The Urban Book Series Alexander Fekete Frank Fiedrich Editors Urban Disaster Resilience and Security Addressing Risks in Societies The Urban Book Series Series Advisory Editors Fatemeh Farnaz Arefian, University College London, London, UK Michael Batty, University College London, London, UK Simin Davoudi, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK Geoffrey DeVerteuil, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Karl Kropf, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Marco Maretto, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Vítor Oliveira, Porto University, Porto, Portugal Christopher Silver, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Giuseppe Strappa, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Igor Vojnovic, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA Jeremy Whitehand, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Aims and Scope The Urban Book Series is a resource for urban studies and geography research worldwide.Itprovidesauniqueandinnovativeresourceforthelatestdevelopments in the field, nurturing a comprehensive and encompassing publication venue for urban studies, urban geography, planning and regional development. The series publishes peer-reviewed volumes related to urbanization, sustainabil- ity, urban environments, sustainable urbanism, governance, globalization, urban and sustainable development, spatial and area studies, urban management, urban infrastructure, urban dynamics, green cities and urban landscapes. It also invites research which documents urbanization processes and urban dynamics on a national, regional and local level, welcoming case studies, as well as comparative and applied research. The series will appeal to urbanists, geographers, planners, engineers, architects, policy makers, and to all of those interested in a wide-ranging overview of contemporary urban studies and innovations in the field. It accepts monographs, edited volumes and textbooks. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14773 Alexander Fekete Frank Fiedrich (cid:129) Editors Urban Disaster Resilience and Security Addressing Risks in Societies 123 Editors Alexander Fekete FrankFiedrich Institute of Rescue EngineeringandCivil Institute for Public Safety andEmergency Protection Management TH Köln—University of AppliedSciences University of Wuppertal Cologne Wuppertal Germany Germany ISSN 2365-757X ISSN 2365-7588 (electronic) TheUrban Book Series ISBN978-3-319-68605-9 ISBN978-3-319-68606-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68606-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017955365 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Resilience—is it still the hype when you read this book? It might depend on the background you have, the discipline, field of research or action, country or time. While some might have felt resilience is already past its hiatus, resilience has remarkablyshownpersistence.Insomeacademicfields,resilienceisburgeoning,in others mushrooming, in other fields, disputed. Even when we started planning this book, or on some conference sessions in 2012 when we first gathered authors for thisbook,disasterresiliencewasnotanoveltopic.However,overyears,weheard demands to illustrate whether and how such a multifaceted concept of resilience could be put into practice or be operationalised when there existed so many dif- ferent definitions.Thisbooktries tocontributeselectedexampleshowresilienceis conceptualised and how researchers and practitioners try to work with it. The selection of topics, authors and chapters resulted from the editors’ interests in recent research and policy fields; notably, critical infrastructure and civil pro- tectionaswellasurbanresilienceinthecontextofDisasterRiskReduction(DRR), Climate Change Adaption (CCA), man-made hazards and threats. On a method- ologicalside,wewereinterestedinmeasurabilityofresilience,butembracingboth qualitative and quantitative approaches. We are very grateful that so many authors from our wish list agreed to contribute their interesting perspectives to this book. Authors come from various disciplines and countries (with a slight focus on Europe), but we also include perspectives from Iran, Nepal and the USA. This broad perspective is important to foster future discussions on this topic. To ensure the overall quality of this volume, all chapters were cross-reviewed by authors of other chapters and editor-reviewed. Wewouldalsoliketothank anumberofauthorswho hadintendedtodelivera chapterbutcouldnotduetobrevityoftimeintheend.Wehopetostayconnected for continuing research and knowledge transfer in this area. Cologne, Germany Alexander Fekete Wuppertal, Germany Frank Fiedrich v Contents 1 Introduction to ‘Urban Disaster Resilience and Security—Addressing Risks in Societies’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Alexander Fekete and Frank Fiedrich Part I Planning Urban Resilience 2 Nepal and the “Urban Resilience Utopia”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Johannes Anhorn 3 Exploring the Role of Planning in Urban Resilience Enhancement—An Irish Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 AoifeDoyle,WilliamHynes,StephenM.PurcellandMariaRochford 4 Toward Climate Resilience in the USA: From Federal to Local Level Initiatives and Practices Since the 2000s . . . . . . . . . 