Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5615 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen UniversityofDortmund,Germany MadhuSudan MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum Max-PlanckInstituteofComputerScience,Saarbruecken,Germany Constantine Stephanidis (Ed.) Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction Intelligent and Ubiquitous Interaction Environments 5th International Conference, UAHCI 2009 Held as Part of HCI International 2009 San Diego, CA, USA, July 19-24, 2009 Proceedings, Part II 1 3 VolumeEditor ConstantineStephanidis FoundationforResearchandTechnology-Hellas InstituteofComputerScience N.Plastira100,VassilikaVouton 70013,Heraklion,Crete,Greece and UniversityofCrete DepartmentofComputerScience Crete,Greece E-mail:[email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber:Appliedfor CRSubjectClassification(1998):H.5,I.3,I.2.10,I.4,I.5 LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplication,incl.Internet/Web andHCI ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-642-02709-1SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-642-02709-3SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. springer.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:12704804 06/3180 543210 Foreword The 13th International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, HCI Interna- tional 2009, was held in San Diego, California, USA, July 19–24, 2009, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2009, the 8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction, the Third International Confer- ence on Virtual and Mixed Reality, the Third International Conference on Internation- alization, Design and Global Development, the Third International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing, the 5th International Conference on Augmented Cognition, the Second International Conference on Digital Human Model- ing, and the First International Conference on Human Centered Design. A total of 4,348 individuals from academia, research institutes, industry and govern- mental agencies from 73 countries submitted contributions, and 1,397 papers that were judged to be of high scientific quality were included in the program. These papers ad- dress the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of the design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human-computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. This volume, edited by Constantine Stephanidis, contains papers in the thematic area of Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: • Universal Access in the Home Environment • Ambient Intelligence and Ambient Assisted Living • Mobile and Ubiquitous Interaction • Alternative Interaction Techniques and Devices • Intelligence, Adaptation and Personalization The remaining volumes of the HCI International 2009 proceedings are: • Volume 1, LNCS 5610, Human–Computer Interaction––New Trends (Part I), edited by Julie A. Jacko • Volume 2, LNCS 5611, Human–Computer Interaction––Novel Interaction Methods and Techniques (Part II), edited by Julie A. Jacko • Volume 3, LNCS 5612, Human–Computer Interaction––Ambient, Ubiquitous and Intelligent Interaction (Part III), edited by Julie A. Jacko • Volume 4, LNCS 5613, Human–Computer Interaction––Interacting in Vari- ous Application Domains (Part IV), edited by Julie A. Jacko • Volume 5, LNCS 5614, Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction––Addressing Diversity (Part I), edited by Constantine Stephanidis VI Foreword • Volume 7, LNCS 5616, Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction––Applications and Services (Part III), edited by Constantine Stephanidis • Volume 8, LNCS 5617, Human Interface and the Management of Information––Designing Information Environments (Part I), edited by Michael J. Smith and Gavriel Salvendy • Volume 9, LNCS 5618, Human Interface and the Management of Information––Information and Interaction (Part II), edited by Gavriel Salvendy and Michael J. Smith • Volume 10, LNCS 5619, Human Centered Design, edited by Masaaki Kurosu • Volume 11, LNCS 5620, Digital Human Modeling, edited