UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Structural Evaluation of a Bamboo Arch Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gc4j044 Author SHRIVASTAVA, RAHIL Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Structural Evaluation of a Bamboo Arch THESIS submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in CIVIL ENGINEERING by RAHIL SHRIVASTAVA Thesis Committee: Dr. Ayman S. Mosallam, Chair Dr. Farzin Zareian Dr. Anne Lemnitzer 2015 © 2015 Rahil Shrivastava DEDICATION To my parents (Dr. Pratibha Shrivastava and Mr. J.M. Shrivastava), my brother Mr. Kovid Shrivastava and my grandmother (Mrs. Triveni Shrivastava) in helping me achieve my dreams. My friends (Mr. Aman Gaur, Mr. Shashank Chourey, Mr. Abhimanyu Manglam, Miss Mayushi Jain, Miss Rasika Adhikari, Miss Sana Suri and Miss Aastha Maniar) For always supporting and motivating me. “In long term, economic sustainability depends on ecological sustainability” ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLES xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xii ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 4 CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL GEOMETRY AND SUPPORT SYSTEM OF BAMBOO 13 ARCH STRUCTURE CHAPTER 4: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF BAMBOO ARCH STRUCTURE 21 CHAPTER 5: NUMERICAL MODELING OF BAMBOO ARCH STRUCTURE 50 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE 58 RESEARCH REFERENCES 62 APPENDIX (A): RECORDS OF TEST #1 UNDER LOADING 65 APPENDIX (B): RECORDS OF TEST #1 UNDER UNLOADING 73 APPENDIX (C): RECORDS OF TEST #2 UNDER LOADING 81 APPENDIX (D): RECORDS OF TEST #2 UNDER UNLOADING 89 APPENDIX (E): DETAILS OF STRAIN GAUGE 97 APPENDIX (F): ANSYS FINITE ELEMENT CODE 98 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLES xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xii ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 4 CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL GEOMETRY AND SUPPORT SYSTEM OF BAMBOO 13 ARCH STRUCTURE CHAPTER 4: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF BAMBOO ARCH STRUCTURE 21 CHAPTER 5: NUMERICAL MODELING OF BAMBOO ARCH STRUCTURE 50 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE 58 RESEARCH REFERENCES 62 APPENDIX (A): RECORDS OF TEST #1 UNDER LOADING 65 APPENDIX (B): RECORDS OF TEST #1 UNDER UNLOADING 73 APPENDIX (C): RECORDS OF TEST #2 UNDER LOADING 81 APPENDIX (D): RECORDS OF TEST #2 UNDER UNLOADING 89 APPENDIX (E): DETAILS OF STRAIN GAUGE 97 APPENDIX (F): ANSYS FINITE ELEMENT CODE 98 iv LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure (1.1): The Bamboo Arch 2 Figure (2.1): Bamboo Samples 7 Figure (2.2): Nylon Rope Axial Test Setup 8 Figure (2.3): Load-Deflection Curve of Nylon rope 9 Figure (2.4): Spring Action of Nylon Rope Connection 10 Figure (3.1): Rhombus formed by Joining Bamboo Sticks 13 Figure (3.2): Support Condition for the Bamboo Structure 14 Figure (3.3): Clove Hitch knot 15 Figure (3.4): Top View CAD Sketch of the Structure 17 Figure (3.5): Isometric View of CAD Sketch of the Structure 18 Figure (3.6): Finite element numerical model of the structure 19 Figure (3.7): Finite element numerical model of the structure (Top View) 20 Figure (4.1): CAD Sketch of the Bamboo Arch Structure 21 Figure (4.2): X, Y Axis Coordinates of the Structure 25 Figure (4.3): Plate Connection to the High Strength Strap 28 Figure (4.4): Nodes to Chain Connection 28 Figure (4.5): Angle Notation in a Rhombus 30 Figure (4.6): Observational Area in the Structure 31 Figure (4.7): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R1’ while Loading 31 Figure (4.8): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R2’ while Loading 32 v Figure (4.9): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R5’ while Loading 32 Figure (4.10): Vertical Deflection as per Load Application 34 Figure (4.11): Short-Term Creep as per Load Application 34 Figure (4.12): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R1’ while Unloading 35 Figure (4.13): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R2’ while Unloading 35 Figure (4.14): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R5’ while Unloading 36 Figure (4.15): Vertical Re-bounce as per Release of Load Application 37 Figure (4.16): Cable ties looped around the joint 40 Figure (4.17): Bamboo Rhombus with cable ties attached 40 Figure (4.18): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R1’ while Loading 41 Figure (4.19): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R2’ while Loading 41 Figure (4.20): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R5’ while Loading 42 Figure (4.21): Vertical Deflection Records while Loading 43 Figure (4.22): Short-Term Creep as per Load Application 43 Figure (4.23): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R1’ while Unloading 44 Figure (4.24): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R2’ while Unloading 44 Figure (4.25): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R5’ while Unloading 45 Figure (4.26): Vertical re-bounce as per release of load application 46 Figure (4.27): Loading at Central Node of Structure 46 Figure (4.28): Strain Change Record for an Hour of Loading 47 vi Figure (4.29): Strain Change Record for an Hour of Loading 48 As the Load was Applied the Arch Central Portion of Bamboo Figure (4.30): 48 Members Flattened Figure (4.31): High and Low Strained Portion of Loaded Bamboo Arch 49 Figure (5.1): Force Function Applied at Four Nodes Respectively 51 Figure (5.2): Bamboo Element Mesh and its Geometrical Properties 53 Figure (5.3): Deformed Shape Under Loading 53 Comparison of Finite Element Model and Experimental Model Figure (5.4): 54 (Test #1) Figure (5.5): Top view of Deformed Shape under Loading 54 Figure (5.6): Un-deformed and Deformation Shape 55 Figure (5.7): Central Node Vertical Deflection 56 Figure (5.8): Z- Deflection Distribution 57 Figure (6.1): Central Node Vertical Deflection at a Limit of 90 lbs Load 60 Figure (A.1): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R6’ while Loading 65 Figure (A.2): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R7’ while Loading 65 Figure (A.3): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R10’ while Loading 66 Figure (A.4): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R11’ while Loading 66 Figure (A.5): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R12’ while Loading 67 Figure (A.6): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R15’ while Loading 67 Figure (A.7): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R16’ while Loading 68 Figure (A.8): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R17’ while Loading 68 vii Figure (A.9): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R20’ while Loading 69 Figure (A.10): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R21’ while Loading 69 Figure (A.11): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R22’ while Loading 70 Figure (A.12): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R25’ while Loading 70 Figure (A.13): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R26’ while Loading 71 Figure (A.14): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R27’ while Loading 71 Figure (A.15): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R30’ while Loading 72 Figure (B.1): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R6’ while Unloading 73 Figure (B.2): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R7’ while Unloading 73 Figure (B.3): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R10’ while Unloading 74 Figure (B.4): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R11’ while Unloading 74 Figure (B.5): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R12’ while Unloading 75 Figure (B.6): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R15’ while Unloading 75 Figure (B.7): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R16’ while Unloading 76 Figure (B.8): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R17’ while Unloading 76 Figure (B.9): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R20’ while Unloading 77 Figure (B.10): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R21’ while Unloading 77 Figure (B.11): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R22’ while Unloading 78 Figure (B.12): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R25’ while Unloading 78 Figure (B.13): Records of Change in Angle in Rhombus ‘R26’ while Unloading 79 viii