2008 United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan GOALS Reduce Cost by 20% by 2020 Reduce Energy Intensity by 3% per Annum Reduce Water Use by 2% per Annum Increase Renewables at Annual Targets (3%, 5%, 7.5%, 25%) Reduce Ground Fuel use by 2% Per Annum Increase Alternative Fuel Use by 10% Per Annum Governance Improve Current Improve Future Expand Manage Costs Infrastructure Infrastructure Renewables  Envelope  Plan / program  Develop  Plan  HVAC / controls  Develop better - solar  Negotiate / litigate  Plumbing designs - wind  Educate  Water systems  Implement better - geothermal  Operate and  Central plants designs - biomass maintain  Interior lighting  Commissioning  Purchase  Distribution  Increase use of renewable  Recommissioning alternative-fuel, energy credits  Rightsize fleet hybrid technology  Explore hydrogen  Low speed vehicles vehicles technology Plan  5 Year Project Plan Decision  Effective Data Awareness  Strategic Communication Program  Effective Resourcing Mgt  Performance  Awards / Incentives Budget  Balanced Investment Measurement  Education & Training Asset Management Optimize assets >>> performance, risk, and cost >>> enterprise-wide Culture Change See the waste >>> Acknowledge the waste >>> Eliminate the waste On the cover: Front (clockwise from top right): The Combined Support Facility at Edwards AFB employs innovative, energy-saving technology and recycled materials. E-85 fuel is one alternative fuel currently in use in the Air Force. Luke AFB’s LED taxiway lighting saves energy and dollars. Low-speed electric vehicles are a viable alter- native for on-base use. The solar panels on the BX roof at Luke AFB generate electricity that can be used to power the facility. Back: Wind turbines at F.E. Warren AFB supply part of the base’s electrical power. Inside back: The solar array at Nellis AFB is one of the largest in the Americas. It supplies the base with more than 30 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year. Foreword The Air Force needs a purposeful campaign that builds upon our long history of energy conservation and leadership to create an enduring and viable energy strategy that meets conservation mandates, establishes energy independence, and provides the pathway to acquire the resources necessary to make our installations energy efficient. The Air Force infrastructure energy strategy melds with the Air Force’s core competencies and capabilities; it complements what the Air Force does and how the Air Force employs energy resources. There must be a realistic assessment of the current energy situation and environment to develop flexible options and make choices and investments that will yield a balanced energy implementation plan. Success needs to be measured with accurate data and analysis and by constant monitoring and evaluation of the execution of the strategy’s objectives. Leadership and communication are central to the success of the strategy. At the core of this energy strategy is the recognition that the Air Force needs industry and federal partnerships to meet or exceed our energy goals. Industry brings innovation, engineering and technology, financial savvy, venture capital, and a successful track record of managed risk to a multi-faceted energy management partnership. The Air Force seeks energy independence and managed conservation knowing that private sector leadership is assisting all military services and federal agencies to meet their energy goals. Every federal agency is a test bed for energy innovation and all agencies should benefit from the lessons learned in those endeavors and investments in solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and alternative fuels in facility and ground transportation energy conservation measures. While pursuing energy savings to meet federal mandates, we can simultaneously reduce costs of operating Air Force installations by understanding the business case for our initiatives and by creating a culture that recognizes and eliminates waste in all areas of our operations. Asset Management — the application of life-cycle–based decision making and smart operations practices in managing Air Force assets — will drive this cultural change. Energy management is central to this business makeover and will ensure the Air Force meets energy conservation and renewable goals. Kevin J. Sullivan Lieutenant General, United States Air Force DCS/Logistics, Installations & Mission Support ii United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan – 2008 Executive Summary The case for action to reduce our energy consumption and diversify our energy sources is more compelling than ever. Military forces will always be dependent on energy, but we must dramatically reduce the risk to national security associated with our current energy posture. Energy prices fluctuate tremendously and the cost of crude oil crested near $150 per barrel in 2008. Major oil reserves are in countries or regions with governments or regimes that are at times unfriendly to U.S. and other Western interests. Our fragile energy infrastructure, such as the national electrical grid and the country’s crude oil refining capacity, may hinder our ability to reliably deliver energy during times of crisis. Lastly, there is persuasive evidence that human activity is contributing to global warming. Together, these circumstances have awakened our nation, requir- ing a call for action that America is answering. Congress and the president have established mandates in law and executive orders. State governments are setting minimum “green” energy requirements for producers and consumers. Emerging technology and growing markets in renewable energy are d iversifying our supply. It is within this context that the Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan