landbmoaoarwk ko, n dbeoifuolk . ((A 11 FrederMiocskt eller, HarvaUrndi versity todufoerr ce. ((A 11 JohWn. T uk.ey, BelLla borataonrdPi reisn ceUt Doinv ersity ((Tcheen tbuef)'bs'soto o nk statgirsatpihcailcs . 11 ComputiRnegv iews ((Bensotn -ficbtoiooksn 100 tft h2eo ctehn tuf)'. 11 amazon.com clarsefesriecTnh coeev .e rall ((A inteannptdoi wotfent r hb eo ok isst unning. 11 OpticEanlg ineering visuSatlr aunnWhdki te. �'�'A 11 BostGolno be Thec ovegrr aphdirca,wb ny M inorNui ijiimsba a,s ed onE .J .M areyt'rsa sicnh edfurloePm a rtiosL yoinn LA methode gr(aPpahrtii8qs8u,se ) . Authpohr otogrbaypR hoyb eDretlT redici Desi&g nT ypograbpyHh oyw arId.G ralla Edward R.T ufte \ ThVei sDuiaslp lay ·oQfu antiItnaftoirvmea tion SECOND EDITION GraphPircessC sh eshCiornen}e cticut · .. -. Copyrigc 2h0t0b1 yE dwarRd oTluff te PUBLISHBEYD GRAPHICPSR ESLSL C PosTO FFICBEo x4 30,C HESHIRCEo,N NECTICU0T6 410 Allr ighttois l lustraantdti eoxnrtse serbvyeE dd warRdo lTfu ftTeh.i wso rkm ayn otb ec opierde,p roduocret dr,a nslianwt heodl oer in parwti thowurti ttpeenr missoifto hnep ublisehxecre,fp otbr r ieexfc erinp tcso nnectwiiotnrh e vieowrss c holaarnlayl yUssiesw .i tahn fyo rm ofi nformasttioornaa gnedr etrieevlaelc,t raodnaipct aotriw ohna tevceorm,p utseorf twaorrbe y,s imiolrad ri ssimilar methondosw k nown ord eveloipnet dh feu tuirsae l ssot rifcodryb idwdietnh owurti ttpeenr missoifto hnpe ublisAh neurm.b eorfi llustraartireoe npsr odubcye d permissi on;t hosceo pyright-ahrocelr deedrist epda go1en9 7. Prinittneh dUe n iSttea<ifdAt meesr icaS eceodni,dtf ipiorftnih n ting, August 2007 Contents .. -.. PART I GRAPHICAL PRACTICE 1 GraphEixccaell len1c3 e 2 GraphIinctaelg ri5t3y 3 SourocfeG sr aphIinctaelg arnidSt oyp histic7a9t ion PART II THEORY OF DATA GRAPHICS 4 Data-aInndGk r aphRiecdaels ig9n1 5 CharijuVnikb:r atGiroindassn,,dD ucks 107 6 Data-MIanxki mizaatnidGo rna phDiecsailg n1 23 7 MultifuncGtriaopnhiincga l El1e3m9e nts 8 DatDae nsiatnydS malMlu ltipl1e6s1 9 AesthaentdiT cesc hniiqnDu aet Gar aphDiecsailg n1 77 EpiloDgeusei:gf notsrh Dei sploafIy n format1i9o1n Fomryp arents '" EdwEa:Tr'udfia enV di rJgaimnTeiusaf te Tot hmee moofr y JohnT uk(e1y9 15-zooo) W. trodutcott hiSeoe nc oEnddi tion " This neewd inpt rioovhiidgehs- rnec soolrloeurpdt ructioiooonfs manyg rapohfiWlcilsiP almaa iyarfdd,sc oltooort h.eirm ages e hearpep rioaaptnred, ianlctllhc uehnd ageaesns cd o rrnesc tio uladtuerdti hn1eg7p rinottfih finerg essd ti tion. accum Thibso obke gia1nn9 w7h5e Dne aDno naSltdoo kfeiPsnr ceton's WodorwoW ilsSocnh aosoklme etd ot easctha ttioads zotiecns journatslw ihsow erveit sitinhgya etrta ola erns omeec onomics. annoatc aotlelndoe frc etdaiionwgihst ,la o snetigc oonn I statisgtrpiahciaTclhsl et.i e rahteuwrraeste h tion,ot egonrf iym l devottoee xldpa iunsioentf gh r elu ipnegan n tdop romulgating "garphsitca ndianirdffdestr"ote hnntea