UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA ANALISA ABILITY TO PAY DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY PENGGUNA JASA KERETA API BANDARA SOEKARNO HATTA – MANGGARAI TESIS MUHAMMAD RAHMAD PERMATA 1006788170 FAKULTAS TEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL DEPOK JUNI 2012 i Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 313/FT.01/TESIS/07/2012 UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA ANALISA ABILITY TO PAY DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY PENGGUNA JASA KERETA API BANDARA SOEKARNO HATTA – MANGGARAI TESIS Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Teknik MUHAMMAD RAHMAD PERMATA 1006788170 FAKULTAS TEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL KEKHUSUSAN MANAJEMEN INFRASTRUKTUR DEPOK JUNI 2012 HALAMAN JUDUL i Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 ii Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 iii Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 iv Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 v Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 ABSTRAK Nama : Muhammad Rahmad Permata Program Studi : Teknik Sipil Judul : Analisa Ability To Pay dan Willingness To Pay Pengguna Jasa Kereta Api Bandara Soekarno Hatta – Manggarai Bandara Soekarno-Hatta adalah Bandara Internasional yang terletak kota di Tangerang dengan pergerakan penumpang sebanyak 52.446.618 penumpang pada tahun 2011 atau naik 15,43% dari tahun 2010. Namun Bandara Soekarno-Hatta tersebut belum memiliki akses yang memadai sehingga mengakibatkan sering terjadinya kemacetan pada akses menuju bandara pada jam-jam sibuk. Untuk mengurangi terhambatnya perjalanan menuju bandara maka akan dibangun kereta api. Dalam penetapkan tarif kereta api perlu mengetahui kemampuan membayar (Ability to Pay) dan kemauan membayar (Willingness to Pay) pengguna jasa kereta api. Metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan survey terhadap penumpang dibandara. Pengukuran Ability To Pay (ATP) menggunakan metode household budget dan Willingness to Pay (WTP) menggunakan metode state preference. Hasil penelitian yaitu estimasi nilai rata-rata ATP sebesar Rp.128.986,- dan nilai rata-rata WTP sebesar Rp.23.195,- dengan 80% responden bersedia membayar lebih untuk peningkatan keselamatan. Kata Kunci : Kereta Api Bandara, Kemampuan Membayar, Kemauan Membayar vi Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 ABSTRACT Name : Muhammad Rahmad Permata Study Program : Civil Engineering Title : The Analysis of Ability To Pay and Willingness To Pay done by Train Passengers of Soekarno Hatta Airport - Manggarai Soekarno-Hatta Airport is an International Airport located in Tangerang. The movement of passengers in this airport is around 52,446,618 passengers in 2011, or increased 15.43% from 2010. Unfortunately, Soekarno-Hatta airport does not have adequate access in which it can cause traffic jams on the access to airport especially at rush hours. For that reason, railway access to the airport will be built in order to solve the airport access problem. Relating to the train fare, it is necessary to know the ability to pay and willingness to pay of the train passengers. Survey to the airport passengers is conducted as the research method for this study. The writer employs household budget method to measure Ability To Pay (ATP) and state preference method to measure Willingness to Pay (WTP). The study finds that estimate of average value for ATP is IDR 128.986,- and estimate of average value for WTP is IDR 23.195,- in which 80% of respondents are willing to pay more for safety improvement. Key words : Airport Railway, Ability To Pay (ATP), Willingness To Pay (WTP) vii Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................. i HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................ ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI.......................... v ABSTRAK... ......................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. x DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1 1.1 LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH .................................................. 1 1.2 PERUMUSAN MASALAH .............................................................. 3 1.2.1 Identifikasi Masalah ........................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Signifikansi Masalah .......................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 5 1.3 TUJUAN PENELITIAN ................................................................... 5 1.4 BATASAN MASALAH .................................................................... 6 1.5 MANFAAT PENELITIAN ............................................................... 6 BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ....................................................................... 7 2.1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 7 2.2 PENELITIAN TERDAHULU ........................................................... 7 2.3 TEORI PRODUK JASA .................................................................. 16 2.3.1 Karakteristik Jasa ............................................................................. 17 2.3.2 Pengertian Kualitas Jasa .................................................................. 