by Vincent G. Duffy • Volume 12, LNCS 5621, Online Communities and Social Computing, edited by A. Ant Ozok and Panayiotis Zaphiris • Volume 13, LNCS 5622, Virtual and Mixed Reality, edited by Randall Shumaker • Volume 14, LNCS 5623, Internationalization, Design and Global Develop- ment, edited by Nuray Aykin • Volume 15, LNCS 5624, Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers, edited by Ben-Tzion Karsh • Volume 16, LNAI 5638, The Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuro- ergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, edited by Dylan Schmorrow, Ivy Estabrooke and Marc Grootjen • Volume 17, LNAI 5639, Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, edited by Don Harris I would like to thank the Program Chairs and the members of the Program Boards of all thematic areas, listed below, for their contribution to the highest scientific quality and the overall success of HCI International 2009. Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers Program Chair: Ben-Tzion Karsh Arne Aarås, Norway Holger Luczak, Germany Pascale Carayon, USA Aura C. Matias, Philippines Barbara G.F. Cohen, USA Kyung (Ken) Park, Korea Wolfgang Friesdorf, Germany Michelle M. Robertson, USA John Gosbee, USA Michelle L. Rogers, USA Martin Helander, Singapore Steven L. Sauter, USA Ed Israelski, USA Dominique L. Scapin, France Waldemar Karwowski, USA Naomi Swanson, USA Peter Kern, Germany Peter Vink, The Netherlands Danuta Koradecka, Poland John Wilson, UK Kari Lindström, Finland Teresa Zayas-Cabán, USA Foreword VII Human Interface and the Management of Information Program Chair: Michael J. Smith Gunilla Bradley, Sweden Anxo Cereijo Roibás, UK Hans-Jörg Bullinger, Germany Katsunori Shimohara, Japan Alan Chan, Hong Kong Dieter Spath, Germany Klaus-Peter Fähnrich, Germany Tsutomu Tabe, Japan Michitaka Hirose, Japan Alvaro D. Taveira, USA Jhilmil Jain, USA Kim-Phuong L. Vu, USA Yasufumi Kume, Japan Tomio Watanabe, Japan Mark Lehto, USA Sakae Yamamoto, Japan Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, USA Hidekazu Yoshikawa, Japan Shogo Nishida, Japan Li Zheng, P.R. China Robert Proctor, USA Bernhard Zimolong, Germany Youngho Rhee, Korea Human–Computer Interaction Program Chair: Julie A. Jacko Sebastiano Bagnara, Italy Gitte Lindgaard, Canada Sherry Y. Chen, UK Chen Ling, USA Marvin J. Dainoff, USA Yan Liu, USA Jianming Dong, USA Chang S. Nam, USA John Eklund, Australia Celestine A. Ntuen, USA Xiaowen Fang, USA Philippe Palanque, France Ayse Gurses, USA P.L. Patrick Rau, P.R. China Vicki L. Hanson, UK Ling Rothrock, USA Sheue-Ling Hwang, Taiwan Guangfeng Song, USA Wonil Hwang, Korea Steffen Staab, Germany Yong Gu Ji, Korea Wan Chul Yoon, Korea Steven Landry, USA Wenli Zhu, P.R. China Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics Program Chair: Don Harris Guy A. Boy, USA Nicolas Marmaras, Greece John Huddlestone, UK Sundaram Narayanan, USA Kenji Itoh, Japan Mark A. Neerincx, The Netherlands Hung-Sying Jing, Taiwan Jan M. Noyes, UK Ron Laughery, USA Kjell Ohlsson, Sweden Wen-Chin Li, Taiwan Axel Schulte, Germany James T. Luxhøj, USA Sarah C. Sharples, UK VIII Foreword Neville A. Stanton, UK Matthew J.W. Thomas, Australia Xianghong Sun, P.R. China Mark Young, UK Andrew Thatcher, South Africa Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction Program Chair: Constantine Stephanidis Julio Abascal, Spain Patrick M. Langdon, UK Ray Adams, UK Seongil Lee, Korea Elisabeth André, Germany Zhengjie Liu, P.R. China Margherita Antona, Greece Klaus Miesenberger, Austria Chieko Asakawa, Japan Helen Petrie, UK Christian Bühler, Germany Michael Pieper, Germany Noelle Carbonell, France Anthony Savidis, Greece Jerzy Charytonowicz, Poland Andrew Sears, USA Pier Luigi Emiliani, Italy Christian Stary, Austria Michael Fairhurst, UK Hirotada Ueda, Japan Dimitris Grammenos, Greece Jean Vanderdonckt, Belgium Andreas Holzinger, Austria Gregg C. Vanderheiden, USA Arthur I. Karshmer, USA Gerhard Weber, Germany Simeon Keates, Denmark Harald Weber, Germany Georgios Kouroupetroglou, Greece Toshiki Yamaoka, Japan Sri Kurniawan, USA Panayiotis Zaphiris, UK Virtual and Mixed