toufr ev eivsiudaaelnn dc e qutaintraetsaiovneSi nogoI.n o wtureps omied eTahsJe.on h n Tuktehyp,eh enoPmiernntcaoeslnt atissgutgiectsihtwaeaendt , givaes eroijfeo sis netm iSniantrcshrne.ei - 1d96T0ukse,hy a d opeunpetd hfi ee ladhs,i b sr itlt leicahcnnoinctarlim badueti ons ictl ret ahtahtse t uodfsayt t isgtriacpwahaliis cn st ellectually repsectaannbdolj teut a s bopuicteh aarntrdlsu i pnegn s. Atfemrov itnoYga l Uen iveIrfi sniitstyhhm,eea d n uscript in 1892A.p ublwiassi htneerre edbs upttl antnope rdio nlnt2y , 000 copainetdsoc haarv geehr iypg rh,i c coernattromy y hforop es aw idreed aehrisIpa .ls soou tgodh ets tihgbeno osko t omaa sk e iste lf-exempliiftsy,hpi ehn ygs-oijtbcehiacatltftsw oeullrde flect thietn ellpercitneuacsavdi lap nlictneh dbe o oPkul.bi ssheeermse d appaalttlh eed proasnapu etcrnhtio _grtgh hotav tde erns ign. ConseqIiu netvnietgslsayfet- lepdu blTihsrihqesiu nigarf. ei dr st­ raebt oodke siagl nooetfmr o n,e (yal te faros ytauo npgr eosfrs)o, anadl arggaer aIfg uoen.Hd o awrGdr alla who had designed manym usemu caltoawgistg hre caaatrn ecd rt aH.fe w asw liltion g worckl owsiehttl hydi isffi cauultwthh owora fsil lweihdta lslo rts oofp inaiboodnuesgts n ai ntdy pogWrea pshtpyhe.sen u tm mienr hisustd liaoy oiunttghb eo opka,gb eyp age. aWbetl oew ere inertgagtarep hrigichistn tthotex e ts,o mmeetisin tthome i ddle oafs enteeilnmcien,ta htueis nusgae lpto ainro aft eaxdnti mage­ onoetf he ViidseDuaiassl ap dlvaoyc Taoft maecndet. h beo ok It oookua ton htemror tgoanmg yeh ome.b aTnohkffie cr se aid thswi atsh see cmoonsudtn usluotaahlnsa hthe a edv er made; first plabceel otnaogl eodta aonc irtcobu usay ne l aenp!ht Myv ieowns e-lpfublwiasst hogi oan loglu tt mo,a ktehb ee st adnm ost ealnwedog nardunfeblt o opko sswiitbhloceuo,tm pr.o mise ____) Othe,rw whidyso e it? Mosotaf l tlhb,eo oakst, hn aigi int sgevaletf, mo ef rsehn ew eyferost hien teqaenacdet sutahloe fvt iisceu vjaioldy ve inscuea,l raesnogna,idnv 1suunardlsen tdaing. January 2001 ChesChoinrnee1c ticut Introduction ,. Datgar aspv hiiscudailslmpyelu aarsyeq du aintbtiye sm oefa ns thceo mibnuesde p ooifln itnsace, oos r,nd taise ystem, nurl}.bers, symbwoolrssd,hs a,d aidnnc go,l or. The ouafsb resca ttn,o n-sreenptraeptiicottnusoarh leon swu mbers iass uirspirrncegelinynt v enpteirohbnae,pc sao ufts hee diversity ofs kirqleulisr tehvdei-a s-luarteimsptilir-ctis,icit saclaata,n d mathteilmcI.aawt as n ot 1u7n51to-8iotlohtsa tatgirsatpihciacls ­ lenagntadhr teosa h oqwau niytt,ti mreei-sss,ce attaenrdp lots, multivdairsipawlteaeriy ens -velnotanetgfdre s, u tcurhmi phosf mathemiantgiiectanaysul logCaarrittcehosmdoisira,enn sat ,th e caclusla,udn t hbea soifpc rso batbhoierlTyih.tre yme akraeb l WilliPaalymaf i(r1 715892d-3e)vp eelodori mopvreudp onner aly all the gfurnaidpcadhameles nistgeanelskt ,ior n egp clnoavceen ­ tointaalb olfne usm bweirttshh s ey