Accreditation mentto maintaining an academicenviron- academic life. Wealso recognizeour mentwhich fosters pluralism, mutual obligation to nurturecommunity-wide Universityof Massachusetts Dartmouth is respect, appreciation of divergentviews, appreciation of cultural diversityandwill accredited bythe New England Association and awarenessofthe importanceof dedicateappropriate resourcesto meetthis ofSchoolsand Colleges, which accredits individual rights. Tothisend, we reassert commitmenton an on-going basis. schoolsand colleges in the six New England the importanceofcivilityand thevaluable states. Membership in theAssociation contribution that diversityin race, ethnicity, Statementon Sexual Harassment indicatesthatthe institution has been religion, sexual orientation and culture carefullyevaluated and found to meet bringstothe University community, and Sexual harassment issex discrimination and, standardsagreed upon byqualified thereforewe stronglyencourageand therefore, a violation of federal and state educators. Manyspecificprogramsarealso support racial, ethnic, cultural and religious law. It isthe policyofthe Universityof accredited by professional or educational pluralism. (Universityof Massachusetts, 6/3/ Massachusettsthat no member of the associations, as stated in the college and 92) Universitycommunity maysexually harass departmental sectionsofthis publication. another. For purposesofthis policyand PolicyAgainst Intolerance consistentwith federal regulations, sexual Compliance harassment is defined asfollows: The Board ofTrustees denounces intoler- TheUniversityof Massachusetts Dartmouth ance, particularlythat basedon ethnicity, Unwelcomed sexual advances, requestsfor complieswith both the intentand spiritof culture, religion, raceorsexual orientation sexual favorsandotherverbal or physical appropriatefederal and state antidiscrimina- which interfereswith those rights guaran- conductofa sexual nature constitute sexual tion laws includingTitleVII oftheCivil teed by law, and insiststhatsuch conduct harassmentwhen: RightsAct, Title IXofthe Educational has noplace in a communityof learning. 1. Amendmentsof 1972, Section 504of the Wealso recognizetheobligation ofthe submission tosuch conduct is made either RehabilitationActof 1973, andthe Universityto protectthe rightsoffree explicitlyor implicitlya term or condition of Americanswith Disabilities Act of 1990. inquiryand expression, and nothing in the an individual'semploymentoracademic Resolution in Supportof Pluralism or Policy work, Statement of Equal Opportunityand Against Intolerance shall be construed or 2. AffirmativeAction applied soastoabridgethe exerciseof submission toor rejection ofsuch conduct rights underthe Constitution ofthe United byan individual is used asthe basisfor Universityof Massachusetts Dartmouth Statesand other Federal and State laws. employment oracademicdecisions affecting wholeheartedly supportsand encourages (Universityof Massachusetts, 6/3/92) such individual or thedevelopmentofaction programs 3. designed to promotethe employment and Statement on Cultural such conduct hasthe purposeoreffectof advancementofwomen, Blacks, Latino, Diversityand Inclusion unreasonably interferingwith an individual's Asians, NativeAmericans, personswith work performanceor creating an intimidat- disabilities, and Vietnam-era Veteransasa Universityof Massachusetts Dartmouth ing, hostileoroffensiveworking or meansofassuring compliancewith the affirms its strong supportand deep academicenvironment. provisionsof campusAffirmativeAction commitmenttothe continued development plans. and maintenanceofan academiccommu- It isthe policyofthe Universityof Massa- nity inwhich the individual dignityand chusettsto protectthe rightsofall persons The Universityfirmlysupportsthe concept potential of each of its membersare given within the University community by ofequal opportunitywithout regard toan full respect, recognition, and encourage- providing fairand impartial investigations of individual's race, color, age, religion, ment. Our goal isan institution inwhich all all complaints broughttothe attention of gender, sexual orientation, national origin, maystudy, live, andwork securelyand appropriate officials. Any memberofthe disability, orveteran statusas itappliesto productively in an atmospherecharacterized University communityfoundto haveviolated his/heremployment, admission toand bycivilityand opennesstothe pursuitof thissexual harassment policywill