Improve your Skills Use of English for First with Answer Key Series editors: Malcolm Mann • Steve Taylore-Knowles ~ MACMILLAN Macmillan Education 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-230-46097-3 (with key) ISBN 978-0-230-46192-5 (without key) ISBN 978-0-230-46094-2 (with key+ MPO Pack) ISBN 978-0-230-46187-1 (without key+ MPO Pack) Text, design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 Series edited by Malcolm Mann and Steve Taylore-Knowles The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. 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Printed and bound in Thailand 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Contents Introduction page4 Topic English skills • Skill: Recognising and using phrases and idioms Voluntary work Vocabulary: Free time topic vocabulary Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 1 I Skill: Recognising and using phrasal verbs Means oft ransport Vocabulary: Travel topic vocabulary page 14 Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 2 • Skill: Understanding parts of speech Entertainment online Vocabulary: Entertainment topic vocabulary Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 3 I 1 Skill: Rephrasing and transforming Working.from home Vocabulary: Work topic vocabulary page30 Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 4 • Skill: Understanding confusable words TV chefs Vocabulary: Food and drink topic vocabulary Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 1 I Skill: Understanding grammatical structure Extreme environments Vocabulary: Environment topic vocabulary page46 Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 2 • Skill: Using affixes to form derivatives Tribal life Vocabulary: Culture topic vocabulary Exam practice: Fitsf Paper 1 Part 3 I Skill: Understanding lexico-grammar Alternative medicine Vocabulary: Health and fitness topic vocabulary page 62 Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 4 • Skill: Recognising and using collocations Teenagers Vocabulary: People topic vocabulary Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 1 I Skill: Understanding coherence and cohesion I Adult education Vocabulary: Education topic vocabulary page 78 Exam practice: FitstPaper 1 Part 2 • Skill: Making internal changes to form derivatives Space exploration Vocabulary: Technology topic vocabulary Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 3 I Skill: Developing exam strategies Immigration Vocabulary: Social issues topic vocabulary page 94 Exam practice: Fitst Paper 1 Part 4 Key page 102 I What is Improve your Skills: Use of How is Improve your Skills: Use of English for First? English for First organised? Use of English for First is part of the Improve your The course is made up of 12 units, each Skills exam skills series: four preparation books aimed at developing a particular reading skill which cover all aspects of the Cambridge English: (e.g. recognising and using phrasal verbs). Every First exam.This course aims to develop the key unit is themed around a commonly occurring topic skills, and language and exam techniques, for parts from the First exam. 1-4 of the First Use of English and Reading paper. Each unit consists of: The course can be used in conjunction with the other books in the series: Reading for First, Writing for • Skills development: explanation, examples First and Listening and Speaking for First. It can and tasks to develop and practise relevant also be used as a general skills development course, grammar and vocabulary skills both for general or as preparation for other general English tests. use and the exam. Each skill is broken down into simple stages with reference to why each skill is important for First. How do I use Improve your Skills? • Vocabulary: useful vocabulary for the First You can use any of the books in this series either in exam. class or to study on your own. The course will guide • Exam focus and practice: focus on how each you through the activities step by step, so you can skill relates to the exam, followed by authentic use this book with or without a teacher. First style tasks for real exam practice. If you are studying as part of a class, your teacher There are also Skills tip boxes throughout the book will direct you on how to use each activity. Some containing useful information and ideas on how to activities can be treated as discussions, in which approach the exam reading tasks. case they can be a useful opportunity to share ideas and techniques with other learners. How will Improve your Skills How is the First exam organised increase my chances of exam and where does Use of English & success? Reading fit in? The First exam consists of four papers - Use Skills development of English & Reading, Writing, Speaking and The skills sections form a detailed syllabus of core Listening. Parts 1-4 of the Use of English and grammar and vocabulary skills which are useful both Reading paper test your Use of English skills. The in the exam and in everyday life - recognising and complete paper takes 1 hour and 15 minutes. using collocations and understanding coherence and cohesion, for exan1ple. People often do these things What does each task consist of? in their own language without noticing, so it can take some practice to perform these actions in another The Use of English tasks (Parts 1-4) make up 20% of language. Learning and understanding grammatical your final mark in First. There are four tasks which structures can take priority in the classroom, and aim to test your vocabulary and grammar skills in a these very important skills often get ignored. number of ways. Part 1 is a 4-option multiple-choice gap-fill task (eight questions). Part 2 is also an eight Language input question gap-fill but there are no options. In Part 3, you have to complete a text with 8 gaps. For each Each unit includes useful vocabulary and phrases for the exam. In Improve your Skills: Use of gap, you have to form a derivative from a root word. English for First, you will find a wide range of topic In Part 4, you are given six separate items with a lead-in sentence and a key word which you have to vocabulary and ideas to make sure that you are well prepared when you reach the real exam. use to complete a second sentence with the san1e meaning as the first. Exam technique The tasks will test a variety of the following key Use In any exam, it is important to be prepared for of English skills: the types of tasks you are likely to be given, and • Idioms, phrases and collocations to have methods ready to answer any particular • Awareness and control of grammar, vocabulary question. The Exam focus section helps you develop precision and lexico-grammar and practise these methods. The Skills tip boxes • Phrasal verbs give short, simple advice about different types of • Word formation and affixes (prefixes and suffixes) questions, as well as study skills and how to use the skills you have learned effectively. The course This course will develop your knowledge and covers every question type that you will face in the understanding of all of the above skills, as well as the First exam. everyday skills and exam techniques you'll need, such as rephrasing and understanding parts of speech. • and using phrases and idioms Voluntar work Skill: Vocabulary: Exam practice: Improve your Use of English skills: recognising and using phrases and idioms Phrases and idioms arn set expressions using more than one w01·d. Sometimes, they may be similar to phmses and idioms in other languages, but ojlen they aren't. You need to rncognise when a task is testing the meaning of a phrase or idiom, rather than ....... individual words, and be able to provide or complete it accumtely. 