41 Ebru A. Gencer and Wesley Rhodes 5 Enhancing Resilience Towards Summer Storms from a Spatial Planning Perspective—Lessons Learned from Summer Storm Ela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Hanna Christine Schmitt and Stefan Greiving 6 Measuring Urban Resilience to Natural Disasters for Iranian Cities: Challenges and Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Solmaz Hosseinioon 7 Resilience History and Focus in the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Ronald Fisher, Michael Norman and James Peerenboom vii viii Contents Part II Organizing Professionals and the People 8 Integrating Volunteers in Emergency Response: A Strategy for Increased Resilience Within German Civil Security Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Jens Hälterlein, Linda Madsen, Agnetha Schuchardt, Roman Peperhove and Lars Gerhold 9 Contributions of Flood Insurance to Enhance Resilience–Findings from Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Annegret H. Thieken 10 Collaborative Emergency Supply Chains for Essential Goods and Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Marcus Wiens, Frank Schätter, Christopher W. Zobel and Frank Schultmann Part III Urban Resilience Assessment: Methods and Challenges 11 Competence as Enabler of Urban Critical Infrastructure Resilience Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Florian Brauner, Marie Claßen and Frank Fiedrich 12 Resilient Disaster Recovery: The Role of Health Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 James K. Mitchell 13 DS3 Model Testing: Assessing Critical Infrastructure Network Flood Resilience at the Neighbourhood Scale . . . . . . . . . . 207 Damien Serre 14 Enhancing Flood Resilience Through Collaborative Modelling and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Mariele Evers, Adrian Almoradie and Mariana Madruga de Brito Part IV Urban Critical Infrastructure and Security 15 An Approach for Quantifying the Multidimensional Nature of Disaster Resilience in the Context of Municipal Service Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Christopher W. Zobel, Milad Baghersad and Yang Zhang 16 A Future-Oriented Agent-Based Simulation to Improve Urban Critical Infrastructure Resilience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Thomas Münzberg, Tim Müller and Wolfgang Raskob Contents ix 17 An Indicator-Based Approach to Assessing Resilience of Smart Critical Infrastructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 A. Jovanović, K. Øien and A. Choudhary 18 Certified Video Surveillance Systems for More Resilient Urban Societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Simone Wurster, Irene Kamara, Thordis Sveinsdottir and Erik Krempel 19 Situational Resilience––A Network-Perspective on Resilience to Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Herbert Schubert and Tim Lukas Part V Resilience Trends, Paradigms and Reflections 20 Urban Riskscapes—Social and Spatial Dimensions of Risk in Urban Infrastructure Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Florian Neisser and Detlef Müller-Mahn 21 ResearchingMilieu-SpecificPerceptionsofRisk,(in)Security,and Vulnerability—A Conceptual Approach for Understanding the Inequality and Segregation Nexus in Urban Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Kristina Seidelsohn, Martin Voss and Daniela Krüger 22 ResilienceandThrivinginSpiteofDisasters:AStagesofChange Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Norbert Mundorf, Colleen A. Redding, James O. Prochaska, Andrea L. Paiva and Pamela Rubinoff 23 Foresight in Sight: How to Improve Urban Resilience with Collaboration Among Public Authorities?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Riitta Molarius,NinaWessberg,Jaana Keränen andMervi Murtonen 24 How to Demarcate Resilience? A Reflection on Reviews in Disaster Resilience Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Maike Vollmer and Gerald Walther 25 Challenges in Establishing Cross-Border Resilience . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Anouck Adrot, Frank Fiedrich, Andreas Lotter, Thomas Münzberg, Eric Rigaud, Marcus Wiens, Wolfgang Raskob and Frank Schultmann Part VI Perspectives from the Science-Policy Nexus 26 Resilience—A Useful Approach for Climate Adaptation? . . . . . . . . 461 Thomas Abeling, Achim Daschkeit, Petra Mahrenholz and Inke Schauser x Contents 27 Urban Resilience and Crisis Management: Perspectives from France and Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Juergen Weichselgartner, Bernard Guézo, Irmtraud Beerlage, Christian Després, Alexander Fekete, Gabriele Hufschmidt, Orsola Lussignoli, Stefanie Mey-Richters, Jens Naumann and Ina Wienand 28 Considerations About Urban Disaster Resilience and Security—Two Concepts in Tandem?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Alexander Fekete and Janos J. Bogardi 29 Synthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Alexander Fekete and Frank Fiedrich