was developed. This plan explains why the Air Force needs an energy strategy, where the Air Force is headed with its strategy, and the difference an energy strategy will make as the Air Force prioritizes and allocates its resources. This strategic plan guides the Air Force toward higher energy efficiency by understanding the environment in which we operate. This environment includes several major statutory and policy mandates:  Reduce facility energy intensity by 3 percent per annum  Reduce base water use by 2 percent per annum  Increase use of renewable energy at annual targets (3%, 5%, 7.5%, 25%)  Reduce ground vehicle fossil fuel use by 2 percent per annum  Increase alternative fuel use by 10 percent per annum The operational environment also includes our energy consumption, fiscal challenges, evolving technology, and the opportunity to not only reduce consumption, but to diversify supply through renewable energy alternatives. The Air Force is engaged with other federal entities and industry to adopt best business prac- tices and technologies for conservation and renewable power development. The Air Force’s strategic plan is built on four pillars: 1) Improve Current Infrastructure; 2) Improve Future Infrastructure; 3) Expand Renewables; and 4) Manage Cost. The pillars rest on “enablers” such as our plan- ning, programming, and budgeting processes; our data systems that guide our investments and decisions; and energy awareness to ensure that improvements in technology are integrated with a meaningful change in our Air Force culture. The Air Force has a solid record of successes and strengths in energy management, but more must be done, and done today. A cogent, requirements-driven, business case–derived Air Force corporate strategy is required. This plan maps the way toward a 30 percent reduction in energy intensity by Fiscal Year 2015, primarily through improving the efficiency of the existing physical plant. The key to successful execution is aligning resources to the goals and creating accountability through effective governance. The Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan will deliver a positive return on investment and sustain our leadership in energy conservation and alternative energy. Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Scanning The Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Strategic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Appendices Appendix A: Statutory and Policy Mandates and Drivers ........................... A-1 Appendix B: Funding Sources / Programming Avenues ............................ B-1 Appendix C: Energy Metrics ...................................................... C-1 Appendix D: Communication Methods with Target Audiences ..................... D-1 Appendix E: Roles and Responsibilities ........................................... E-1 Appendix F: Abbreviations and Acronyms ......................................... F-1 Appendix G: References .......................................................... G-1 United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan – 2008 iii iv United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan – 2008 High-efficiency windows in the gym at Barksdale AFB provide natural light while preventing heat transfer, helping to save electricity on both lighting and air conditioning. Introduction The Air Force energy strategy is comprehensive and includes the full spectrum of energy activities across all operational and support areas, whether devel- oping new weapons systems and fuel-efficient aircraft engines or responsi- bly operating bases and flying aircraft. This Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan is one part of that strategy, with specific activities in infrastructure, including facilities, ground fuels, and ground vehicles and equipment. Major commands are required to defend the business case and prove the return on investment through life-cycle cost analysis in order to receive energy project funding. The plan maps the “way ahead” for meeting energy mandates from now until Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 and requires accountability for success. The plan will be updated every three to five years or as conditions warrant, such as major changes to statute, executive order, Department of Defense or Air Force policy, or a national crisis. Setting the Context Air Force Mission and Core Values The mission of the United States Air Force — to fly, fight, and win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace — is both highly technical and energy-intensive. Energy uses of the Air Force include facility energy to power installations around the world, jet fuel for transport aircraft that carry our Airmen to destinations both at home and abroad, and fuel for ground vehicle fleets. “The strategic goal is to develop an enterprise solution to minimize, transform, and validate Air Force ground transportation and support equipment while continuing fossil fuel reductions and promoting use of sustainable alternative energy sources. Combat-focused, lean, and highly expeditionary vehicle and fuel platforms for now and the future are critical in eliminating our dependency on fossil fuel.” Major General Gary T. McCoy The Air Force Logistics Readiness Officer United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan – 2008 1 2 United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan – 2008 Rigorously implementing the plan expands our strategic and tactical opportunities to improve the energy portfolio to meet Air Force missions, both today and in the future. Our core values, Integrity First, Service Before Self, and Excellence in All We Do, set the standard for conduct across the Air Force as well as in our energy program. Integrity