Reality Program Chair: Randall Shumaker Pat Banerjee, USA Gordon M. Mair, UK Mark Billinghurst, New Zealand Miguel A. Otaduy, Switzerland Charles E. Hughes, USA David Pratt, UK David Kaber, USA Albert “Skip” Rizzo, USA Hirokazu Kato, Japan Lawrence Rosenblum, USA Robert S. Kennedy, USA Dieter Schmalstieg, Austria Young J. Kim, Korea Dylan Schmorrow, USA Ben Lawson, USA Mark Wiederhold, USA Internationalization, Design and Global Development Program Chair: Nuray Aykin Michael L. Best, USA Susan M. Dray, USA Ram Bishu, USA Vanessa Evers, The Netherlands Alan Chan, Hong Kong Paul Fu, USA Andy M. Dearden, UK Emilie Gould, USA Foreword IX Sung H. Han, Korea Elizabeth D. Mynatt, USA Veikko Ikonen, Finland Oguzhan Ozcan, Turkey Esin Kiris, USA Girish Prabhu, India Masaaki Kurosu, Japan Kerstin Röse, Germany Apala Lahiri Chavan, USA Eunice Ratna Sari, Indonesia James R. Lewis, USA Supriya Singh, Australia Ann Light, UK Christian Sturm, Spain James J.W. Lin, USA Adi Tedjasaputra, Singapore Rungtai Lin, Taiwan Kentaro Toyama, India Zhengjie Liu, P.R. China Alvin W. Yeo, Malaysia Aaron Marcus, USA Chen Zhao, P.R. China Allen E. Milewski, USA Wei Zhou, P.R. China Online Communities and Social Computing Program Chairs: A. Ant Ozok, Panayiotis Zaphiris Chadia N. Abras, USA Gabriele Meiselwitz, USA Chee Siang Ang, UK Hideyuki Nakanishi, Japan Amy Bruckman, USA Anthony F. Norcio, USA Peter Day, UK Jennifer Preece, USA Fiorella De Cindio, Italy Elaine M. Raybourn, USA Michael Gurstein, Canada Douglas Schuler, USA Tom Horan, USA Gilson Schwartz, Brazil Anita Komlodi, USA Sergei Stafeev, Russia Piet A.M. Kommers, The Netherlands Charalambos Vrasidas, Cyprus Jonathan Lazar, USA Cheng-Yen Wang, Taiwan Stefanie Lindstaedt, Austria Augmented Cognition Program Chair: Dylan D. Schmorrow Andy Bellenkes, USA Marc Grootjen, The Netherlands Andrew Belyavin, UK Taro Kanno, Japan Joseph Cohn, USA Wilhelm E. Kincses, Germany Martha E. Crosby, USA David Kobus, USA Tjerk de Greef, The Netherlands Santosh Mathan, USA Blair Dickson, UK Rob Matthews, Australia Traci Downs, USA Dennis McBride, USA Julie Drexler, USA Robert McCann, USA Ivy Estabrooke, USA Jeff Morrison, USA Cali Fidopiastis, USA Eric Muth, USA Chris Forsythe, USA Mark A. Neerincx, The Netherlands Wai Tat Fu, USA Denise Nicholson, USA Henry Girolamo, USA Glenn Osga, USA X Foreword Dennis Proffitt, USA Maria L.Thomas, USA Leah Reeves, USA Peter-Paul van Maanen, The Netherlands Mike Russo, USA Karl van Orden, USA Kay Stanney, USA Roman Vilimek, Germany Roy Stripling, USA Glenn Wilson, USA Mike Swetnam, USA Thorsten Zander, Germany Rob Taylor, UK Digital Human Modeling Program Chair: Vincent G. Duffy Karim Abdel-Malek, USA Kang Li, USA Thomas J. Armstrong, USA Zhizhong Li, P.R. China Norm Badler, USA Timo J. Määttä, Finland Kathryn Cormican, Ireland Woojin Park, USA Afzal Godil, USA Matthew Parkinson, USA Ravindra Goonetilleke, Hong Kong Jim Potvin, Canada Anand Gramopadhye, USA Rajesh Subramanian, USA Sung H. Han, Korea Xuguang Wang, France Lars Hanson, Sweden John F. Wiechel, USA Pheng Ann Heng, Hong Kong Jingzhou (James) Yang, USA Tianzi Jiang, P.R. China Xiu-gan Yuan, P.R. China Human Centered Design Program Chair: Masaaki Kurosu Gerhard Fischer, USA Kun-Pyo Lee, Korea Tom Gross, Germany Loïc Martínez-Normand, Spain Naotake Hirasawa, Japan Dominique L. Scapin, France Yasuhiro Horibe, Japan Haruhiko Urokohara, Japan Minna Isomursu, Finland Gerrit C. van der Veer, The Netherlands Mitsuhiko Karashima, Japan Kazuhiko Yamazaki, Japan Tadashi Kobayashi, Japan In addition to the members of the Program Boards above, I also wish to thank the following volunteer external reviewers: Gavin Lew from the USA, Daniel Su from the UK, and Ilia Adami, Ioannis Basdekis, Yannis Georgalis, Panagiotis Karampelas, Iosif Klironomos, Alexandros Mourouzis, and Stavroula Ntoa from Greece. This conference could not have been possible without the continuous support and advice of the Conference Scientific Advisor, Prof. Gavriel Salvendy, as well as the dedicated work and outstanding efforts of the Communications Chair and Editor of HCI International News, Abbas Moallem.