besubject participation in the University's programs academic excellence in thefinesttradition of todisciplinaryaction. and activities, provision of services, and academia. selection ofvendorswho provide services or Chancellorsare directed totakeappropriate productstothe University. Universityof Massachusetts Dartmouth is measuresto inform each memberofthe opposedto and condemns racism. Actsof Universitycommunityofthis policy Thefollowing person has been designated harassment, intimidation, or invasion of statementand to develop procedures, in to handle inquiries regardir-j the nondis- privacywhich interferewith the rightsofan conjunction with the President'sOffice, for crimination policies: Assistant Chancellorfor individual or groupto participate in the filing, hearing, and resolving complaints. Equal Opportunity/Diversity/Outreach, Foster activitiesoftheacademiccommunityshall (Universityof Massachusetts, 6/3/92) Administration Building, Room 327, beconsidered to be in violation ofthis Universityof Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 policyand may bedealtwith appropriately Statement on OldWestport Road, North Dartmouth, MA under applicable Universitycodesand as Gender Discrimination 02747. Telephone 508 999-8008. regulated bystatute. Universityof Massachusetts Dartmouth is Inquiries concerning the application of We recognizethe affirmativeobligation of committed toensuring equalityand nondiscrimination policies may also be the Universitytofostera diverseand avoiding gender discrimination. Therefore, it referred tothe Regional Director, Officefor integrated learning environment. Tothis is the University policyto avoid, inall Civil Rights, US Department of Education, J. end, the University hasa responsibilityto University publicationsand communications, W. McCormack Building, Room 222, vigorously pursueeffortstoattract the useof languagethat perpetuates Boston, MA02109-4557 minorities, women, and membersofother gender bias. Universityemployeesare historicallydisadvantaged groupsas encouraged to usegender-neutral language. Resolution in Support of Pluralism students, facultymembers, and staff in In selecting textbooksand readingsofthe sufficient numberstoalleviate isolation and very highestquality, facultyare urged to The Board ofTrusteesaffirms itscommit- to ensure real integration and diversityin selectthose thatarefreeofgender bias. University of Massachusetts Dartmouth General Catalogue 1999—2000 Undergraduate Programs and Courses, Policies, and Procedures UniversityofMassachusettsDartmouth(USPS#015-139) Volume3.Number9,August 1999 UniversityofMassachusettsDartmouth ispublishedtwiceinFebruary,twiceinMarch.Apnl,twice inJuly,twiceinAugust.October,andDecemberbythe UniversityofMassachusettsDartmouth. 285OldWestportRoad NorthDartmouth.Massachusetts02747-2300 Periodicalspostagepaidat NewBedford,Massachusetts02740-9998 POSTMASTER Sendaddresscorrectionstothe UniversityofMassachusettsDartmouth. 285OldWestportRoad NorthDartmouth.Massachusetts02747-2300 Purposes of this Catalogue More information available on World Wide Web The 1998-2000 Thiscatalogue istheofficial sourceof The Universityof MassachusettsDartmouth General Catalogue information aboutthe University'sunder- home page can be reached on the Internet's was produced using graduateacademic programs, itsapproved World Wide Web at: Aldus PageMaker 6.0 courses, and associated policiesand in Frutiger Lighttype. procedures. Its purpose isto guide students http://www.umassd.edu/ The book was designed in planning a courseofstudyand in meeting for printing bythe program, department, and University This completecatalog, plus more informa- university's requirements; and to provide information tion about differentaspectsofthe Univer- Officeof Publications aboutthe Universityto students, employees, sity, can befoundfrom our home page. and prepared for printing applicants, parents, teachers, counselors, bythe General Editor. and the general public. Seethetableof Asthiscatalogwentto press, our constantly contentsand indexfor an outlineofthe growingWeb pages included detailed Editorial responsibilities information provided. information about: Admissions, career forthe publication services, directionstotheuniversity, residewith the This catalogueemphasizesthe university's financial aid, sports, studentorganizations, OfficeofAcademicAffairs undergraduate programs. For centralityof and special research projects. University reference, however, it