stevmiasrtueiaepclsr einotnast ofhsi " lianreiatrh. m"e tic Modedma gtraa spc haidncom uchm oert hnas imspulibtysu tte fros masltlai tctiaaslsbt A.lt te ehibre sgtra,ip cahsr� er uments fror aesonaibnoqguu ta ntiinotmfraattiiOvoeftnn et .h e emffoesct­ tiwvaety od escerxipblaeon,rsd eu ,m maars ieoztfne u mbers­ eveavn e rlya rsgeett -oli osoa pkti ctouftr heonssu em bers. Frutrhmoeroefa, lm le thforoad ansyl iznagn cdo mmunicating staitciianoslmfrt atiwoelnl,- dedsaaigt grnaespad hr uiesc utahlel y simpaldnae ts t thtei mtseham emo esp to wuelr.f Thfei rsotft hpbiaosror tvke i etwhgser ahipcraalco tfti hcee p twcoe tnuiresnsic Peal yafiTrh.rea e dweilrIl h ,o preeo,ji icne the graipcghallo srhioeiwsnCn h ap1ta enrdn c tohnedtehmlena pses anldo st otepiespxo hritbuCinhtiaepd2t .Cei hrna p3to,en gr r aph­ icali entgiyrta nsdo pchaitssiteoientk,oas c cofurotn hted sieeffr ­ encieqnsau loiftg yr aapdlhe iscign. Thsee cpoanordftt h beo opkr ovail daensgf uoadrgi es cussing graipcahsdn par actthiyeco oafdrl a gtraa ipcAhsp.p ltyomi ontsg visduiaslpo lfqa uyasn tiintmfaaottriiotvnhete, h eyl oeratdos chanagniedms p roviendme esnsitugsgn g,we hsyst osmg er aphics migbhebt e tttheoartn h aenrgdse ,n enreatwty eposef gs r asp.h ic Theem phiaossn mi asx impirziinncgei mpplimeresia,cs aoulfr es grapphefirrcomaanlc aednt, h see quiemnrptoimvaeelno tfg rasp hic throruvegihsa idnoe nd itIinnsgi.g ghrtascp adhilein staioerg nt o beg anieIdb ,e l,if ervotemho erioefws h amta kese xfcenoecrle l ina ratr,c hitadenp crto.us ree, Thsi ibso o·akao butth dee soifsg tna tgirsaitpciahscn aadlss, u ch, iitcs no cerbnoetwdith h d esaingwdni tsht atBiusittit ais cl ss.o abtoh uotwoc o mumniicnamtfaeot rtihourngo thh sei multaneous preseonftw aotrniduosmn,b aednrp si,ce tsTu.hr e doefss tiagtni s­ tigcraalp ihasui ncisv meartstaelrm -altihkeem adti insco st- an titeotd h uen ifqeuaet oufapr aersut lliacarna ggTueh.de e scriptive cocnep(tvaso cualbafrogyrr aspa)hn itdch peir cnipaldenvsca ed apptlomy o sdte s.i hgIan vasett i mes provaibdtoet udh ee vidence scoopfte h eisdeeb ayss h,o whionfwge r queanp trliyn ciple applies to rna(dao sma mop)fln ee wasns dc iegnrtaiipcfihsc. Eacyhe arw,o rtolhvdrees , o mewbheetrwe9e 0eb0ni llion (X91 101)a n2dt ri(lX2l1 i10o)2in m aogfse tsa tgirsatspia hecri acl prei.dn tTphrei nctihpbiloseoa skp polfy t o tfto h ogmsroeas sp.hi c Smoeo ft hseu ggcehsatneaegdrs e msla lbu,ot t haerrsesu btsitaaln, witcnhos equfeohnruc nedsor fbe idlslo ifpo rnisnp taegde s. BuIth opaelt shota htbe o ohkac sos neuqecnefsot rhv ei ewers and makertsh oiosmfea geastt-h tewhiyl l neovrce rres atvtaiete iws ­ tigcraalip cthshs ea mwea ayg aTihnai.ts p ..aibrnet c awueas ree abtot uos ecelo,l ehcetrseeodm, a nwyo ndedrrfanuwglits h,o se ofPalyfoafMi irn,a orfMd a,r eanynd,o, w adoafty hcseo, m puter. Mosotfa ltlh,et nhb,io soi kasc eleborfda atgtiraoa nsp .hi c