18 2.3.3 Harapan Pelanggan .......................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Dimensi Kualitas Jasa ...................................................................... 22 2.3.5 Nilai-nilai Konsumsi Jasa ................................................................ 23 2.4 TEORI PERMINTAAN .................................................................. 24 2.4.1 Hukum Permintaan .......................................................................... 24 2.4.2 Elastisitas Permintaan ...................................................................... 26 2.5 ABILITY TO PAY (ATP) DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) ..... 30 2.5.1 Ability To Pay (ATP) ........................................................................ 30 2.5.2 Willingness To Pay (WTP) ............................................................... 33 2.5.3 Hubungan Ability To Pay (ATP) dan Willingness To Pay (WTP) ... 34 2.6 VALUE OF PREVENTING A FATALITY (VPF) ............................. 37 2.7 DESAIN KUESIONER DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA ................. 39 2.7.1 Teknik Sampling .............................................................................. 39 2.7.2 Rancangan Kuesioner ...................................................................... 43 2.7.2.1 Kuesioner Pendahuluan ............................................................... 44 2.7.2.2 Tingkat Pengukuran dan Skala .................................................... 45 2.7.3 Uji Statistik ...................................................................................... 46 2.7.3.1 Uji Validitas ................................................................................ 46 viii Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012 2.7.3.2 Uji Keandalan (Reliabilitas) ........................................................ 48 2.7.3.3 Uji Hipotesis Sampel Tunggal .................................................... 49 2.8 KERANGKA BERFIKIR DAN HIPOTESA .................................. 52 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ................................................... 54 3.1 PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 54 3.2 PEMILIHAN STRATEGI PENELITIAN ....................................... 54 3.3 PROSES PENELITIAN .................................................................. 55 3.3.1 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................... 55 3.3.2 Instrumen Penelitian ........................................................................ 55 3.3.3 Pembuatan Kuesioner ...................................................................... 58 3.3.3.1 Kuesioner Karakterisik ................................................................ 58 3.3.3.2 Kuesioner Ability to Pay (ATP) ................................................... 58 3.3.3.3 Kuesioner Willingness to Pay (WTP) .......................................... 59 3.3.3.4 Kuesioner Harapan ...................................................................... 60 3.3.4 Penentuan Sampel Penelitian dan Penyebaran Kuesioner ............... 65 3.3.5 Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................... 66 3.3.5.1 Data Primer .................................................................................. 66 3.3.5.2 Data Sekunder ............................................................................. 66 3.3.6 Analisis Data .................................................................................... 66 3.3.7 Uji Statistik ...................................................................................... 68 3.3.7.1 Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas ......................................................... 68 3.3.7.2 Uji Hipotesis ................................................................................ 68 3.4 KESIMPULAN ................................................................................ 69 BAB IV ANALISIS ....................................................................................... 70 4.1 ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK RESPONDEN .............................. 70 4.2 ANALISIS ABILITY TO PAY (ATP) ............................................... 74 4.3 ANALISIS WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) ................................... 76 4.4 ANALISIS HARAPAN RESPONDEN .......................................... 82 4.5 ANALISIS BENCHMARKING ....................................................... 86 4.6 VALUE OF PREVENTING A FATALITY ........................................ 90 4.7 UJI HIPOTESA ............................................................................... 94 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...................................................... 97 5.1 KESIMPULAN ................................................................................ 97 5.2 SARAN ............................................................................................ 98 DAFTAR REFERENSI ...................................................................................... 99 LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 102 ix Universitas Indonesia Analisa ability..., Muhammad Rahmad Permata, Program Studi Teknik Sipil, 2012