listsall current news releases, special eventsannounce- General Editor graduateaswell as undergraduatecourses ments, and other publicationsarealsoon Richard Panofsky ofthe university. Please consultthe theWeb. AssociateVice Chancellor GraduateCataloguefor detailed graduate fGorradAucaatdeemSitcudAifefsairsand program information. In addition, therearelinksto home pages with in-depth information about many Managing Editor The information inthis catalogueshould be academicdepartmentsand university Cathy Sullivan current forthetimeof publication, although programs Therearealso linkstotheother ExecutiveAssociate somechanges may haveoccurred between UMass campuses. thetime of going to pressand theopening ofthe academicyear. The Universityreserves therighttochangeatanytime thedegrees, programs, andservicesoffered, the requirements, andthecourses. Corrections oferrors mayalso be made All official changesand correctionswill befiledwith theOfficeof AcademicAffairs/Graduate Studiesand the Registrar. Suchchargesas tuitionandfees, the policiesassociatedwithsuch charges, and academicorgeneralUniversitypoliciesare subjecttochangewithoutnotice. Therewill be no refund oftuition, fees, charges, or anyother payments madetothe University in theeventthat theoperation ofthe Universityissuspended atanytimeas a result ofanyactof God, strike, riot, or disruption, orfor anyother reasons beyond thecontrol of the University. The information in this publication is provided solelyforthe convenienceofthe reader, and the Universityexpresslydisclaims any liabilitywhich mayotherwise be incurred. Thispublication isneithera contractnoranoffertomakea contract. 5 Table of Contents Introduction: Accreditations, 4 College of 195 History, Vision and Mission Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering 200 Lists of Undergraduate 4 Computer and Information Science 205 and Graduate Programs Electrical and Computer Engineering 214 Mechanical Engineering 230 Academic 9 Engineering Technology 239 Calendars Physics 245 Textile Sciences 254 Admission 10 to the University College of 264 Nursing Expenses and 16 Community and Institutional Nursing 265 Student Financial Services College of Visual 278 The Campus Experience: 23 and Performing Arts Services and Support Art Education 284 Art History 289 Academic Regulations 34 Design 294 and Procedures Fine Arts 310 Music 315 Special Learning 53 Theater 324 Opportunities Interdisciplinary and 325 Outreach: Centers, Laboratories, 57 Special Programs Programs, and Events African and African-American 326 Studies Minor Gerontology Minor and 329 Key to Course Listings 61 Certificate Honors Program 333 College of 62 International Marketing/ 335 Arts and Sciences French Certificate Biology 66 Judaic Studies Minor 336 Chemistry and Biochemistry 74 Labor Studies Minor and Certificate 338 Economics 88 Post-Baccalaureate Certificate 343 Education 93 Pre-Law 344 English 100 Pre-Medical 344 Foreign Literature and Languages 1 1 Women's Studies Minor 345 History 124 UMass Dartmouth/Southern 349 Humanities and Social Sciences 132 New England School of Law Mathematics 133 Three-Plus-Three Program Medical Laboratory Science 140 Multidisciplinary Studies 146 Division of 351 Philosophy 147 Continuing Education Political Science 152 Psychology 58 1 Trustees, Officers, 354 Sociology and Anthropology 164 and Faculty Charlton College of 175 Index 369 Business Accounting and Finance 179 Directions for Travel inside Management 184 and Correspondence back cover Marketing and 188 Business Information Systems A List of Listedare majorswith the degreeoffered Undergraduate Programs and anyformal optionswithin majors. Approved minorsarealsoshown. College of Charlton College of College of Arts and Sciences Business Nursing Biology BS Accounting BS Nursing BS biology Business Information Systems BS basic program marine biology Finance BS RN track Chemistry BS Management BS chemistry Marketing BS biochemistry College ofVisual and pre-medical Minor in Business Administration Performing Arts BS-MS option Economics BA Art Education BFA English BA Art History BA drama/film studies College of Music BA literature Engineering Painting/2D Studies BFA writing/communication Sculpture/3D Studies BFA French BA Civil Engineering BS Textile Design/Fiber Arts BFA History BA Computer Engineering BS Visual Design BFA Humanities and Social Sciences BA Electrical Engineering BS ceramics Mathematics BS or BA Mechanical Engineering BS graphic