1 You need to be able to tell when a task is testing A how accurate a phrase is in a given situation. B how a given word is used in a phrase or idiom. C how similar English phrases are to phrases in your own language . Why is recognising .aJ!IMN.iM,.M~I It's important because you will often come acrnss phmses and idioms and you need and using phrases to be able to recognise and unde1·stand them. You also need to be able to use them and idioms accurately. Often, the meaning of the whole phrnse is not obvious frnm the meaning of the individual words and they'rn easy to misunderstand. important? 2 Phrases and idioms are important because they are A difficult. B common. C rare. You need lo know a lmye number of phrases and idioms. Compare them to phmses and idioms in your own language and learn the similarities and differences. You also need to learn phrases and idioms that aren't similar lo anything in your own language. It's useful to be able to wo1'k out the meaning of new phmses and idioms from their context. 3 What should you do when you meet a phrase you haven't seen before? A Try to work out the meaning from the context. B Ignore it and hope it isn't important. C Show that you are confused and hope someone explains. Phrnses and idioms are tested in a number of ways in First Pape?· 1. In Part 1, you may need to choose a word that completes a phmse or idiom. Often, the wo1·ds are similar in meaning on their own but only one of them is used in the phrase being tested. In Part 2, you may need to prnvide a w01·d that completes a phmse 01· idiom. . In Part 4, you may need to recognise a phrase or idiom in thefint sentence you are given, or you may need to use a phrase or idiom lhal includes the given wo1·d in bold in the transfmmation task. 4 You may need to choose the correct answer in Part 1 based on A the meaning of a whole phrase. B how similar the options are to each other. C a word you think of yourself. Recognising and using phrases and idioms Get started Look at the photo and answer the questions. • What are the volunteers doing in the photo? • Would you like to do something like this in your free time? Why? I Why not? • What types of voluntary work do people often do in your country? • What might people enjoy about doing voluntary work? Develop your vocabulary 1 Match to make phrases. 1 Jeff managed to work 2 It's a good idea to spend 3 Maria prides 4 If you have 5 Jason thought he'd kill a your time doing something you love. b time to spare, could you help with the chores? c time by reading magazines while he waited. d miracles by organising the event in under an hour. e herself on helping others. 2 Each of the words in bold is in the wrong sentence. Write the correct word on the line. 1 You can't do this kind of work if your time is not in it. 2 Terry felt more at heart on the volunteer training course after he got to know his tutor. 3 It's better to do something for the impulse of it rather than for any other reason. 4 She joined Greenpeace on ease after reading their leaflet. 5 It's good to help out in the neighbourhood from time to love. 3 Write a word or phrase from the box in each gap to complete the text. high time • make time • participating • take pleasure • time on your hands Are you interested in (1) _____ in helping the community? If you've got some (2) ______ , or if you can possibly (3) ______ for our event, we'd love to see you this weekend at the community clean-up, sponsored by the town council. Volunteers will meet in the main square at 9am and all supplies will be provided by the council. Help us out and (4) ______ in knowing that you've made a difference to the town. It's (5) we made it a cleaner place to live! Unit 1 I Develop your Use of English skills 1 Choose the correct word. I 1 The work has to be finished today at all expenses I costs. 2 He felt completely at ease I comfort with telling others what to do. 3 Susie spoke at great width I length about her charity. 4 We must leave at now I once. 5 She cancelled the appointment at very short note I notice. 6 He can be quite generous at times I occasions. 7 It was a great show by all accounts I stories. 8 Did you go to the fundraising event by any chance I luck? 9 It was the best performance by afar I far. 10 She learned all the words by mind I heart. 11 He's friendly by character I nature. 12 She caught him completely by fright I surprise. 13 Let's play cards for a difference I change to pass the time. 14 They left the UK for good I better to move to Asia. 15 Just wait here for the time being I doing. 2 Write at, by,for or on in each gap to complete the sentences. 1 He put the charity's cash takings in a box safekeeping. 2 They got the protesters to leave force. 3 They must have finished building the community centre now. 4 She couldn't make the event account of other plans. 5 Each volunteer was given a task to do with a partner who was chosen random. 6 Let's go to the volunteer meeting foot. 7 He was so pleased with the community's efforts that he was a loss for words. 8 The bus drivers were strike, so we took a taxi. 9 The aid worker has lived in India all her life, but she's British birth. 10 Their daughter had been volunteering in Colombia, so they hadn't seen her _____ ages. 3 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1 We'll notify you on _ of your application. 7 They're building a refugee shelter on the _ a agreement b support c approval of town. a limits b bounds c outskirts 2 On _ of all of us, thanks for your efforts. a behalf b demand c behaviour 8 I'm sure that was no accident and she did it on _ . a purpose b reason c point 3 I'll come with you on _ that we leave early. a event b condition c situation 9 The charity f undraiser featured signed books and photos on _ . 4 There are only three rescue workers on _ . a deal b purchase c sale a duty b work c task 10 Today's neighbourhood clean-up started on _ . 5 The difficult work had him on his _ . a schedule b agenda c programme a knees b arms c legs 11 She was on good _ with the members of the 6 The costumes which the actors wore were committee. on_ . a boundaries b limits c terms a advance b loan c borrow 12 The project was, on the _ , very successful. a top b total c whole II