SUBCOURSE EDITION SS0511 3 COPY PHOTOGRAPHY I US ARMY VISUAL INFORMATION/ AUDIO DOCUMENTATION SYSTEMS SPECIALIST MOS 25S SKILL LEVEL 1 AUTHORSHIP RESPONSIBILITY: VISUAL INFORMATION/CALIBRATION TRAINING DEVELOPMENT DIVISION COPY PHOTOGRAPHY I (Developmental Date: 1983 ) SUBCOURSE NO: SS0511-3 US Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon Fort Gordon, Georgia 8 Credit Hours GENERAL As a military photographer you will, from time to time, be required to perform copy photography. It is necessary that you know and understand what is involved in copying something, be it a drawing, map, another photograph, or similar flat-plain object. Photographic reproduction is one of the most versatile of the copy methods. It is used widely throughout the military for preserving or improving a photographic print or document. This type of reproduction is a photographic function, and specific techniques must be applied to remove the guesswork and to minimize or eliminate mistakes in exposure, lighting, film, or developing. This subcourse will provide you with the basic knowledge necessary to perform copy photography as a still photographer. The subcourse is presented in two lessons. The lessons correspond to a learning objective as listed below. Lesson 1: Copy Camera Functions TASK: Identify the term "copy photography", copy cameras and be able to describe the components and function of various types of copy cameras. CONDITIONS: Given information, illustrations, and procedures about copy photography, STANDARDS: Demonstrate competency of the task skills and knowledge by by responding correctly to at least 70 percent of the multiple choice and true or false questions covering the procedures, objectives, equipment, techniques and procedures to perform copy photography. i The objective of this subcourse support the tasks in STP 11-25S13-SM-TG, published in March 1989, as follows: 113-578-1005 Photograph subjects with a 35mm Single Lens Reflex Camera. 113-578-1007 Obtain Light Readings Using a Photoelectric Light Meter. 113-578-1008 Illuminate a Subject with Photoflood Lamps. 113-578-1010 Operate View Camera. 113-578-1012 Perform Copy Photography Using Camera Set KS-7A. N OTE: Any reference to MOS 84B has been changed to MOS 25S effective 1 October 1988. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page TITLE PAGE............................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................... ii Lesson 1: COPY PHOTOGRAPHY ............................................ 1 ANSWERS TO PRACTICE EXERCISES ONE ..................................... 77 Lesson 2: LENS OPTICS ................................................. 82 ANSWERS TO PRACTICE EXERCISES TWO...................................... 117 ii LESSON 1 Lesson Objective: When you have completed this lesson you will be able to: 1. Explain the term "copy photography". 2. Identify the basic copy cameras and the situations in which they are most likely used. 3. Describe the components and functions of the following copy cameras: a. 35mm REPRONAR slide copier. b. 4x5-inch view camera. c. 8x10-inch copy camera. These objectives support the following tasks: 113-578-1005 Photograph Subjects with a 35mm Single Lens Reflex Camera. 113-578-1007 Obtain Light Readings Using a Photoelectric Light Meter 113-578-1008 Illuminate a Subject with Photoflood Lamps 113-578-1009 Load a Cut Film Holder and Film Pack Adapter 113-578-1010 Operate View Camera 113-578-1012 Perform Copy Photography Using Camera Set KS-7A 1-1 Introduction There are many types of cameras that can be used for copying. In reality, ANY camera can be used for copying something; but in most cases, the end result is not ALWAYS what you want it to be. So to keep matters simple and to provide the needed knowledges in performing copy photography, we will stay with the basic camera formats used in the military service today. They are 35mm, 4x5 inch and 8x10 inch format cameras. We will take one format size at a time; identify and describe each one. 1 SECTION I IDENTIFY COPY AND COPY CAMERAS 1-2. The term "copy photography" is usually considered to be photography of flat material. Things like charts, maps, diagrams, photographs, documents, and drawings when photographed are said to be copied. Even though all photography is really a reproduction of the original, the word reproduction is taken to mean "copy". The term “copy", therefore, is accepted to mean "reproduction of a two-dimensional original". a. 35mm format is most commonly used to produce 35mm color or black and white (B/W) slides by copying charts, maps or any other flat surface material. This can be done with most types of 35mm cameras. When it comes to copying (duplicating) color slides and transparencies, the equipment best suited for this is the 35mm REPRONAR (fig 1-1). This equipment will provide copy with a minimum loss of detail and colors. b. Components of the REPRONAR include a special purpose camera, an easel with slide and filter holders, an electronic flashlight source, a transparency viewing light, and an adjustable exposure calculator. We will explain the functions and specifics of copier the REPRONAR later in this lesson. Figure 1-1. REPRONAR slide copier. 