design/letterform mathematics mechanical engineering illustration computer-oriented mathematics manufacturing engineering jewelry/metals Medical Laboratory Science BS Computer Science BS photographic/electronic imaging clinical laboratory science Physics BS cytotechnology physics Minors in Art History, Music Multidisciplinary Studies BA or BS materials science Philosophy BA Textile Chemistry BS Certificates in Artisanry, Fine Arts Political Science BA Textile Science BS Portuguese BA general option Psychology BA applied fiber option Sociology BA sociology Minors in Electrical and Computer anthropology/social anthropology Engineering; Computer Science, criminal justice Software Engineering, and System social services Software; and Physics Spanish BA Electrical Engineering Technology BS Education: elementary and secondary and Mechanical Engineering Technol- teachercertification ogy BS, available through Division of Continuing Education Minors in Anthropology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Economics, English, French, German, History, Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Minors Special Programs/Curricula Philosophy, Political Science, Portu- guese, Sociology, Spanish African and African-American Studies Gerontology Certificate Gerontology Honors Program Judaic Studies International Marketing/French Labor Studies Certificate Women's Studies Labor Studies Certificate Pre-Law Pre-Medical Post-Baccalaureate Certificate Program UMass Dartmouth/Southern New England School of LawThree-Plus- Three Program List of Accreditations Graduate Programs Graduate programs are described UMassDartmouthhasfullaccreditation from theregionalaccreditingorganizationforNew and courses listed in the Graduate Englandhighereducationinstitutions: Catalogue, available from the Office of Graduate Affairs. NewEngland AssociationofSchool and Colleges(NEASC). Artisanry MFA Someacademicfields haveexternal accreditingagencieswhich reviewandaccreditacademic programsorthecampus, inadditiontoregional accreditation. Theseagenciesaccredit Art Education MAE programseitheratthe undergraduatelevel onlyoratall levelsofstudy. Biology/Marine Biology MS Thefollowingspecificprogramsareaccredited: Business Administration MBA Chemistry(BS level) American Chemical Society(ACS) Chemistry MS ComputerScience Computing SciencesAccreditation Board(CSAB) Computer Science MS Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Accreditation Boardfor Engineering Electrical Engineering MS, PhD Electrical Engineering, Mechanical andTechnology Engineering; Electrical and Mechanical EngineeringTechnology(BS levels) Fine Arts MFA Nursing Nursing Commission, The National Master of Arts in Teaching MAT LeagueforNursing Accrediting (NLNAC) Mechanical Engineering MS Medical LaboratoryScience National AccreditingAgencyfor Clinical LaboratorySciences(NAACLS) Nursing MS ArtHistory, Art Education, Visual Design, National Associationof Schools TextileDesign, Artisanry, and FineArts ofArtsand Design(NASAD) Physics MS TeacherCertification program. Master's Commonwealthof Massachusetts Professional Writing MA ofArtinTeaching, Art Education Departmentof Education/National AssociationofDepartmentsof Psychology MA Teacher Education (NASDTEC) Textile Chemistry MS Thefollowingarecandidatesforaccreditation: Textile Technology MS Accounting, Business Information Systems, American Association ofColle—giate Finance, Management, Marketing, MBA Schoolsof Business(AACSB) inactive Visual Design MFA candidacystatuswithfinal reviewtooccur in 1999-2000 UMassDartmouth's ExternalIdentificationNumbers College Board 3786 FAFSA 002210 IPEDS UNITID 167987 FICE/OPEID 002210 FederalTIN 04-3167352 DUNS 79-947-7427 (Dunn &Bradstreet) Carnegie Classification Master's(Comprehensive) Universitiesand Colleges 1 5 Introduction to the University The Universityof Massachusetts The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Foundedasanagriculturecollege in Amherst UMass Dartmouth provideseducational In 1991 a newUniversityof Massachusetts in 1863, the Universityof Massachusetts isa programs, research, and continuing structurecombinedtheAmherst, Boston, and uniquelyAmerican institution, a publicland- education servicesin theliberal and creative Worcestercampuseswith Southeastern grantuniversity. Such institutionshavethree artsand sciencesand inthe professions. It MassachusettsUniversityandtheUniversity basiccharacteristics: offersa broad rangeof baccalaureateand