embraces the courage to act responsibly to make energy conservation our duty. Service Before Self means there are poli- cies to which we will hold ourselves accountable. Excellence in All We Do directs us to develop a sustained passion for continuous improvement and innovation that will propel us to accomplish our energy goals today and tomorrow. We have inherited a history of excellence and courage that we must live up to, become part of, and pass on. Air Force Energy Vision Our Air Force vision is to reduce demand through conservation and effi- ciency; increase supply through alternative energy sources; and create a culture where all Airmen make energy a consideration in everything we do. Implementing this Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan will achieve presidential goals within congressional law and guidelines. In pursuit of Nellis AFB is home to one of the largest this vision, we will continue to be a federal energy leader by advancing photovoltaic systems in the Americas. It energy independence through coordinated efforts aimed at minimizing supplies the base with over 30 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, energy costs and leveraging technology in conservation measures and more than 25% of the base’s total renewable energy development, while matching system reliability and power needs. critical asset security with Air Force mission requirements. These efforts effectively reduce dependence on commercial supply and delivery systems and enhance energy security for the Air Force. The Air Force is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint through the reduced use of fossil fuels consumed directly through vehicles and facilities or indirectly through the consumption of fossil fuel–generated electricity from the national electrical grids. What the Plan Delivers and Why This infrastructure energy strategy suggests we invest almost $1.7 billion in facility and vehicle conservation measures through FY 2015 to meet a 30-percent energy intensity reduction (measured in millions of British thermal units per square foot, or MBTU/SF), a 16-percent water conserva- tion goal (in gallons/SF), and a vehicle fleet that is right-sized and efficient to operate. Investing $185 million in flex-fueled, hybrid, and low speed vehicles and rightsizing the vehicle fleet increases our ability to reduce fossil fuel consumption and maximize alternative and renewable energy sources to meet — and exceed — our mandates. Facility investments of $1.5 billion provide an opportunity for a $2.2 billion return through FY 2015, or about $1.50 returned for every $1.00 invested. These investments focus on controlling cost growth through efficiency and conservation to mitigate the effect of rising unit costs. Energy costs have outpaced the rate of reduced consumption. For example, from September 11th, 2001 through 2007, the Air Force reduced overall energy consumption by 11 percent, but utilities costs rose by 49 percent ($10.02/MBTU to $14.90/MBTU). This plan will ensure that we narrow the gap between rising costs and predictable future budgets. “Our goal is to reduce the portion of the Air Force budget used for installation support by 20 percent and reduce the size of the Air Force physical plant by 20 percent, by the year 2020. Collectively, our transformation efforts will enhance support for the warfighter, reduce the cost of installation engineering activities, and free resources for the recapitalization of Air Force weapons systems.” Major General Del Eulberg The Air Force Civil Engineer United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan – 2008 3 4 United States Air Force Infrastructure Energy Strategic Plan – 2008 Scanning The Environment The environment in which the Air Force operates shapes its infrastructure energy program. This environment is defined by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include the Air Force’s policies and transforma- tion initiatives, consumption and acquisition profiles, and energy security requirements. External factors, such as policies and statutes, technologi- cal changes, and economic realities, are not only key to understanding our operational environment, but can also affect the Air Force’s internal programs, policies, and initiatives. A brief review follows of some of the internal and external factors that shape our operational environment and energy program. Policies and Statutes The energy goals continue to evolve as federal mandates and Department of the Air Force programs mature. We will also adjust our strategic plan as DoD finalizes the overarching energy strategy for the military depart- ments. An overview of current mandates is provided in Appendix A. Here is a list of the major statutory and policy drivers.  Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005  National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAA) of 2007 and 2008  Executive Order (EO) 13221, Energy Efficient Standby Power Devices (2 Aug 01)  EO 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management (24 Jan 07)  Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Energy Security Privately and publicly operated commercial distribution systems like the national electric grids and commercial fuel pipeline systems have always been vulnerable to a loss of service from natural disasters, aging infra- structure, human error, or a physical or cyber attack from inside or outside the system. Short-term outages (minutes or hours) of these systems have well-exercised workarounds or methods for risk mitigation. However, the potential for long-term outages (i.e., months of loss of service) exists, and consequence management during a long-term outage is not well under- stood and certainly not exercised at our installations in a meaningful way.