(cid:56)(cid:46)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:56) (cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:46)(cid:54)(cid:57)(cid:51) (Includes Drawing & Painting/Sculpture/Graphics/ Applied Art & Art History) Author Dr. Saroj Bhargawa M. Vasim Upendra Kumar M.A., Ph.D. M.A. M.F.A. (Drawing & Painting) (Drawing & Painting) (Commercial Art) English Translation by Saumya Mishra M.A. (Drawing & Painting), NET (Visual Art) UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2 © Author (M. Vasim) Publishers UPKAR PRAKASHAN (An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company) 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–282 002 Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101 Fax : (0562) 4053330, 4031570 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.upkar.in Branch Offices 4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, 1-8-1/B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah Park, New Delhi–110 002 Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate), Bagh Lingampally, Phone : 011–23251844/66 Hyderabad–500 044 (A.P.), Phone : 040–66753330 ● The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if any mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same. ● This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without written permission from the Publishers. ● Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute. ISBN : 978-93-5013-249-4 Price : 180/- (Rs. One Hundred Eighty Only) Code No. 1752 Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA Preface I’m very glad to know that my dear pupil Mr. M. Vasim has composed a book for the UGC NET/JRF/SET Examinations on the Visual Art (Second Paper), which is now before us. His courage, sincerity and patience while composing this book is really praiseworthy. Such a book has been desired for a long period. This book will certainly prove useful to the students of UGC NET/JRF/SET; and I also hope it will achieve proper honour in the society of ‘Art’. I bless you for this useful book and also heartily congratulate the two other authors on this unique work. —Dr. R. A. Sharma (Professor) Deptt. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archeology Jivaji University Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) PREAMBLE The examinees of UGC NET/JRF/SET were lacking for such a book for a long period, which can provide them the basic information about the ‘Visual Art’. The University Grants’ Commission (UGC) provided a new challenge to the students and the teachers by offering a new syllabus in the year 2005. Such a number of new various areas have been included in it that all the students and teachers have been facing many problems while searching for the appropriate matter. We hope that this book will prove an important one to fulfil that space. Visual Art (second paper) is quite according to the syllabus for the UGC NET/JRF/SET. The book has been finalised with 29 Chapters, Appendix (A, B, C) and a list of paintings at the end. This book contains various information about the Visual Art; which is based upon the objective type questions. It includes various important topics as Art and Beauty, Fundamentals of Visual Art, Mediums and Techniques (Traditional and Modern Painting, Sculpture, Mural etc.), Art of Advertising, Graphic Design, Computer Graphics, Printing and Decoration, Photography, Indian and Western Painting, Sculpture, Architecture etc. (from the Pre-Historic period upto Modern times), the Artists and the important paintings, various Movements of Art, Recent activities from the world of Art and Indian Cinema, Music, Dance etc., in a long range of objective questions; which is appropriate to the current pattern of examination. The main attractions of this book are the Appendix (A, B, C) and the list of paintings. These have been provided for the help of the readers; as it becomes so easy to capture many important informations in the mind at a glance only. The Appendix ‘A’ includes The Main Centres for Art Studies in India, Art Academies, Art Centres, Art Gallaries , Art Organisations, Main Museums in India, List of the Main Artists, Main Indian Artists’ Groups, Indian Artists and their Work and the Western Artists and their Paintings. The Appendix ‘B’ consists of the patterns of those questions, which form the question-paper. The Appendix ‘C’ has the model paper of the related examination; which is based upon memory. There is also a list of famous paintings in the last portion of the book. The students who are appearing in the UGC NET/JRF/SET Examinations for the first time, they must study the Appendix ‘B’ and ‘C’ and the solved paper of the UGC NET/JRF/SET exams given in the starting of the book. ( vii ) I believe that this book will be quite useful not only for the examinations of NET/JRF/SET organised in various Universities by UGC; but also for the