2 c. The 4x5-inch camera is one of many formats used in the Army today. It is used for portraits, full- length, investigative, equipment reports, and copy. The list can go on and on. The most commonly used 4x5-inch format camera is the 4x5 press camera, which is highly portable and can be carried around by the photographer from location to location without too much trouble. This type of camera is usable for performing copy photography, but it is not the ideal 4x5-inch-type camera because of it's limited functions and capabilities. d. A better suited camera is the 4x5-inch view camera (fig 1-2). This camera is portable, but must be used together with a tripod. It has numerous adjustments and compensating factors that are needed when using this type of camera for copy photography. (1). The 16-inch bellows gives you the capability to use a variety of focal length lenses. This allows you to move in very close for small objects like wall maps and charts. It has front and back adjustments that swing, rise, and tilt. (2). Later in this lesson we will discuss the function and operation of the 4x5-inch view camera (KS 17A). Figure 1-2. 4x5 view camera. 3 1-3. The largest camera available in the Army is the 8x10-inch copy camera KS- 7A. Due to its size and being nonportable, it is used in a fixed location such as a post photographic laboratory facility, or the Training and Audiovisual Support Center (TASC). The 8x10-inch format camera can provide the following color and B/W products: 8x10 negatives. 8x10 transparencies. 4x5 negatives. 4x5 transparencies. Polaroid prints. a. It is primarily used for copying large flat items, such as large charts and naps. It can produce 1:1 negatives or transparencies, and enlarge small areas. This camera has the capability of reducing or enlarging copy by 4 diameters. This is all possible because the camera's focusing capability extends from 15 to 60 inches. b. The camera consists of a front frame which holds the lens board, front and rear bellows, rear frame which holds the reversible 8x10-inch ground glass and 4x5-inch ground glass for focusing. Both the front and rear frames can be moved manually to focus. c. Figure 1-3 shows an 8x10 camera set, Still Picture KS-7A, with components. This camera is most commonly used for copy work in the military today; but, here again, it all depends on the final product, whether it is to be a 35mm transparency, an 11x14-line copy, or large color print. The size of the original and final product desired will dictate the format you should use. d. We will cover the functions of the KS-7A camera later in this lesson when we talk about copying large objects for large reproduction. 4 Figure 1-3. Camera Set, Still Picture KS-7A. 5 REVIEW EXERCISE 1. Your section NCOIC gives you six 35mm, color slides and tells you that he needs five copies of each slide. Which camera should you use? (Circle one) VIEW CAMERA, REPRONAR, KS-7A. 2. Which camera will give you first time copy in an 8x10-inch transparency format? (Circle one.) VIEW CAMERA, REPRONAR, KS-7A. 3. Your next assignment for the day is to go out to a unit CP (command post) and make copies of charts. The finished product is to be 8x10 B/W prints. Which camera should you use? (Circle one.) V I E W CAMERA, REPRONAR, KS-7A. SECTION II 35MM REPRONAR COPY CAMERA OPERATION. 1-4. It is hardly practical to disassemble a large combat tank in a classroom. Instead, drawings, diagrams, photographs and slide presentations showing how to do something step-by-step is cost saving, and can be made into a self-pace study program. This is where you come into the "picture," when you have to reproduce learning material into slides and photographs. REPRONAR SLIDE COPIER is a 35mm single lens, reflex camera (commonly known as 35mm SLR) equipped with an f/4 copy lens especially designed for duplicating color slides. We will now identify the major items and their functions on the 35mm REPRONAR copy camera, beginning with the parts facing you as you get ready to use the REPRONAR. 6 a. Film Advance Lever (fig 1-4). 1 – advances the film and cocks the shutter in readiness for the next exposure. Shutter Release Button 2 - operates the shutter and fires electronic flash in synchronization. Exposure Counter 3 - shows how many frames have been exposed. Indicates numbers from -2 to 37. Automatically resets to -2 when camera back is released. Double Exposure Button 4 - allows the shutter to be cocked for multiple exposure without moving the film. Figure 1-4. Left side. Shutter Knob 5 – rotates as shutter is cocked (clockwise) and released (counter-clockwise), Acts as a selection for "I” and "TB" settings. b. Magnifier (fig 1-5) - enlarges a portion of the image for sharpest focusing. Swings up out of the way for normal viewing. Figure 1-5. Center. c. Crank for Rewind (fig 1-6) 1 - crank unfolds for ease of rewinding film into cassette. Film Reminder Dial 2 - may be used as a reminder of which kind of film is in the camera body. Camera Case Catch 3 - secures the removable camera back. Figure 1-6. Crank for rewind, right side. 7