lAgricultura　lResearch　Center）for　their　support 　in　various 　ways ．　This　is　a　con − tribution 倉om 　the　Entomologica　lLaborator，　yFacult　yof　Agricultur　eKyushu 　University， ， Fukuoka（series 　6，　No，33）， References Fukuda，　H ．，1957．　Several　butterHy　species 　collected 師 m　Mt．　Takakuma ．　Satsuma　6；　12−14（in　Jap跏 cse）． F　u　k　udKaa，g　oHs．h　ianmda　　PrAe，f　eTcat皿u］a−ck，aノ，V磁19‘广7e3　．l　nsLeacrtvs　8al　（4d）e；v2e3l−o2p4m．　epnlt．a（li　nr　Jeacopradne sf）e　，Niphan‘’α 声5cα in　Kanoya　City， Hirukawa，　N．，1985，　Niphandci　fusc，　ainsects　of ／apan 　2，145　pp，　 Bunlcll　iS696　Shuppan，　Tokyo ．（ln 　　　Japunes）e． Gorbunov ，　P’．　and 　O．　Kostefin，2003．　The　B“ttefYlie（Hs．．esρef’ioide　aand 　Papilionoiのdeげハiorth　Asia〔Asian 　　　part　（1プRl‘∬ ∫の in　Natttre　1．392　pp．　Rodina ＆ Fodio　and 　Gallery　Fund，　MoscQw ，　Chelyabinsk． Nakamura ．　Y．，2006．　Niphandajusca ，　Jn　Threatene　Wdildlif　oef　Japan，　Inseot．　aRed　Pata　Book　〈2nd　Edn）： 　　　81．Institu　otfe　Natural　Environment，　Tokyo ．〔ln　Japanese）． Okuda，　S．　and 　J，　Yukawa ，2000．　Lif　e’histor　sytrategy　of　Tok’wadip ’‘丿sis　mcttecota （Dipter：aCecldom｝・iida）e 　　　relying 　upon 　the　lammas　shoots　ot　Lithocarpus　edutis （Fagaceae）．　Ent．　Sci．3：47−56． Siba〔a皿i，　A．，1990，　Decline　and 　conservation 　of　butterfl　iine　Jsapan．ノ．　Res，　Leρid．29：305−315， Simbol n，　H ，　and　J．　Yukawa，1992．　Description　of　a　new 　gall　midge 〔Diptera　Cecidomyiidae）causing 　galls 　　　on　Lithθcarpus 　eduti 、T（Fagaceae）iユrJapan，　Jap．ノ．　Ent，60：609−617． ， 　　　　　，1993a．　Interacti　boentween　Lithocarpus　eduli ，s（Fagaceae）and 　the　associated 　inscct　sin　terms　of　in− 　　　fcstati，　odnefoliatjo，　nand 　lammas　shoot 　production．．∬ap ．ノ．　Ent．61：109−120． 　　　　　，1993わ．Effect　osf　arti正icia　llc艮f　cutting ⊂m 【he　shoot 　prodllctio　nof　Lithocarptt　sedt｛lis　and 　thrce 　　　other 　evergreen 　spccies 　inrelatiηoto　phytophago〜uinsects．　ApPl．　Ent．　Zool．28：15i−160． Takahas鳳 A，　Tanaka，　B．　and 　M ．　Wakabayashi，1973，　Hoikusha　Color　Books，　Buttei：tii　eofs．Japan　2．15！pp． 　　　Hoikusha．　TDkyo ，（inJapanese）． 摘 要 ー ー サ クラの ラマ ス シュ トに形成されたアブラム シの ゴ ル を産卵対象 とする クロ シジミ （チ ョ ウ目，シジ ミチ ョ ウ科）（我那覇智了一岡本智恵 ・湯川淳一） 2M0y0z4us年　si7eg月esbeにcki，a福e 岡県（半で翅，サ目，クアラブのララムマシス科シ）コーに一・よトっ（て遅形れ成芽，さ土れ用た芽葉）巻に状，ヒのキゴオーコルシ上コにブ，クアブロ ラシムジシ．ミ 翫助α磁αル∫cα （鱗翅「］，シジ．ミチ ョウ科）が産卵するのが観察された．この とき，クロオオア リ（膜翅日， ア リ科）の 随伴は認められず，クロ シジミの産卵には，クロ オオア リの存在が，必ずしも，必要ではなか 遭っ た遇，すしるか機し会，地も面あにろはうク，調ロ査オ木オアの リうのちワ，一ー本カのーサが徘ク徊ラにしては，い2た0C｝の4年での，い6ず月れの，強樹剪上定のにクよロ っシてジ多ミ幼数虫の にラ ー ー ー ー マ スシュ トが形成されて おり，どの シュ トにも，ヒキオコ シコ ブアブラム シの コ ロ ニ がゴ ル を 形成 して い た．クロ シ ジミは，ラマ ス シュ ートの多い 木に産卵 したが，少ない 木に産卵するこ とはな かっ た．ラマ ス シュ ートは，自然的，あるい は人為的要因によっ て．牛 じた落葉に対する補償作．用で生 一 NNI工I工-EElleoetcrotniroonic　 LLiibrbarryary 　Service TThhee　 LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegiroaollogical　 SSoooiceityety 　ooff　 JJaapapnan 420 Temoko 　GANAHA，　Chie　OKAMo・1・o　and 　Junich　iYvKAwA じるため，その形成は時間的に も空間的に も量的にも予測が困難である．これまでの報告 と，今回の ー ー 我々 の観察か ら，クロ シジミは，安定的に供給される春のシュ トを利用で きず，ラマ ス シュ トを 産卵対象とせざるを得ない 季節遅れの チョウで あることを指摘 した．本稿では，近年の クロ シジミ個体 ー 群の衰退を防ぐ観点から，ラマ スシュ トの形成を促す環境管理の重要性に言及するとともに，クロ シ ジミ をめ ぐる生物環境要囚の相互作用に関する研究の必要性を強調した． 〔Accepted　April　l8，2007） Published　by　the　LepidopterologicユaSociety　of　Japan， 5−20，Motoyokoyama 　2，且achioji ，Tokyc），192−0063　Japan 一 NNI工I工-EElleoetcrotniroonic　 LLiibrbarryary 　Service