ofLowell.ThusSoutheastern Massachusetts • graduatedegreesvitaltotheeconomicand UniversitybecametheUniversityof Massa- First,theyare "people's universities," culturalwell-beingofthe regionandthe chusettsDartmouth. intendedtoserveall studentswhocan dothe Commonwealth. academicwork. In 1994UMass Dartmouth receivedapproval • The Dartmouth campustracesitsrootsto toofferitsfirst PhDdegree, in Electrical wSeelclonads,thtehoeryetaircealcoedmumciatttieodn.to practical as t1h8e95N.eIwntBheadtfoyreadrTtexhteilleegSicshlaotoulreanchdarttheered dEoncgtionreaelripnrg.ogIrtaamlssowoiftfherostsheevrerUaMlajsoisnt • campuses. Bradford DurfeeTextileSchool in Fall River. Third, theyputnewknowledgetoworkfor thecommon good. Asthe region'seconomicbase shiftedfrom In 1997 constructionwascompletedofthe Centerfor MarineScienceandTechnology, Wfcoirltolhmegttehheogsrseealwfeitroomfbgfueeidcdeoerlamilenletashnedasn,mdotdaheemroAndmehsetrssttart Tttseehhxreetviyinlceedeseivditensordsumoisffotirrneiedeeswtd,hietvgieherrensececurroamrltialicenougulnefass,acocrftheuassrntpiugondnegeddniatntsnog.do.tBoy dlBoueczvazetaleroddpsomneBan2yt..6iAsancfroulewlspsirnuopNgperowartmBeoedfdifrnoertshdeiasnrencaherwand Universityof Massachusetts, thelargest themiddle.ofthe20th centurytheywere facility. TAaunmhiMheveeedUrrissMcitata,ysl,sBSpocoushfbtolotoinocl,doaiDrnyaWprirotnirmcvcloaetuusedt,tehes,irnc.aaNnmedpwuLsoEewnesgllilannadn.d taghhdraevodawGnbiltenaBgciglolermasapenioddfmluyta,lhtwesiepplcuullrer-rapeeroddsueeccbayoitnnsesoudtmciitchuicttfiiaozornencnsder,yss.oacTsihaely oaUmfnoMfdraeress1s8tmhDogaarrnraetd2mut,aoh0tau0en0thp4orf0hoawgusrhnaodomvemesrr,glr6aiav,ned0duo0an0htaescstamummadopejurnosters.s,It preparing engineers, health careworkers, than 300full-timefaculty. teachers, and business leaders. In 1962 thestate legislaturecreated Southeastern MassachusettsTechnological Institutebymerging thesmall colleges in NewBedford and Fall River. The 710acre campusin North Dartmouth, partway between New Bedfordand Fall River,was begun in 1964. Thedramaticcampusdesign wastheworkofarchitect Paul Rudolph, then deanofYale'sschool ofArtand Architecture. Therewasa clear publicdemand fora comprehensiveuniversity, and in 1969 SMTI becameSoutheastern Massachusetts University. Theuniversitycontinuedto growthroughthe 1970swhen itsresidence hallswerefinished andthroughthe '80sas researchand studio facilitiescame intobeing. In 1988theDion Scienceand Engineering Buildingwas opened, aswastheCedarDellTown-house Complex. Also in 1988, theSwain School of Design mergedwiththeuniversity'sCollege ofVisual and PerformingArts, strengthening programsinartand artisanry. TheSwam merger broughtadditional artfacilitiesin New Bedford tothe university. 6 The UMass Dartmouth Vision — — Drawingfrom thevisionstatementforthe Access Providing, within a personalized PublicService Improvingtheeffectiveness entireUniversityofMassachusetts, UMass setting, awiderangeofhigh quality ofelementaryand secondaryeducation Dartmouthdevelopedacampusvision baccalaureateand masters programsand throughcollaborative undergraduateand statementin 1992placingemphasisona selecteddoctoral programs; meetingthefull graduateteachereducation and in-service specialrelationshipbetweenundergraduate financial need, asdefined bystandard programs; adding cultural dimensiontothe andgraduateeducation. Here'sthat measures, ofall qualified applicants; livesofcitizensthrough exhibitionsand statement: strengthening studentoutreach effortsand performancesinthevisual and performing collaborationwith schoolsand community arts; and providing supportto businesses, colleges; encouragingandsupportingthe human servicesorganizations, and munici- The UniversityofMassachusettsDartmouth educational aspirationsofunder-represented palitiesthrough researchand policyanalysis, distinguishes itselfbyprovidingan intimate studentpopulations,therebyincreasingthe studentinternships, forums, training academicenvironmentwherethescholarly diversityofthecampuscommunity; easing assistance, and community-based programs. research and creativeactivitiesoffacultyand transferamong institutions; andoffering — graduatestudentsareinterwovenwiththe flexibleprogramsforworkingadults. Qualityof Life Enhancing and supporting undergraduateexperience. Morethana — thequalityoflifeforindividualswithina regional university,theDartmouthcampus Excellence Offering intellectuallychalleng- culturallydiverseuniversitycommunityand offersprogramsofeducational