examinees of Degree College Lecturership exams organised by the Higher Education Commission, Entrance exams for the Contract Teachers, T.G.T., P.G.T., M. Phil., Ph. D., B.F.A. M.F.A., B.V.A., M.V.A., B.A., M.A. and all the art lovers in its present form. I’m heartily grateful to my Sir Dr. R. A. Sharma (Jivaji University, Gwalior); for he gave his precious time to finally examine the book and also gave some important suggestions. I’m also grateful to those scholars and artists; whose books and paintings have been referred in this book. I very well understand that its impossible to pay back the debt for the help of the persons in a specific deed; so I feel my duty to express my gratitude for such persons. This book is now before the examinees and the art-lovers with the blessings, inspiration, encouragement, guidence and help of Mr. Kapil Kumar Katiyar, Dr. Abhay Nandan Dwivedi, Dr. Girraj Kishor Agarwal, Mr. Radheyshyam Sharma, Dr. Hriday Gupta, Mr. Kamal Kapoor, Dr. Brijesh Katiyar, Dr. K. D. Pandey, Dr. Poornima Tiwari, Dr. Prema Srivastava, Dr. Sandhya Pandey and Dr. Chitralekha Singh. I’m also grateful to Mr. A. K. Singh (J.E.), who has been as a brother to me. He gave me complete support and encouragement. My dear friend Mr. Rajendra Singh provided some matter over the sculpture for this book; I’m also heartily thankful to him. At last, I express my gratitude for the Editor of the UPKAR Prakashan— Mr. Mahendra Jain; who heartily accepted my views and suggestions and worked with enthusiasm, kind-heartedness and sincerity in the publication of the book. If the examinees achieve the desired success with help of this book; I’ll regard that as an achievement of my life. Making faults is the basic human nature; so the opinions of the readers and the subject-scholars or any suggestions for the improvement of this book are heartily invited. —M. Vasim CONTENTS ● Previous Years’ Solved Papers 1. Art and Beauty ……………………………………………….. 3–8 2. Fundamentals of Visual Art ………………………………….. 9–13 (Elements, Principles of Composition and Perspective) 3. Mediums and Techniques (Traditional and Modern) ……… 14–22 ● Painting ● Sculpture ● Printmaking ● Mural ● Graphics and Multimedia Art. 4. Art of Advertising …………………………………………….. 23–27 5. Graphic Design………………………………………………... 28–32 6. Computer Graphics…………………………………………… 33–34 7. Printing and Designing ………………….…………………… 35–40 8. Photography…………………………………………………… 41–43 9. Pre-Historic Art of India ………………..…………………… 44–50 10. Indus Civilization……………………………………………… 51–57 11. The Buddhist Art ……………………………………………… 58–62 (Architectures/Sculptures/Paintings) 12. The Main Centres of Indian Painting………………………… 63–69 ● Jogimara Cave ● Ajanta Caves ● Bagh Caves ● Sigiria ● Badami Caves ● Kanchipuram ● Sittanvasal ● Ellora Caves ● Elephanta ● Khajuraho ● Tanjore (Thanjavur). 13. The Indian Schools of Painting ………………………….…… 70–75 ● Ajanta School ● Pala School ● Jain School ● Gujarat School ● Apbhransh School ● Deccan School ● Madhubani Style ● Folk Style ● Child Art ● Primitive or Tribal Art. 14. Rajasthani School of Painting…………………………………… 76–81 ● Mewar School ● Nathdwara School ● Bikaner School ● Marwar (Jodhpur) School ● Kishangarh School ● Bundi School ● Kota School ● Malwa School ● Jaipur School ● Alwar School. ( ix ) 15. Mughal School of Painting …………………………………… 82–87 ● Babar ● Humayun ● Akbar ● Jahangir ● Shahjahan ● Aurangzeb. 16. Pahari School of Painting …………………………………… 88–92 ● Basohli School ● Guler School ● Kangra School ● Chamba School ● Kulu School ● Garhwal School ● Mandi School ● Sikh School ● Jammu School. ………………………………………………… 17. Modern Indian Painting ……………………………………… 93–96 ● Company School ● Kalighat or Bazar School ● Bengal School. 18. Indian Painters (Modern and Contemporary) ………………..…… 97–123 19. Impact of the European Tendencies upon the Indian Art….. 124–129 20. Indian Artists Groups ………………………………………… 130–133 21. Western Pre-Historic Painting ……………………….……… 134–138 ● Altamira Cave ● Font-de-Gaume ● Les Combarelles Cave ● Lascaux and Other Caves 22. The Egyptian Art……………………………………………… 139–141 ● Mesopotamia ● Crete ● Mysinia 23. Medieval Period ………………………………….…………… 142–147 ● Early Christian Art ● Byzantine Art ● Romanesque and Gothic Styles 24. Classical Art…………………………………………………… 148–152 ● Greek Style ● Hellenistic Style ● Roman Style 25. Art of the Renaissance Period………………………...……… 153–158 ● Art of Florence ● High Renaissance ● Venice ● Netherlands ● Mannerism (1520–1560) 26. Paintings of the 17th and 18th Century …………...………… 159–164 ● Baroque Style ● Classicism Style ● Realism Style ● Roccoco Style 27. Art of the Early 19th Century…………………...…………… 165–169 ● Neo-Classicism ● Romanticism ● Realism ● Barbizon School and ● Pre-Raphaelitism 28. Modern Western Painting …………………………………… 170–178 ● Impressionism ● Neo-Impressionism ● Post-Impressionism ● Symbolism ● Fauvism ● Cubism ● Expressionism and Others