excellenceto ing undergraduateand graduateprograms forthecitizensofthe region byproviding undergraduateand graduatestudentsfrom thatmeetboth individual studentneedsand university-level libraryresources, distin- throughouttheCommonwealthand beyond. thoseofthestate; offering solid liberal arts guished programsinthevisual and creative Whileitsacademicallydistinguishedfaculty curricula, fortheirown sakeandasa arts, andan accessible, stimulating intellec- engagein professionalactivitiesofnational foundationforprofessional programs; tual environment; celebrating thecultural and international scope, thecampushaslong obtaining and maintaining national program and linguisticrichnessofthearea instudies been committedtoeconomicdevelopment accreditationwhereapplicable; exposing and events; hostingeminentscholarly and has beena catalystforregional studentstonewideasand developmentsin forums; and buildinga universitycommunity initiatives. The universitywill continueits theirfieldsthrough close interactionwith thatfosters personal development, respect commitmentstoeducationand publicservice faculty; and building distinctivedoctoral forthe individual and cultural diversityof whileexpanding research efforts, establishing programswhere research strengthsexistand othersand responsiblecitizenship. additional graduateprograms, andaddress- wherespecial resourcesand needsare ingtheeducational needsofthestate's identified, suchasthecoastal marine increasinglydiversepopulation. Itsmission environment, and includingjoint programs will reflectthe university'sinthefollowing withother UMasscampuses. ways: — Innovation Enabling undergraduateand graduatestudentstoexperiencethecreation andapplicationofnewknowledge by expanding opportunitiesforthemto participateinfacultyresearchon campusand internshipsat nearbypublicand private organizations, therebyenrichingstudents' educationandaiding developmentinthe region; continuingtocreateinnovative interdisciplinarycoursesand degree programs, suchasproject-drivencoursesand community-based collaborative projectsin health, educationandthe social sciences; and placing increasedemphasison a holistic approachtothe undergraduateexperience. Economic Developmentand Global — Competitiveness Modernizing under- graduateandgraduateeducationand supporting economicdevelopmentbymore closelylinking liberal and professional educationwiththeworkplace, sothat studentscan better integrateand applytheir knowledgeastheylearn; providing research andtechnologytransfertomarineand environmental industries; and providing researchassistanceandconsultationto business, labor, government, health careand social serviceorganizations. 7 " — Mission Statement The University of Massachusetts Strategic Priorities ofthe University of Massachusetts TheUniversity'smission isto providean 1)The Universityshall maintainthe 4)TheUniversityshall developand affordableeducationof highqualityand highest standard ofacademicexcellence. manage its resources effectively. conductprogramsofresearchand public TheUniversityof Massachusettsshall provide The Universityshallwiselymanageexisting servicethatadvanceourknowledgeand a quality, affordableuniversityeducationto resourcesandaggressivelydevelop new improvethe livesofthepeopleofthe thecitizensoftheCommonwealth. The sourcesofrevenuetomeetoperatingand Commonwealth. Universityshall strivetoserveall qualified capital needs. studentsregardlessoftheir economicmeans. "...itisforlife, notonlyforaliving, thatwe TheUniversityshall pursuedistinction in its 5)The Universityshall demonstratethe —mustprepareourstudents. researchand scholarship. excellenceand advancethe unique William M. Bulger, President missions ofitsfivecampuses. 2)The Universityshall maintain an The Universityshall encourageitsfive atmospherewhereeach person, campusestopursuewith distinctiontheir regardless ofreligious, ethnic, economic respectivestrengthsandstrivetoservethe orsocial background, will becomfort- bestinterestsoftheircommunities. able. The Universityshall enroll and employa diversecommunityofpeople. 3)The Universityshall offerand promote distinctiveforms ofpublicservice. The Universityof Massachusettsshall provide thestatewith policyresearch, programs, and leadershiptoaddress publicneeds.The Universityshall supporteffortstoimprove primaryand secondaryeducation and shall expand itscontinuing education programsto encourage lifelong learning.TheUniversity shall continueto promotetheeconomic developmentofthestateand its regions. 8